1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-Systemd">Systemd</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The Systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <segmentedlist>
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30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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32 |
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33 | <seglistitem>
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34 | <seg>&systemd-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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35 | <seg>&systemd-ch6-du;</seg>
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36 | </seglistitem>
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37 | </segmentedlist>
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38 | </sect2>
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39 |
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40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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41 | <title>Installation of Systemd</title>
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42 |
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43 | <para>Prepare Systemd for compilation:</para>
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44 |
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45 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
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46 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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47 | --localstatedir=/var \
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48 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
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49 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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50 | --with-rootprefix= \
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51 | --with-rootlibdir=/lib \
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52 | --with-kbd-loadkeys=/bin/loadkeys \
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53 | --with-kbd-setfont=/bin/setfont \
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54 | --enable-split-usr \
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55 | --disable-gudev \
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56 | --without-python</userinput></screen>
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57 |
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58 | <variablelist>
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59 | <title>The meaning of the configure option:</title>
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60 |
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61 | <varlistentry>
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62 | <term><parameter>--with-root*</parameter></term>
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63 | <listitem>
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64 | <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
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65 | shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
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66 | of the root partition.</para>
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67 | </listitem>
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68 | </varlistentry>
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69 |
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70 | <varlistentry>
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71 | <term><parameter>--with-kbd-*</parameter></term>
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72 | <listitem>
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73 | <para>These switches tell Systemd where to find
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74 | Kbd programs.</para>
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75 | </listitem>
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76 | </varlistentry>
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77 |
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78 | <varlistentry>
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79 | <term><parameter>--enable-split-usr</parameter></term>
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80 | <listitem>
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81 | <para>This switch ensures that Systemd will work on
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82 | systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
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83 | symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
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84 | </listitem>
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85 | </varlistentry>
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86 |
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87 | <varlistentry>
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88 | <term><parameter>--disable-gudev --without-python</parameter></term>
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89 | <listitem>
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90 | <para>These switches disable optional features because
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91 | LFS does not provide their dependencies.</para>
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92 | </listitem>
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93 | </varlistentry>
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94 |
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95 | </variablelist>
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96 |
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97 |
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98 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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99 |
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100 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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101 |
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102 | <para>The package comes with a testsuite, but it doesn't work in
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103 | chroot. It needs to be run from a system booted using Systemd.</para>
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104 |
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105 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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106 |
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107 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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108 |
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109 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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110 | Journald:</para>
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111 |
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112 | <screen><userinput remap="install">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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113 |
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114 | <para>Create the Sysvinit compatibility symlinks, so Systemd is used
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115 | as the default init system:</para>
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116 |
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117 | <screen><userinput remap="install">for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
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118 | ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/$tool
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119 | done
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120 | ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>
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121 |
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122 | <para>By default, Journald logs to a tmpfs which means that logs
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123 | are not persistent through reboots. To make it log to a disk,
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124 | create the <filename class="directory">
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125 | /var/log/journal</filename> directory:</para>
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126 |
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127 | <screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /var/log/journal</userinput></screen>
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128 |
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129 | <para>Remove reference to a non-existent group:</para>
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130 |
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131 | <screen><userinput remap="install">sed -i "s@0775 root lock@0755 root root@g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf</userinput></screen>
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132 |
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133 | </sect2>
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134 |
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135 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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136 | <title>Contents of Systemd</title>
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137 |
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138 | <segmentedlist>
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139 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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140 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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141 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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142 |
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143 | <seglistitem>
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144 | <seg>halt, hostnamectl, init, journalctl, localectl, loginctl,
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145 | poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, systemctl, systemd-analyze,
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146 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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147 | systemd-coredumpctl, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
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148 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup, systemd-notify,
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149 | systemd-nspawn, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-tmpfiles,
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150 | systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, telinit, timedatectl and
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151 | udevadm</seg>
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152 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libsystemd-daemon.so, libsystemd-id128.so,
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153 | libsystemd-journal.so, libsystemd-login.so and libudev.so</seg>
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154 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/modules-load.d, /etc/rpm,
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155 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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156 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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157 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d,
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158 | /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d, /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;,
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159 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd and /var/log/journald</seg>
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160 | </seglistitem>
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161 | </segmentedlist>
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162 |
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163 | <variablelist>
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164 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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165 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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166 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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167 |
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168 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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169 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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170 | <listitem>
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171 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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172 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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173 | then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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174 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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175 | brought down.</para>
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176 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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177 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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178 | </indexterm>
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179 | </listitem>
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180 | </varlistentry>
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181 |
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182 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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183 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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184 | <listitem>
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185 | <para>used to query and change the system hostname and related
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186 | settings.</para>
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187 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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188 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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189 | </indexterm>
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190 | </listitem>
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191 | </varlistentry>
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192 |
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193 | <varlistentry id="init">
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194 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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195 | <listitem>
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196 | <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
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197 | the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all the
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198 | proceses it is instructed to.</para>
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199 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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200 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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201 | </indexterm>
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202 | </listitem>
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203 | </varlistentry>
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204 |
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205 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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206 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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207 | <listitem>
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208 | <para>used to query the contents of the Systemd Journal.</para>
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209 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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210 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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211 | </indexterm>
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212 | </listitem>
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213 | </varlistentry>
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214 |
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215 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
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216 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
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217 | <listitem>
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218 | <para>used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
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219 | settings.</para>
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220 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
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221 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
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222 | </indexterm>
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223 | </listitem>
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224 | </varlistentry>
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225 |
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226 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
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227 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
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228 | <listitem>
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229 | <para>used to introspect and control the state of the Systemd Login
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230 | Manager.</para>
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231 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
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232 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
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233 | </indexterm>
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234 | </listitem>
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235 | </varlistentry>
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236 |
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237 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
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238 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
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239 | <listitem>
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240 | <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
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241 | (see <command>halt</command>).</para>
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242 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
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243 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
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244 | </indexterm>
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245 | </listitem>
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246 | </varlistentry>
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247 |
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248 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
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249 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
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250 | <listitem>
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251 | <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see
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252 | <command>halt</command>).</para>
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253 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
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254 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
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255 | </indexterm>
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256 | </listitem>
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257 | </varlistentry>
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258 |
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259 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
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260 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
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261 | <listitem>
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262 | <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
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263 | last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>.</para>
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264 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
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265 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
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266 | </indexterm>
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267 | </listitem>
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268 | </varlistentry>
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269 |
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270 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
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271 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
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272 | <listitem>
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273 | <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes
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274 | and notifying all logged-in users.</para>
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275 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
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276 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
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277 | </indexterm>
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278 | </listitem>
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279 | </varlistentry>
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280 |
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281 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
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282 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
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283 | <listitem>
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284 | <para>used to introspect and control the state of the Systemd system and
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285 | service manager.</para>
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286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
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287 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
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288 | </indexterm>
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289 | </listitem>
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290 | </varlistentry>
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291 |
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292 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
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293 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
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294 | <listitem>
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295 | <para>used to determine system boot-up performance of the current boot.
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296 | </para>
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297 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
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298 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
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299 | </indexterm>
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300 | </listitem>
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301 | </varlistentry>
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302 |
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303 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
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304 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
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305 | <listitem>
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306 | <para>used to query a system password or passphrase from the user, using a
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307 | question message specified on the command line.</para>
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308 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
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309 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
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310 | </indexterm>
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311 | </listitem>
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312 | </varlistentry>
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313 |
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314 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
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315 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
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316 | <listitem>
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317 | <para>used to connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the Journal.
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318 | </para>
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319 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
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320 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
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321 | </indexterm>
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322 | </listitem>
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323 | </varlistentry>
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324 |
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325 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
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326 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
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327 | <listitem>
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328 | <para>recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control group
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329 | hierarchy in a tree.</para>
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330 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
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331 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
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332 | </indexterm>
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333 | </listitem>
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334 | </varlistentry>
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335 |
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336 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
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337 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
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338 | <listitem>
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339 | <para>shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group hierarchy,
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340 | ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load.</para>
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341 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
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342 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
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343 | </indexterm>
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344 | </listitem>
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345 | </varlistentry>
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346 |
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347 | <varlistentry id="systemd-coredumpctl">
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348 | <term><command>systemd-coredumpctl</command></term>
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349 | <listitem>
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350 | <para>used to retrieve coredumps from the Systemd Journal</para>
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351 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-coredumpctl">
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352 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-coredumpctl">systemd-coredumpctl</primary>
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353 | </indexterm>
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354 | </listitem>
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355 | </varlistentry>
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356 |
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357 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
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358 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <para>used to identify and compare configuration files in
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361 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
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362 | counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.</para>
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363 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
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364 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
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365 | </indexterm>
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366 | </listitem>
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367 | </varlistentry>
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368 |
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369 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
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370 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
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371 | <listitem>
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372 | <para>detects execution in a virtualized environment.</para>
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373 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
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374 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
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375 | </indexterm>
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376 | </listitem>
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377 | </varlistentry>
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378 |
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379 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
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380 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
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381 | <listitem>
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382 | <para>used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle inhibitor lock
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383 | taken.</para>
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384 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
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385 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
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386 | </indexterm>
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387 | </listitem>
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388 | </varlistentry>
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389 |
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390 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
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391 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
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392 | <listitem>
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393 | <para>used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID stored in
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394 | <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a randomly
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395 | generated ID.</para>
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396 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
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397 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
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398 | </indexterm>
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399 | </listitem>
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400 | </varlistentry>
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401 |
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402 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
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403 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
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404 | <listitem>
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405 | <para>used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status changes.
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406 | </para>
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407 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
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408 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
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409 | </indexterm>
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410 | </listitem>
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411 | </varlistentry>
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412 |
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413 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
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414 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
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415 | <listitem>
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416 | <para>used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace container.</para>
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417 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
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418 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
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419 | </indexterm>
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420 | </listitem>
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421 | </varlistentry>
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422 |
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423 | <!-- <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge">
|
---|
424 | <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term>
|
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425 | <listitem>
|
---|
426 | <para>To be completed</para>
|
---|
427 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge">
|
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428 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary>
|
---|
429 | </indexterm>
|
---|
430 | </listitem>
|
---|
431 | </varlistentry> -->
|
---|
432 |
|
---|
433 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
434 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
435 | <listitem>
|
---|
436 | <para>creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories,
|
---|
437 | based on the configuration file format and location specified in
|
---|
438 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories.</para>
|
---|
439 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
440 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
441 | </indexterm>
|
---|
442 | </listitem>
|
---|
443 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
444 |
|
---|
445 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
446 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
447 | <listitem>
|
---|
448 | <para>used to list or process pending Systemd password requests</para>
|
---|
449 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
450 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
451 | </indexterm>
|
---|
452 | </listitem>
|
---|
453 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
454 |
|
---|
455 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
456 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
457 | <listitem>
|
---|
458 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to.</para>
|
---|
459 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
460 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
461 | </indexterm>
|
---|
462 | </listitem>
|
---|
463 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
464 |
|
---|
465 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
466 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
467 | <listitem>
|
---|
468 | <para>used to query and change the system clock and its settings.
|
---|
469 | </para>
|
---|
470 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
471 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
472 | </indexterm>
|
---|
473 | </listitem>
|
---|
474 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
475 |
|
---|
476 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
477 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
478 | <listitem>
|
---|
479 | <para>Generic Udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon,
|
---|
480 | provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for
|
---|
481 | uevents to finish, tests Udev configuration, and triggers uevents
|
---|
482 | for a given device.</para>
|
---|
483 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
484 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
485 | </indexterm>
|
---|
486 | </listitem>
|
---|
487 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
488 |
|
---|
489 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd-daemon">
|
---|
490 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd-daemon</filename></term>
|
---|
491 | <listitem>
|
---|
492 | <para>Systemd Daemon utility library.</para>
|
---|
493 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd-daemon">
|
---|
494 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd-daemon">libsystemd-daemon</primary>
|
---|
495 | </indexterm>
|
---|
496 | </listitem>
|
---|
497 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
498 |
|
---|
499 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd-id128">
|
---|
500 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd-id128</filename></term>
|
---|
501 | <listitem>
|
---|
502 | <para>Systemd 128 Bit ID utility library.</para>
|
---|
503 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd-id128">
|
---|
504 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd-id128">libsystemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
505 | </indexterm>
|
---|
506 | </listitem>
|
---|
507 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
508 |
|
---|
509 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd-journal">
|
---|
510 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd-journal</filename></term>
|
---|
511 | <listitem>
|
---|
512 | <para>Systemd Journal utility library.</para>
|
---|
513 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd-journal">
|
---|
514 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd-journal">libsystemd-journal</primary>
|
---|
515 | </indexterm>
|
---|
516 | </listitem>
|
---|
517 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
518 |
|
---|
519 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd-login">
|
---|
520 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd-login</filename></term>
|
---|
521 | <listitem>
|
---|
522 | <para>Systemd Login utility library.</para>
|
---|
523 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd-login">
|
---|
524 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd-login">libsystemd-login</primary>
|
---|
525 | </indexterm>
|
---|
526 | </listitem>
|
---|
527 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
530 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
531 | <listitem>
|
---|
532 | <para>A library to access Udev device information.</para>
|
---|
533 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
534 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
535 | </indexterm>
|
---|
536 | </listitem>
|
---|
537 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
538 |
|
---|
539 | </variablelist>
|
---|
540 |
|
---|
541 | </sect2>
|
---|
542 |
|
---|
543 | </sect1>
|
---|