[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 4 | %general-entities;
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| 5 | ]>
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| 6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" xreflabel="Util-linux">
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| 7 | <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
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| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux"><primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary></indexterm>
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| 11 |
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| 12 | <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs. Among
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| 13 | them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions, and
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| 14 | messages.</para>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <screen>&buildtime; 0.2 SBU
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| 17 | &diskspace; 16 MB</screen>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <para>Util-linux installation depends on: Bash, Binutils, Coreutils,
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| 20 | Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Ncurses, Sed, Zlib.</para>
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| 21 |
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| 22 |
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <sect2>
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| 25 | <title>FHS compliance notes</title>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <para>The FHS recommends that we use <filename>/var/lib/hwclock</filename>,
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| 28 | instead of the usual <filename>/etc</filename>, as the location for the
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| 29 | <filename>adjtime</filename> file. To make the <command>hwclock</command>
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| 30 | program FHS-compliant, run the following:</para>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <screen><userinput>cp hwclock/hwclock.c{,.backup}
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| 33 | sed 's%etc/adjtime%var/lib/hwclock/adjtime%' \
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| 34 | hwclock/hwclock.c.backup > hwclock/hwclock.c
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| 35 | mkdir -p /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
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| 36 |
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| 37 | </sect2>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <sect2>
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| 40 | <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
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| 41 |
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[9dfc02f] | 42 | <para>Util-linux has issues with the Linux 2.6 kernel series - fix these isues
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| 43 | by applying the following patch:</para>
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| 44 |
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[c8ba565] | 45 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../util-linux-&util-linux-version;-kernel-headers-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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[9dfc02f] | 46 |
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[673b0d8] | 47 | <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <screen><userinput>./configure</userinput></screen>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <screen><userinput>make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes</userinput></screen>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <para>The meaning of the make parameters:</para>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <itemizedlist>
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| 58 | <listitem><para><userinput>HAVE_KILL=yes</userinput>: This prevents the
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| 59 | <command>kill</command> program (already installed by Procps) from being
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| 60 | built and installed again.</para></listitem>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <listitem><para><userinput>HAVE_SLN=yes</userinput>: This prevents the
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| 63 | <command>sln</command> program (a statically linked
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| 64 | <command>ln</command> already installed by Glibc) from being built and
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| 65 | installed again.</para></listitem>
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| 66 | </itemizedlist>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <para>Now install the package:</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><userinput>make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install</userinput></screen>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | </sect2>
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| 73 |
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <sect2 id="contents-utillinux"><title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <para><emphasis>Installed programs</emphasis>: agetty, arch, blockdev, cal,
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| 78 | cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate,
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| 79 | dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump,
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| 80 | hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line, logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs,
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| 81 | mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root,
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| 82 | ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags
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| 83 | (link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapoff (link to
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| 84 | swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev), whereis and
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| 85 | write</para>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | </sect2>
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| 88 |
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| 89 | <sect2><title>Short descriptions</title>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty"><primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary></indexterm>
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| 92 | <para id="agetty"><command>agetty</command> opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
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| 93 | and then invokes the login program.</para>
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| 94 |
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| 95 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux arch"><primary sortas="b-arch">arch</primary></indexterm>
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| 96 | <para id="arch"><command>arch</command> reports the machine's architecture.</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev"><primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary></indexterm>
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| 99 | <para id="blockdev"><command>blockdev</command> allows you to call block device ioctls
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| 100 | from the command line.</para>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal"><primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary></indexterm>
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| 103 | <para id="cal"><command>cal</command> displays a simple calendar.</para>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk"><primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary></indexterm>
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| 106 | <para id="cfdisk"><command>cfdisk</command> is used to manipulate the partition table
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| 107 | of the given device.</para>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chkdupexe"><primary sortas="b-chkdupexe">chkdupexe</primary></indexterm>
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| 110 | <para id="chkdupexe"><command>chkdupexe</command> finds duplicate executables.</para>
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| 111 |
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| 112 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col"><primary sortas="b-col">col</primary></indexterm>
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| 113 | <para id="col"><command>col</command> filters out reverse line feeds.</para>
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| 114 |
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| 115 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt"><primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary></indexterm>
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| 116 | <para id="colcrt"><command>colcrt</command> is used to filter nroff output for terminals
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| 117 | that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines.</para>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm"><primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary></indexterm>
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| 120 | <para id="colrm"><command>colrm</command> filters out the given columns.</para>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column"><primary sortas="b-column">column</primary></indexterm>
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| 123 | <para id="column"><command>column</command> formats a given file into multiple
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| 124 | columns.</para>
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| 125 |
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| 126 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel"><primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary></indexterm>
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| 127 | <para id="ctrlaltdel"><command>ctrlaltdel</command> sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del
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| 128 | key combination to a hard or a soft reset.</para>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cytune"><primary sortas="b-cytune">cytune</primary></indexterm>
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| 131 | <para id="cytune"><command>cytune</command> was used to tune the parameters of the
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| 132 | serial line drivers for Cyclades cards.</para>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ddate"><primary sortas="b-ddate">ddate</primary></indexterm>
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| 135 | <para id="ddate"><command>ddate</command> gives the Discordian date, or converts the
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| 136 | given Gregorian date to a Discordian one.</para>
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| 137 |
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| 138 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg"><primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary></indexterm>
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| 139 | <para id="dmesg"><command>dmesg</command> dumps the kernel boot messages.</para>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux elvtune"><primary sortas="b-elvtune">elvtune</primary></indexterm>
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| 142 | <para id="elvtune"><command>elvtune</command> can be used to tune the performance
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| 143 | and interactivity of a block device.</para>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat"><primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary></indexterm>
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| 146 | <para id="fdformat"><command>fdformat</command> low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
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| 147 |
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| 148 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk"><primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary></indexterm>
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| 149 | <para id="fdisk"><command>fdisk</command> could be used to manipulate the partition
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| 150 | table of the given device.</para>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
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| 153 | <para id="fsck.cramfs"><command>fsck.cramfs</command> performs a consistency check on the
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| 154 | Cramfs file system on the given device.</para>
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| 155 |
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| 156 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix"><primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary></indexterm>
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| 157 | <para id="fsck.minix"><command>fsck.minix</command> performs a consistency check on the
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| 158 | Minix file system on the given device.</para>
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| 159 |
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| 160 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt"><primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary></indexterm>
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| 161 | <para id="getopt"><command>getopt</command> parses options in the given command line.</para>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump"><primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary></indexterm>
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| 164 | <para id="hexdump"><command>hexdump</command> dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or
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| 165 | in another given format.</para>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock"><primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary></indexterm>
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| 168 | <para id="hwclock"><command>hwclock</command> is used to read or set the system's
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| 169 | hardware clock, also called the RTC (Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock.</para>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm"><primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary></indexterm>
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| 172 | <para id="ipcrm"><command>ipcrm</command> removes the given IPC resource.</para>
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| 173 |
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| 174 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs"><primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary></indexterm>
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| 175 | <para id="ipcs"><command>ipcs</command> provides IPC status information.</para>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize"><primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary></indexterm>
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| 178 | <para id="isosize"><command>isosize</command> reports the size of an iso9660
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| 179 | file system.</para>
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| 180 |
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| 181 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux line"><primary sortas="b-line">line</primary></indexterm>
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| 182 | <para id="line"><command>line</command> copies a single line.</para>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger"><primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary></indexterm>
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| 185 | <para id="logger"><command>logger</command> enters the given message into the system
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| 186 | log.</para>
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| 187 |
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| 188 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look"><primary sortas="b-look">look</primary></indexterm>
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| 189 | <para id="look"><command>look</command> displays lines that begin with the given
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| 190 | string.</para>
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| 191 |
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| 192 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup"><primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary></indexterm>
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| 193 | <para id="losetup"><command>losetup</command> is used to set up and control loop devices.</para>
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| 194 |
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| 195 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie"><primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary></indexterm>
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| 196 | <para id="mcookie"><command>mcookie</command> generates magic cookies, 128-bit random
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| 197 | hexadecimal numbers, for xauth.</para>
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| 198 |
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| 199 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary></indexterm>
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| 200 | <para id="mkfs"><command>mkfs</command> is used to build a file system on a device
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| 201 | (usually a hard disk partition).</para>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary></indexterm>
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| 204 | <para id="mkfs.bfs"><command>mkfs.bfs</command> creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system.</para>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
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| 207 | <para id="mkfs.cramfs"><command>mkfs.cramfs</command> creates a cramfs file system.</para>
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| 208 |
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| 209 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary></indexterm>
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| 210 | <para id="mkfs.minix"><command>mkfs.minix</command> creates a Minix file system.</para>
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap"><primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary></indexterm>
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| 213 | <para id="mkswap"><command>mkswap</command> initializes the given device or file to be
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| 214 | used as a swap area.</para>
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| 215 |
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| 216 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more"><primary sortas="b-more">more</primary></indexterm>
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| 217 | <para id="more"><command>more</command> is a filter for paging through text one
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| 218 | screen full at a time. But less is much better.</para>
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| 219 |
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| 220 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount"><primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary></indexterm>
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| 221 | <para id="mount"><command>mount</command> attaches the file system on the given device
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| 222 | to a specified directory (thus hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree.</para>
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| 223 |
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| 224 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei"><primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary></indexterm>
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| 225 | <para id="namei"><command>namei</command> shows the symbolic links in the given
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| 226 | pathnames.</para>
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| 227 |
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| 228 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg"><primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary></indexterm>
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| 229 | <para id="pg"><command>pg</command> displays a text file one screen full at a
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| 230 | time.</para>
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| 231 |
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| 232 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root"><primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary></indexterm>
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| 233 | <para id="pivot_root"><command>pivot_root</command> makes the given file system the new
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| 234 | root file system of the current process.</para>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ramsize"><primary sortas="b-ramsize">ramsize</primary></indexterm>
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| 237 | <para id="ramsize"><command>ramsize</command> is used to set the size of the
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| 238 | RAM disk in a bootable image.</para>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rdev"><primary sortas="b-rdev">rdev</primary></indexterm>
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| 241 | <para id="rdev"><command>rdev</command> is used to query and set the root
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| 242 | device and other things in a bootable image.</para>
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| 243 |
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| 244 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile"><primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary></indexterm>
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| 245 | <para id="readprofile"><command>readprofile</command> reads kernel profiling information.</para>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename"><primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary></indexterm>
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| 248 | <para id="rename"><command>rename</command> renames the given files, replacing a given
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| 249 | string with another.</para>
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice"><primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary></indexterm>
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| 252 | <para id="renice"><command>renice</command> is used to alter the priority of running
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| 253 | processes.</para>
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| 254 |
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| 255 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev"><primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary></indexterm>
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| 256 | <para id="rev"><command>rev</command> reverses the lines of a given file.</para>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rootflags"><primary sortas="b-rootflags">rootflags</primary></indexterm>
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| 259 | <para id="rootflags"><command>rootflags</command> is used to set the rootflags
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| 260 | in a bootable image.</para>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script"><primary sortas="b-script">script</primary></indexterm>
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| 263 | <para id="script"><command>script</command> makes a typescript of a terminal
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| 264 | session, of everything printed to the terminal.</para>
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| 265 |
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| 266 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setfdprm"><primary sortas="b-setfdprm">setfdprm</primary></indexterm>
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| 267 | <para id="setfdprm"><command>setfdprm</command> sets user-provided floppy disk
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| 268 | parameters.</para>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid"><primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary></indexterm>
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| 271 | <para id="setsid"><command>setsid</command> runs the given program in a new session.</para>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm"><primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary></indexterm>
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| 274 | <para id="setterm"><command>setterm</command> is used to set terminal attributes.</para>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk"><primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary></indexterm>
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| 277 | <para id="sfdisk"><command>sfdisk</command> is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
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| 278 |
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| 279 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapdev"><primary sortas="b-swapdev">swapdev</primary></indexterm>
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| 280 | <para id="swapdev"><command>swapdev</command> is used to set the swap device
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| 281 | in a bootable image.</para>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff"><primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary></indexterm>
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| 284 | <para id="swapoff"><command>swapoff</command> disables devices and files for paging
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| 285 | and swapping.</para>
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| 286 |
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| 287 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon"><primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary></indexterm>
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| 288 | <para id="swapon"><command>swapon</command> enables devices and files for paging
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| 289 | and swapping.</para>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tunelp"><primary sortas="b-tunelp">tunelp</primary></indexterm>
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| 292 | <para id="tunelp"><command>tunelp</command> is used to tune the parameters of the
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| 293 | line printer.</para>
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| 294 |
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| 295 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul"><primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary></indexterm>
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| 296 | <para id="ul"><command>ul</command> is a filter for translating underscores into
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| 297 | escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
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| 298 |
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| 299 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount"><primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary></indexterm>
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| 300 | <para id="umount"><command>umount</command> disconnects a file system from the
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| 301 | system's file tree.</para>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux vidmode"><primary sortas="b-vidmode">vidmode</primary></indexterm>
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| 304 | <para id="vidmode"><command>vidmode</command> could be used to set the video mode
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| 305 | in a bootable image.</para>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis"><primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary></indexterm>
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| 308 | <para id="whereis"><command>whereis</command> reports the location of binary, the
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| 309 | source, and the manual page for the given command.</para>
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| 310 |
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| 311 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux write"><primary sortas="b-write">write</primary></indexterm>
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| 312 | <para id="write"><command>write</command> sends a message to the given user,
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| 313 | <emphasis>if</emphasis> that user has not disabled such messages.</para>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | </sect2>
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| 316 |
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| 317 |
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| 318 |
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| 319 | </sect1>
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