1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" xreflabel="Util-linux">
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7 | <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux"><primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs. Among
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13 | them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions, and
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14 | messages.</para>
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15 |
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16 | <screen>&buildtime; 0.2 SBU
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17 | &diskspace; 16 MB</screen>
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18 |
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19 | <para>Util-linux installation depends on: Bash, Binutils, Coreutils,
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20 | Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Ncurses, Sed, Zlib.</para>
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21 |
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22 |
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23 |
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24 | <sect2>
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25 | <title>FHS compliance notes</title>
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26 |
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27 | <para>The FHS recommends that we use <filename>/var/lib/hwclock</filename>,
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28 | instead of the usual <filename>/etc</filename>, as the location for the
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29 | <filename>adjtime</filename> file. To make the <command>hwclock</command>
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30 | program FHS-compliant, run the following:</para>
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31 |
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32 | <screen><userinput>cp hwclock/hwclock.c{,.backup}
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33 | sed 's%etc/adjtime%var/lib/hwclock/adjtime%' \
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34 | hwclock/hwclock.c.backup > hwclock/hwclock.c
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35 | mkdir -p /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
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36 |
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37 | </sect2>
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38 |
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39 | <sect2>
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40 | <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
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41 |
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42 | <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
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43 |
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44 | <screen><userinput>./configure</userinput></screen>
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45 |
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46 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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47 |
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48 | <screen><userinput>make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes</userinput></screen>
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49 |
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50 | <para>The meaning of the make parameters:</para>
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51 |
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52 | <itemizedlist>
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53 | <listitem><para><userinput>HAVE_KILL=yes</userinput>: This prevents the
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54 | <command>kill</command> program (already installed by Procps) from being
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55 | built and installed again.</para></listitem>
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56 |
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57 | <listitem><para><userinput>HAVE_SLN=yes</userinput>: This prevents the
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58 | <command>sln</command> program (a statically linked
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59 | <command>ln</command> already installed by Glibc) from being built and
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60 | installed again.</para></listitem>
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61 | </itemizedlist>
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62 |
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63 | <para>Now install the package:</para>
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64 |
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65 | <screen><userinput>make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install</userinput></screen>
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66 |
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67 | </sect2>
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68 |
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69 |
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70 | <sect2 id="contents-utillinux"><title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
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71 |
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72 | <para><emphasis>Installed programs</emphasis>: agetty, arch, blockdev, cal,
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73 | cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate,
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74 | dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump,
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75 | hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, line, logger, look, losetup, mcookie, mkfs,
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76 | mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei, pg, pivot_root,
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77 | ramsize (link to rdev), raw, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags
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78 | (link to rdev), script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapoff (link to
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79 | swapon), swapon, tunelp, ul, umount, vidmode (link to rdev), whereis and
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80 | write</para>
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81 |
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82 | </sect2>
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83 |
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84 | <sect2><title>Short descriptions</title>
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85 |
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86 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty"><primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary></indexterm>
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87 | <para id="agetty"><command>agetty</command> opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
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88 | and then invokes the login program.</para>
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89 |
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90 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux arch"><primary sortas="b-arch">arch</primary></indexterm>
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91 | <para id="arch"><command>arch</command> reports the machine's architecture.</para>
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92 |
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93 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev"><primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary></indexterm>
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94 | <para id="blockdev"><command>blockdev</command> allows you to call block device ioctls
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95 | from the command line.</para>
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96 |
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97 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal"><primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary></indexterm>
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98 | <para id="cal"><command>cal</command> displays a simple calendar.</para>
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99 |
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100 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk"><primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary></indexterm>
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101 | <para id="cfdisk"><command>cfdisk</command> is used to manipulate the partition table
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102 | of the given device.</para>
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103 |
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104 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chkdupexe"><primary sortas="b-chkdupexe">chkdupexe</primary></indexterm>
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105 | <para id="chkdupexe"><command>chkdupexe</command> finds duplicate executables.</para>
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106 |
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107 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col"><primary sortas="b-col">col</primary></indexterm>
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108 | <para id="col"><command>col</command> filters out reverse line feeds.</para>
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109 |
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110 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt"><primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary></indexterm>
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111 | <para id="colcrt"><command>colcrt</command> is used to filter nroff output for terminals
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112 | that lack some capabilities such as overstriking and half-lines.</para>
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113 |
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114 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm"><primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary></indexterm>
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115 | <para id="colrm"><command>colrm</command> filters out the given columns.</para>
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116 |
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117 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column"><primary sortas="b-column">column</primary></indexterm>
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118 | <para id="column"><command>column</command> formats a given file into multiple
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119 | columns.</para>
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120 |
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121 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel"><primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary></indexterm>
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122 | <para id="ctrlaltdel"><command>ctrlaltdel</command> sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del
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123 | key combination to a hard or a soft reset.</para>
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124 |
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125 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cytune"><primary sortas="b-cytune">cytune</primary></indexterm>
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126 | <para id="cytune"><command>cytune</command> was used to tune the parameters of the
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127 | serial line drivers for Cyclades cards.</para>
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128 |
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129 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ddate"><primary sortas="b-ddate">ddate</primary></indexterm>
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130 | <para id="ddate"><command>ddate</command> gives the Discordian date, or converts the
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131 | given Gregorian date to a Discordian one.</para>
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132 |
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133 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg"><primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary></indexterm>
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134 | <para id="dmesg"><command>dmesg</command> dumps the kernel boot messages.</para>
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135 |
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136 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux elvtune"><primary sortas="b-elvtune">elvtune</primary></indexterm>
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137 | <para id="elvtune"><command>elvtune</command> can be used to tune the performance
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138 | and interactivity of a block device.</para>
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139 |
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140 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat"><primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary></indexterm>
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141 | <para id="fdformat"><command>fdformat</command> low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
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142 |
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143 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk"><primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary></indexterm>
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144 | <para id="fdisk"><command>fdisk</command> could be used to manipulate the partition
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145 | table of the given device.</para>
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146 |
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147 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
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148 | <para id="fsck.cramfs"><command>fsck.cramfs</command> performs a consistency check on the
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149 | Cramfs file system on the given device.</para>
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150 |
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151 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix"><primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary></indexterm>
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152 | <para id="fsck.minix"><command>fsck.minix</command> performs a consistency check on the
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153 | Minix file system on the given device.</para>
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154 |
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155 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt"><primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary></indexterm>
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156 | <para id="getopt"><command>getopt</command> parses options in the given command line.</para>
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157 |
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158 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump"><primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary></indexterm>
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159 | <para id="hexdump"><command>hexdump</command> dumps the given file in hexadecimal, or
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160 | in another given format.</para>
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161 |
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162 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock"><primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary></indexterm>
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163 | <para id="hwclock"><command>hwclock</command> is used to read or set the system's
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164 | hardware clock, also called the RTC (Real-Time Clock) or BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) clock.</para>
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165 |
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166 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm"><primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary></indexterm>
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167 | <para id="ipcrm"><command>ipcrm</command> removes the given IPC resource.</para>
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168 |
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169 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs"><primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary></indexterm>
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170 | <para id="ipcs"><command>ipcs</command> provides IPC status information.</para>
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171 |
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172 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize"><primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary></indexterm>
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173 | <para id="isosize"><command>isosize</command> reports the size of an iso9660
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174 | file system.</para>
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175 |
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176 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux line"><primary sortas="b-line">line</primary></indexterm>
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177 | <para id="line"><command>line</command> copies a single line.</para>
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178 |
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179 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger"><primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary></indexterm>
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180 | <para id="logger"><command>logger</command> enters the given message into the system
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181 | log.</para>
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182 |
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183 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look"><primary sortas="b-look">look</primary></indexterm>
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184 | <para id="look"><command>look</command> displays lines that begin with the given
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185 | string.</para>
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186 |
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187 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup"><primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary></indexterm>
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188 | <para id="losetup"><command>losetup</command> is used to set up and control loop devices.</para>
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189 |
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190 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie"><primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary></indexterm>
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191 | <para id="mcookie"><command>mcookie</command> generates magic cookies, 128-bit random
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192 | hexadecimal numbers, for xauth.</para>
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193 |
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194 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary></indexterm>
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195 | <para id="mkfs"><command>mkfs</command> is used to build a file system on a device
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196 | (usually a hard disk partition).</para>
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197 |
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198 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary></indexterm>
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199 | <para id="mkfs.bfs"><command>mkfs.bfs</command> creates an SCO (Santa Cruz Operations) bfs file system.</para>
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200 |
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201 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary></indexterm>
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202 | <para id="mkfs.cramfs"><command>mkfs.cramfs</command> creates a cramfs file system.</para>
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203 |
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204 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix"><primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary></indexterm>
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205 | <para id="mkfs.minix"><command>mkfs.minix</command> creates a Minix file system.</para>
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206 |
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207 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap"><primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary></indexterm>
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208 | <para id="mkswap"><command>mkswap</command> initializes the given device or file to be
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209 | used as a swap area.</para>
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210 |
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211 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more"><primary sortas="b-more">more</primary></indexterm>
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212 | <para id="more"><command>more</command> is a filter for paging through text one
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213 | screen full at a time. But less is much better.</para>
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214 |
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215 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount"><primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary></indexterm>
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216 | <para id="mount"><command>mount</command> attaches the file system on the given device
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217 | to a specified directory (thus hiding the contents of that directory) in the file-system tree.</para>
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218 |
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219 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei"><primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary></indexterm>
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220 | <para id="namei"><command>namei</command> shows the symbolic links in the given
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221 | pathnames.</para>
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222 |
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223 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg"><primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary></indexterm>
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224 | <para id="pg"><command>pg</command> displays a text file one screen full at a
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225 | time.</para>
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226 |
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227 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root"><primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary></indexterm>
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228 | <para id="pivot_root"><command>pivot_root</command> makes the given file system the new
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229 | root file system of the current process.</para>
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230 |
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231 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ramsize"><primary sortas="b-ramsize">ramsize</primary></indexterm>
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232 | <para id="ramsize"><command>ramsize</command> is used to set the size of the
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233 | RAM disk in a bootable image.</para>
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234 |
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235 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rdev"><primary sortas="b-rdev">rdev</primary></indexterm>
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236 | <para id="rdev"><command>rdev</command> is used to query and set the root
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237 | device and other things in a bootable image.</para>
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238 |
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239 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile"><primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary></indexterm>
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240 | <para id="readprofile"><command>readprofile</command> reads kernel profiling information.</para>
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241 |
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242 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename"><primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary></indexterm>
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243 | <para id="rename"><command>rename</command> renames the given files, replacing a given
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244 | string with another.</para>
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245 |
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246 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice"><primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary></indexterm>
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247 | <para id="renice"><command>renice</command> is used to alter the priority of running
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248 | processes.</para>
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249 |
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250 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev"><primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary></indexterm>
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251 | <para id="rev"><command>rev</command> reverses the lines of a given file.</para>
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252 |
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253 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rootflags"><primary sortas="b-rootflags">rootflags</primary></indexterm>
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254 | <para id="rootflags"><command>rootflags</command> is used to set the rootflags
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255 | in a bootable image.</para>
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256 |
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257 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script"><primary sortas="b-script">script</primary></indexterm>
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258 | <para id="script"><command>script</command> makes a typescript of a terminal
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259 | session, of everything printed to the terminal.</para>
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260 |
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261 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setfdprm"><primary sortas="b-setfdprm">setfdprm</primary></indexterm>
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262 | <para id="setfdprm"><command>setfdprm</command> sets user-provided floppy disk
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263 | parameters.</para>
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264 |
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265 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid"><primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary></indexterm>
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266 | <para id="setsid"><command>setsid</command> runs the given program in a new session.</para>
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267 |
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268 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm"><primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary></indexterm>
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269 | <para id="setterm"><command>setterm</command> is used to set terminal attributes.</para>
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270 |
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271 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk"><primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary></indexterm>
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272 | <para id="sfdisk"><command>sfdisk</command> is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
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273 |
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274 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapdev"><primary sortas="b-swapdev">swapdev</primary></indexterm>
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275 | <para id="swapdev"><command>swapdev</command> is used to set the swap device
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276 | in a bootable image.</para>
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277 |
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278 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff"><primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary></indexterm>
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279 | <para id="swapoff"><command>swapoff</command> disables devices and files for paging
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280 | and swapping.</para>
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281 |
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282 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon"><primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary></indexterm>
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283 | <para id="swapon"><command>swapon</command> enables devices and files for paging
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284 | and swapping.</para>
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285 |
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286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tunelp"><primary sortas="b-tunelp">tunelp</primary></indexterm>
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287 | <para id="tunelp"><command>tunelp</command> is used to tune the parameters of the
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288 | line printer.</para>
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289 |
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290 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul"><primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary></indexterm>
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291 | <para id="ul"><command>ul</command> is a filter for translating underscores into
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292 | escape sequences indicating underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
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293 |
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294 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount"><primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary></indexterm>
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295 | <para id="umount"><command>umount</command> disconnects a file system from the
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296 | system's file tree.</para>
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297 |
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298 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux vidmode"><primary sortas="b-vidmode">vidmode</primary></indexterm>
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299 | <para id="vidmode"><command>vidmode</command> could be used to set the video mode
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300 | in a bootable image.</para>
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301 |
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302 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis"><primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary></indexterm>
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303 | <para id="whereis"><command>whereis</command> reports the location of binary, the
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304 | source, and the manual page for the given command.</para>
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305 |
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306 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux write"><primary sortas="b-write">write</primary></indexterm>
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307 | <para id="write"><command>write</command> sends a message to the given user,
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308 | <emphasis>if</emphasis> that user has not disabled such messages.</para>
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309 |
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310 | </sect2>
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311 |
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312 |
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313 |
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314 | </sect1>
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