[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[673b0d8] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[8ef8304] | 7 |
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[6dfcfecc] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
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[8ef8304] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Creating Directories</title>
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| 12 |
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[36cb08f] | 13 | <para>It is time to create the full directory structure in the LFS file system.</para>
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[673b0d8] | 14 |
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[36cb08f] | 15 | <note><para>Some of the directories mentioned in this section may have
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| 16 | already been created earlier with explicit instructions, or when installing some
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[9b73f94] | 17 | packages. They are repeated below for completeness.</para></note>
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| 18 |
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[032dc4e8] | 19 | <para>Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set
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| 20 | required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:</para>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput></screen>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <para>Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by
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| 25 | issuing the following commands:</para>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
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| 28 | mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
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| 29 | mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
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[d7a9421] | 30 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
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| 31 | mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
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[d02c56d] | 32 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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[6dfcfecc] | 33 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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[83b720b] | 34 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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[032dc4e8] | 35 | mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
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| 36 | mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
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| 37 |
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| 38 | ln -sfv /run /var/run
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| 39 | ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
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[3dc9543] | 40 |
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[032dc4e8] | 41 | install -dv -m 0750 /root
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| 42 | install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen>
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[6dfcfecc] | 43 |
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| 44 | <para arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all">Required directories for multilib
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| 45 | support has already been created while previous installation steps.</para>
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[673b0d8] | 46 |
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[8ef8304] | 47 | <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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[36cb08f] | 48 | this is not desirable everywhere. In the commands above, two
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[8ef8304] | 49 | changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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| 50 | class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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| 51 | temporary files.</para>
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[81fd230] | 52 |
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[8ef8304] | 53 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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[36cb08f] | 54 | the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—just
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| 55 | like a normal user would do with his or her own home directory. The
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[8ef8304] | 56 | second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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| 57 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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| 58 | class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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| 59 | another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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[811d59db] | 60 | <quote>sticky bit</quote>, the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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[81fd230] | 61 |
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[8ef8304] | 62 | <sect2>
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| 63 | <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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[81fd230] | 64 |
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[36cb08f] | 65 | <para>This directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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[6bf3f58] | 66 | (FHS) (available at <ulink
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[1daca67] | 67 | url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
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[36cb08f] | 68 | the optional existence of additional directories such as <filename
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[83b720b] | 69 | class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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[36cb08f] | 70 | class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. In LFS, we create only the
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| 71 | directories that are really necessary. However, feel free to create more
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| 72 | directories, if you wish. </para>
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[81fd230] | 73 |
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[295e337] | 74 | <warning>
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| 75 | <para>
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[da6e70f] | 76 | The FHS does not mandate the existence of the directory
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[295e337] | 77 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename>, and the LFS editors
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[da6e70f] | 78 | have decided not to use it. For the instructions in LFS and BLFS to work correctly,
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| 79 | it is imperative that this directory be non-existent. From time to time you should
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| 80 | verify that it does not exist, because it is easy to create it
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| 81 | inadvertently, and this will probably break your system.
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[295e337] | 82 | </para>
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| 83 | </warning>
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| 84 |
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[8ef8304] | 85 | </sect2>
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[81fd230] | 86 |
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[673b0d8] | 87 | </sect1>
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