| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Creating Directories</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <para>It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system. Create
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| 14 | a standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
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| 17 | mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},srv,var}
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| 18 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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| 19 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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| 20 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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| 21 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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| 22 | install -dv -m 0750 /root
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| 23 | install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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| 24 |
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| 25 | mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
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| 26 | ln -sv /run /var/run
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| 27 | ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
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| 28 | mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <para arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all">Required directories for multilib
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| 31 | support has already been created while previous installation steps.</para>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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| 34 | this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
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| 35 | changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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| 36 | class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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| 37 | temporary files.</para>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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| 40 | the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
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| 41 | same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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| 42 | second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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| 43 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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| 44 | class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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| 45 | another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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| 46 | <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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| 47 |
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| 48 | <sect2>
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| 49 | <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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| 52 | (FHS) (available at <ulink
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| 53 | url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
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| 54 | the optional existence of some directories such as <filename
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| 55 | class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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| 56 | class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
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| 57 | directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
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| 58 | directories. </para>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | </sect2>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | </sect1>
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