1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
---|
2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
---|
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
---|
5 | %general-entities;
|
---|
6 | ]>
|
---|
7 |
|
---|
8 | <sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
|
---|
9 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
|
---|
10 |
|
---|
11 | <title>Creating Directories</title>
|
---|
12 |
|
---|
13 | <para>It is time to create the full directory structure in the LFS file system.</para>
|
---|
14 |
|
---|
15 | <note><para>Some of the directories mentioned in this section may have
|
---|
16 | already been created earlier with explicit instructions, or when installing some
|
---|
17 | packages. They are repeated below for completeness.</para></note>
|
---|
18 |
|
---|
19 | <para>Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set
|
---|
20 | required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:</para>
|
---|
21 |
|
---|
22 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput></screen>
|
---|
23 |
|
---|
24 | <para>Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by
|
---|
25 | issuing the following commands:</para>
|
---|
26 |
|
---|
27 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
|
---|
28 | mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
|
---|
29 | mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
|
---|
30 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
|
---|
31 | mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
|
---|
32 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
|
---|
33 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
|
---|
34 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
|
---|
35 | mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
|
---|
36 | mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
|
---|
37 |
|
---|
38 | ln -sfv /run /var/run
|
---|
39 | ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
|
---|
40 |
|
---|
41 | install -dv -m 0750 /root
|
---|
42 | install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen>
|
---|
43 |
|
---|
44 | <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
|
---|
45 | this is not desirable everywhere. In the commands above, two
|
---|
46 | changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
|
---|
47 | class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
|
---|
48 | temporary files.</para>
|
---|
49 |
|
---|
50 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
|
---|
51 | the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—just
|
---|
52 | like a normal user would do with his or her own home directory. The
|
---|
53 | second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
|
---|
54 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
|
---|
55 | class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
|
---|
56 | another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
|
---|
57 | <quote>sticky bit</quote>, the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
|
---|
58 |
|
---|
59 | <sect2>
|
---|
60 | <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
|
---|
61 |
|
---|
62 | <para>This directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
|
---|
63 | (FHS) (available at <ulink
|
---|
64 | url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
|
---|
65 | the optional existence of additional directories such as <filename
|
---|
66 | class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
|
---|
67 | class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. In LFS, we create only the
|
---|
68 | directories that are really necessary. However, feel free to create more
|
---|
69 | directories, if you wish. </para>
|
---|
70 |
|
---|
71 | <warning>
|
---|
72 | <para>
|
---|
73 | The FHS does not mandate the existence of the directory
|
---|
74 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename>, and the LFS editors
|
---|
75 | have decided not to use it. For the instructions in LFS and BLFS to work correctly,
|
---|
76 | it is imperative that this directory be non-existent. From time to time you should
|
---|
77 | verify that it does not exist, because it is easy to create it
|
---|
78 | inadvertently, and this will probably break your system.
|
---|
79 | </para>
|
---|
80 | </warning>
|
---|
81 |
|
---|
82 | </sect2>
|
---|
83 |
|
---|
84 | </sect1>
|
---|