[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
---|
[1770019] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
---|
| 4 | %general-entities;
|
---|
| 5 | ]>
|
---|
[3be4d97] | 6 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
[bce08ef] | 7 | <title>Creating the /etc/hosts File</title>
|
---|
[673b0d8] | 8 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
|
---|
| 9 |
|
---|
[81fd230] | 10 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts"><primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
| 11 |
|
---|
| 12 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
| 13 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
|
---|
| 14 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
---|
| 15 |
|
---|
| 16 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
|
---|
| 17 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
|
---|
| 18 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
|
---|
| 19 |
|
---|
[c66cbd7] | 20 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
|
---|
[81fd230] | 21 | FQDN, and possible aliases for use in the
|
---|
| 22 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
|
---|
| 23 |
|
---|
| 24 | <screen><IP address> myhost.example.org aliases</screen>
|
---|
| 25 |
|
---|
[c66cbd7] | 26 | <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
|
---|
[81fd230] | 27 | there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
|
---|
| 28 | addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
|
---|
| 29 | address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
|
---|
| 30 | are:</para>
|
---|
| 31 |
|
---|
| 32 | <screen> Class Networks
|
---|
| 33 | A 10.0.0.0
|
---|
[c66cbd7] | 34 | B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.255
|
---|
| 35 | C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255</screen>
|
---|
[81fd230] | 36 |
|
---|
| 37 | <para>A valid IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
|
---|
| 38 | IP could be www.linuxfromscratch.org (not recommended because this is
|
---|
| 39 | a valid registered domain address and could cause domain name server
|
---|
| 40 | issues).</para>
|
---|
| 41 |
|
---|
| 42 | <para>Even if not using a network card, an FQDN is still required.
|
---|
| 43 | This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
|
---|
| 44 |
|
---|
| 45 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
---|
[b822811] | 46 |
|
---|
[f67f5cf] | 47 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 48 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
|
---|
[b08f409] | 49 |
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 50 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
|
---|
| 51 | <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable>
|
---|
[b08f409] | 52 |
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 53 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
|
---|
[f67f5cf] | 54 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[b822811] | 55 |
|
---|
[81fd230] | 56 | <para>The <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> and
|
---|
| 57 | <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable>
|
---|
| 58 | values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if
|
---|
| 59 | assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
|
---|
| 60 | machine will be connected to an existing network).</para>
|
---|
| 61 |
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 62 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
|
---|
[9762eb7] | 63 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
|
---|
[b822811] | 64 |
|
---|
[f67f5cf] | 65 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 66 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
|
---|
[b08f409] | 67 |
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 68 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> localhost
|
---|
[b08f409] | 69 |
|
---|
[d72e04a] | 70 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
|
---|
[f67f5cf] | 71 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[b08f409] | 72 |
|
---|
| 73 | </sect1>
|
---|
[81fd230] | 74 |
|
---|