1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE section [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng"
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7 | xml:id="ch-scripts-hosts">
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8 | <info><title>Creating the /etc/hosts file</title></info>
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts"><primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary></indexterm>
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12 |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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14 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
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15 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
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16 |
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17 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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18 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
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19 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
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20 |
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21 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, you have to decide on the
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22 | IP-address, FQDN and possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The
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23 | syntax is:</para>
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24 |
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25 | <screen><IP address> myhost.example.org aliases</screen>
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26 |
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27 | <para>Unless your computer is to be visible to the Internet (e.g., you have a
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28 | registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses - most of us don't
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29 | have this) you should make sure that the IP-address is in the private network
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30 | IP-address range. Valid ranges are:</para>
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31 |
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32 | <screen> Class Networks
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33 | A 10.0.0.0
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34 | B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.0
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35 | C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.0</screen>
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36 |
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37 | <para>A valid IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this IP could
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38 | be www.linuxfromscratch.org (not recommended as this is a valid registered domain
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39 | address and could cause your domain name server problems).</para>
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40 |
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41 | <para>If you aren't going to use a network card, you still need to
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42 | come up with a FQDN. This is necessary for certain programs to operate
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43 | correctly.</para>
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44 |
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45 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
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46 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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47 |
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48 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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49 | # Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
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50 |
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51 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable>[<value of HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[value of HOSTNAME]</replaceable> localhost
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52 |
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53 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)
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54 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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55 |
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56 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, create the
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57 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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58 |
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59 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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60 | # Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
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61 |
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62 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
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63 | <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> <replaceable>[<value of HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[value of HOSTNAME]</replaceable>
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64 |
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65 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)
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66 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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67 |
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68 | <para>Of course, the <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> and <replaceable>[<value of HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable>
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69 | have to be changed to your liking (or requirements if assigned an IP-address
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70 | by a network/system administrator and this machine is planned to be connected
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71 | to an existing network).</para>
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72 |
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73 | </section>
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