1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
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12 |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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14 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
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15 | </indexterm>
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16 |
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17 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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18 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
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19 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
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20 |
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21 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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22 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
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23 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
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24 |
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25 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
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26 | fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
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27 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
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28 |
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29 | <screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
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30 |
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31 | <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
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32 | there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
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33 | addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
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34 | address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
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35 | are:</para>
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36 |
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37 | <screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
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38 | 10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
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39 | 172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
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40 | 192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
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41 |
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42 | <para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in
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43 | the range 0-255.</para>
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44 |
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45 | <para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
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46 | IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
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47 |
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48 | <para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
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49 | This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
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50 |
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51 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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52 |
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53 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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54 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
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55 |
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56 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
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57 | <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
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58 |
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59 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
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60 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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61 |
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62 | <para>The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> and
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63 | <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable>
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64 | values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if
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65 | assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
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66 | machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias
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67 | name(s) can be omitted.</para>
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68 |
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69 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
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70 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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71 |
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72 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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73 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
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74 |
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75 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
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76 |
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77 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
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78 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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79 |
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80 | </sect1>
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