1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
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7 | <title>Creating the /etc/hosts File</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts"><primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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13 | <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
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14 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
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15 |
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16 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
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17 | <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
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18 | <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
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19 |
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20 | <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
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21 | FQDN, and possible aliases for use in the
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22 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
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23 |
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24 | <screen><IP address> myhost.example.org aliases</screen>
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25 |
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26 | <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
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27 | there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
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28 | addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
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29 | address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
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30 | are:</para>
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31 |
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32 | <screen> Class Networks
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33 | A 10.0.0.0
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34 | B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.255
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35 | C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255</screen>
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36 |
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37 | <para>A valid IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
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38 | IP could be www.linuxfromscratch.org (not recommended because this is
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39 | a valid registered domain address and could cause domain name server
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40 | issues).</para>
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41 |
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42 | <para>Even if not using a network card, an FQDN is still required.
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43 | This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
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44 |
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45 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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46 |
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47 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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48 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
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49 |
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50 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
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51 | <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable>
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52 |
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53 | # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
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54 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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55 |
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56 | <para>The <replaceable>[192.168.1.1]</replaceable> and
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57 | <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable>
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58 | values need to be changed for specific users or requirements (if
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59 | assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
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60 | machine will be connected to an existing network).</para>
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61 |
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62 | <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
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63 | <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
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64 |
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65 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
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66 | <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
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67 |
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68 | 127.0.0.1 <replaceable>[<HOSTNAME>.example.org]</replaceable> <replaceable>[HOSTNAME]</replaceable> localhost
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69 |
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70 | # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
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71 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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72 |
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73 | </sect1>
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74 |
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