[7152faa] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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[fcc02767] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-tools-kernfs">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="kernfs.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-tools-kernfs">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="e-/dev/">/dev/*</primary>
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| 15 | </indexterm>
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| 16 |
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[7ae2811] | 17 | <para>Applications running in userspace utilize various file
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[ebecd08] | 18 | systems created by the kernel to communicate
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[29526d3] | 19 | with the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual: no disk
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[ebecd08] | 20 | space is used for them. The content of these file systems resides in
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[a8f3814a] | 21 | memory. These file systems must be mounted in the $LFS directory tree
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| 22 | so the applications can find them in the chroot environment.</para>
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[fcc02767] | 23 |
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[ebecd08] | 24 | <para>Begin by creating the directories on which these virtual file systems will be
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[fcc02767] | 25 | mounted:</para>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput></screen>
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| 28 |
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[bfab1b2] | 29 | <sect2 id="ch-tools-bindmount">
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[fcc02767] | 30 | <title>Mounting and Populating /dev</title>
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| 31 |
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[ebecd08] | 32 | <para>During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically
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[0058818] | 33 | mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>
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[ebecd08] | 34 | file system on the
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[0058818] | 35 | <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel
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[ebecd08] | 36 | creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process,
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[0058818] | 37 | or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may
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[ebecd08] | 38 | change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the
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| 39 | kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of
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| 40 | distro maintainers and system administrators. (See
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[0058818] | 41 | <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.)
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| 42 | If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a
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| 43 | &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely
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[2f9498af] | 44 | on the kernel to populate it.</para>
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[0058818] | 45 |
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[ebecd08] | 46 | <para>But some host kernels lack &devtmpfs; support; these
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| 47 | host distros use different methods to create the content of
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| 48 | <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>.
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| 49 | So the only host-agnostic way to populate the
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| 50 | <filename class="directory">$LFS/dev</filename> directory is
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| 51 | by bind mounting the host system's
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[940c8495] | 52 | <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. A bind mount is
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[9407694] | 53 | a special type of mount that makes a directory subtree or a file
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| 54 | visible at some other location. Use the following
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[ebecd08] | 55 | command to do this.</para>
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[fcc02767] | 56 |
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| 57 | <screen><userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput></screen>
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| 58 |
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| 59 | </sect2>
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| 60 |
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[bfab1b2] | 61 | <sect2 id="ch-tools-kernfsmount">
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[fcc02767] | 62 | <title>Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems</title>
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| 63 |
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[ebecd08] | 64 | <para>Now mount the remaining virtual kernel file systems:</para>
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[fcc02767] | 65 |
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| 66 | <screen><userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
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| 67 | mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
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| 68 | mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
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| 69 | mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput></screen>
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[387a32af] | 70 | <!--
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[fcc02767] | 71 | <variablelist>
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| 72 | <title>The meaning of the mount options for devpts:</title>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <varlistentry>
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| 75 | <term><parameter>gid=5</parameter></term>
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| 76 | <listitem>
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| 77 | <para>This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes are owned by
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| 78 | group ID 5. This is the ID we will use later on for the <systemitem
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| 79 | class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group. We use the group ID instead
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| 80 | of a name, since the host system might use a different ID for its
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| 81 | <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group.</para>
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| 82 | </listitem>
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| 83 | </varlistentry>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <varlistentry>
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| 86 | <term><parameter>mode=0620</parameter></term>
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| 87 | <listitem>
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| 88 | <para>This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes have mode 0620
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| 89 | (user readable and writable, group writable). Together with the
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| 90 | option above, this ensures that devpts will create device nodes that
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| 91 | meet the requirements of grantpt(), meaning the Glibc
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| 92 | <command>pt_chown</command> helper binary (which is not installed by
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| 93 | default) is not necessary.</para>
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| 94 | </listitem>
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| 95 | </varlistentry>
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| 96 |
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| 97 | </variablelist>
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[387a32af] | 98 | -->
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[fcc02767] | 99 | <para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a
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[8cf42d4] | 100 | symbolic link to a directory, typically
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| 101 | <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>.
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[2c8fdfc] | 102 | The /run tmpfs was mounted above so in this case only a
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[fcc02767] | 103 | directory needs to be created.</para>
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| 104 |
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[29526d3] | 105 | <para>In other host systems <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a mount point
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[16cd0963] | 106 | for a tmpfs. In that case the mount of /dev above will only create
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[29526d3] | 107 | /dev/shm as a directory in the chroot environment. In this situation
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| 108 | we must explicitly mount a tmpfs:</para>
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[16cd0963] | 109 |
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[fcc02767] | 110 | <screen><userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
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[8cf42d4] | 111 | mkdir -pv $LFS$(realpath /dev/shm)
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[16cd0963] | 112 | else
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[e0a9427] | 113 | mount -vt tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
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[fcc02767] | 114 | fi</userinput></screen>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | </sect2>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | </sect1>
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