[fcc02767] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-tools-kernfs">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="kernfs.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-tools-kernfs">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="e-/dev/">/dev/*</primary>
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| 15 | </indexterm>
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| 16 |
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[29526d3] | 17 | <para>Applications running in user space utilize various file
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| 18 | systems exported by the kernel to communicate
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| 19 | with the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual: no disk
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[fcc02767] | 20 | space is used for them. The content of the file systems resides in
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[a8f3814a] | 21 | memory. These file systems must be mounted in the $LFS directory tree
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| 22 | so the applications can find them in the chroot environment.</para>
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[fcc02767] | 23 |
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[29526d3] | 24 | <para>Begin by creating directories on which the file systems will be
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[fcc02767] | 25 | mounted:</para>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput></screen>
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| 28 |
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[bfab1b2] | 29 | <sect2 id="ch-tools-bindmount">
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[fcc02767] | 30 | <title>Mounting and Populating /dev</title>
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| 31 |
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[940c8495] | 32 | <para>During a normal boot, the kernel automatically mounts the
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| 33 | <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> filesystem on the
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[29526d3] | 34 | <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the
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| 35 | devices are created dynamically on that virtual filesystem when they
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| 36 | are first detected or accessed. Device creation is generally done during the
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| 37 | boot process by the kernel and the udev program.
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| 38 | Since the new system does not yet include udev and
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[940c8495] | 39 | has not yet been booted, it is necessary to mount and populate
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[29526d3] | 40 | the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory manually. This is
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[940c8495] | 41 | accomplished by bind mounting the host system's
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| 42 | <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. A bind mount is
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| 43 | a special type of mount that allows you to create a mirror of a
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[29526d3] | 44 | directory or mount point at some other location. Use the following
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| 45 | command to do this:</para>
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[fcc02767] | 46 |
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| 47 | <screen><userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput></screen>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | </sect2>
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| 50 |
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[bfab1b2] | 51 | <sect2 id="ch-tools-kernfsmount">
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[fcc02767] | 52 | <title>Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems</title>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <para>Now mount the remaining virtual kernel filesystems:</para>
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| 55 |
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| 56 | <screen><userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
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| 57 | mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
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| 58 | mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
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| 59 | mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput></screen>
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[387a32af] | 60 | <!--
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[fcc02767] | 61 | <variablelist>
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| 62 | <title>The meaning of the mount options for devpts:</title>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <varlistentry>
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| 65 | <term><parameter>gid=5</parameter></term>
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| 66 | <listitem>
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| 67 | <para>This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes are owned by
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| 68 | group ID 5. This is the ID we will use later on for the <systemitem
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| 69 | class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group. We use the group ID instead
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| 70 | of a name, since the host system might use a different ID for its
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| 71 | <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group.</para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | </varlistentry>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <varlistentry>
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| 76 | <term><parameter>mode=0620</parameter></term>
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| 77 | <listitem>
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| 78 | <para>This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes have mode 0620
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| 79 | (user readable and writable, group writable). Together with the
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| 80 | option above, this ensures that devpts will create device nodes that
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| 81 | meet the requirements of grantpt(), meaning the Glibc
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| 82 | <command>pt_chown</command> helper binary (which is not installed by
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| 83 | default) is not necessary.</para>
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| 84 | </listitem>
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| 85 | </varlistentry>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | </variablelist>
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[387a32af] | 88 | -->
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[fcc02767] | 89 | <para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a
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| 90 | symbolic link to <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>.
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[2c8fdfc] | 91 | The /run tmpfs was mounted above so in this case only a
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[fcc02767] | 92 | directory needs to be created.</para>
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| 93 |
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[29526d3] | 94 | <para>In other host systems <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a mount point
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[16cd0963] | 95 | for a tmpfs. In that case the mount of /dev above will only create
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[29526d3] | 96 | /dev/shm as a directory in the chroot environment. In this situation
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| 97 | we must explicitly mount a tmpfs:</para>
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[16cd0963] | 98 |
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[fcc02767] | 99 | <screen><userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
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| 100 | mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
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[16cd0963] | 101 | else
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| 102 | mount -t tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
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[fcc02767] | 103 | fi</userinput></screen>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | </sect2>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | </sect1>
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