[b32e803] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[1770019] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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[b32e803] | 3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 4 | %general-entities;
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| 5 | ]>
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| 6 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-profile">
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| 7 | <title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
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| 8 | <?dbhtml filename="profile.html"?>
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| 9 |
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[81fd230] | 10 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-profile"><primary sortas="e-/etc/profile">/etc/profile</primary></indexterm>
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[f67f5cf] | 11 |
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[81fd230] | 12 | <para>The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (hereafter
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| 13 | referred to as <quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup
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| 14 | files to help create an environment to run in. Each file has a
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[4ccba55] | 15 | specific use and may affect login and interactive environments
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[81fd230] | 16 | differently. The files in the <filename
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| 17 | class="directory">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings.
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| 18 | If an equivalent file exists in the home directory, it may override
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| 19 | the global settings.</para>
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login,
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| 22 | using <command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the
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| 23 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An interactive non-login shell
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| 24 | is started at the command-line (e.g.,
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| 25 | <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A
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| 26 | non-interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is
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| 27 | running. It is non-interactive because it is processing a script and
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| 28 | not waiting for user input between commands.</para>
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| 29 |
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[cce9fef] | 30 | <para>For more information, see <command>info bash</command> under the
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| 31 | <emphasis>Bash Startup Files and Interactive Shells</emphasis> section.</para>
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[81fd230] | 32 |
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| 33 | <para>The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and
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| 34 | <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is
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| 35 | invoked as an interactive login shell.</para>
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| 36 |
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[cce9fef] | 37 | <para>The base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some
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[81fd230] | 38 | environment variables necessary for native language support. Setting
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| 39 | them properly results in:</para>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <itemizedlist>
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| 42 | <listitem><para>The output of programs translated into the native
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| 43 | language</para></listitem>
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[b568bbaf] | 44 | <listitem><para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and
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| 45 | other classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept
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| 46 | non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales</para></listitem>
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[81fd230] | 47 | <listitem><para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the
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| 48 | country</para></listitem>
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| 49 | <listitem><para>Appropriate default paper size</para></listitem>
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| 50 | <listitem><para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date
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| 51 | values</para></listitem>
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| 52 | </itemizedlist>
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| 53 |
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[c5ec23b] | 54 | <para>This script also sets the <envar>INPUTRC</envar> environment variable that
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| 55 | makes Bash and Readline use the <filename>/etc/inputrc</filename> file created
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| 56 | earlier.</para>
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[81fd230] | 57 |
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| 58 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the
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| 59 | two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
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| 60 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the
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[411697d] | 61 | appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>).
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| 62 | <replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> should be replaced with the
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| 63 | canonical charmap for your chosen locale.</para>
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[81fd230] | 64 |
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| 65 | <para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running
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| 66 | the following command:</para>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <screen><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
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| 69 |
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[411697d] | 70 | <para>Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> is
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| 71 | also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.
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| 72 | Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly, so it is safest
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| 73 | to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine the
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| 74 | canonical name, run the following command, where
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| 75 | <replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> is the output given by
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| 76 | <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale
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| 77 | (<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> in our example).</para>
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| 78 |
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| 79 | <screen><userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput></screen>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <para>For the <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> locale, the above command
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| 82 | will print:</para>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | <screen>ISO-8859-1</screen>
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| 85 |
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| 86 | <para>This results in in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>.</para>
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| 87 |
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[81fd230] | 88 | <para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the
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| 89 | <filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:</para>
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[f67f5cf] | 90 |
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[b32e803] | 91 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
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[d72e04a] | 92 | <literal># Begin /etc/profile
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[b32e803] | 93 |
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[411697d] | 94 | export LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>.<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable>
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[b32e803] | 95 | export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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| 96 |
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[d72e04a] | 97 | # End /etc/profile</literal>
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[b32e803] | 98 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 99 |
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[81fd230] | 100 | <note><para>The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US</quote>
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| 101 | (the recommended one for United States English users) locales are
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| 102 | different.</para></note>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and
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| 105 | locale-related environment variables are the only internationalization
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| 106 | steps needed to support locales that use ordinary single-byte
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| 107 | encodings and left-to-right writing direction. More complex cases
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| 108 | (including UTF-8 based locales) require additional steps and
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| 109 | additional patches because many applications tend to not work properly
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| 110 | under such conditions. These steps and patches are not included in
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[cce9fef] | 111 | the LFS book and such locales are not yet supported by LFS.</para>
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[81fd230] | 112 |
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[b32e803] | 113 | </sect1>
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[81fd230] | 114 |
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