1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-profile">
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7 | <title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="profile.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <para>The shell program <filename>/bin/bash</filename> (hereafter
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11 | referred to as just "the shell") uses a collection of startup files to
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12 | help create an environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and
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13 | may affect login and interactive environments differently. The files in
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14 | the <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory generally provide global
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15 | settings. If an equivalent file exists in your home directory it may
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16 | override the global settings.
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17 | </para>
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18 |
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19 | <para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using
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20 | <filename>/bin/login</filename>, by reading the
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21 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An
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22 | interactive non-login shell is started at the command-line (e.g.
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23 | <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A non-interactive
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24 | shell is usually present when a shell script is running. It is non-interactive
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25 | because it is processing a script and not waiting for user input between
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26 | commands.</para>
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27 |
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28 | <para>For more information see <command>info bash</command> --
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29 | <emphasis role="strong">Nodes: Bash Startup Files and Interactive
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30 | Shells.</emphasis></para>
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31 |
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32 | <para>The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and
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33 | <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is invoked
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34 | as an interactive login shell.</para>
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35 |
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36 | <para>A base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> created below only sets some
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37 | environment variables necessary for Bash to accept keystrokes properly,
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38 | even in non-English locale. Replace "ll" with the
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39 | two-letter code for your language (e.g. "en") and
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40 | "CC" with the two-letter code for your country
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41 | (e.g. "GB"). Also you may need to specify
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42 | (and this is actually the preferred form) your
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43 | character encoding (e.g. "iso8859-1") after a dot (so that the result
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44 | is "en_GB.iso8859-1").
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45 | Issue the following command for more information:</para>
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46 |
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47 | <screen><userinput>man 3 setlocale</userinput></screen>
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48 |
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49 | <para>The list of all locales supported by glibc can be obtained by running
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50 | the following command:</para>
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51 |
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52 | <screen><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
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53 |
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54 | <para>Now, when you are sure about your locale settings, create the
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55 | <filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:</para>
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56 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
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57 | # Begin /etc/profile
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58 | # Written for Linux From Scratch
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59 | # by Alexander E. Patrakov
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60 |
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61 | export LC_ALL=ll_CC
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62 | export LANG=ll_CC
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63 | export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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64 |
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65 | # End /etc/profile
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66 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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67 |
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68 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout,
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69 | the screen font and the locale-related environment variables
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70 | are the only internationalization steps needed to support
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71 | locales that use ordinary single-byte encodings and left-to-right
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72 | writing direction. More complex cases (including UTF-8 based locales)
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73 | require additional steps and additional patches because many applications
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74 | tend to break in such conditions. Because of too little educational
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75 | value for a typical reader, these steps and patches are not included
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76 | in the LFS book and such locales are not supported by LFS in any way.
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77 | </para>
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78 | </sect1>
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