1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-profile">
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7 | <title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="profile.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-profile"><primary sortas="e-/etc/profile">/etc/profile</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <para>The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (hereafter
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13 | referred to as just <quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup files to
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14 | help create an environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and
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15 | may affect login and interactive environments differently. The files in
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16 | the <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory generally provide global
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17 | settings. If an equivalent file exists in your home directory it may
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18 | override the global settings.
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19 | </para>
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20 |
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21 | <para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using
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22 | <command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the
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23 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An
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24 | interactive non-login shell is started at the command-line (e.g.,
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25 | <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A non-interactive
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26 | shell is usually present when a shell script is running. It is non-interactive
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27 | because it is processing a script and not waiting for user input between
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28 | commands.</para>
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29 |
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30 | <para>For more information see <command>info bash</command> --
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31 | <emphasis role="strong">Nodes: Bash Startup Files and Interactive
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32 | Shells.</emphasis></para>
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33 |
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34 | <para>The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and
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35 | <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is invoked
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36 | as an interactive login shell.</para>
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37 |
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38 | <para>A base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> created below sets some
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39 | environment variables necessary for native language support. By setting them
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40 | properly, you get:
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41 | </para>
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42 | <itemizedlist>
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43 | <listitem><para>the output of programs translated into your native
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44 | language;</para></listitem>
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45 | <listitem><para>correct classification of characters into letters, digits and
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46 | other classes - this is necessary for Bash to accept non-ASCII characters
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47 | in command lines properly in non-English locales;</para></listitem>
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48 | <listitem><para>the alphabetical sorting order correct for your
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49 | country;</para></listitem>
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50 | <listitem><para>good default paper size;</para></listitem>
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51 | <listitem><para>correct formatting of monetary, time and date
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52 | values.</para></listitem>
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53 | </itemizedlist>
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54 |
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55 | <para>This script also sets the INPUTRC environment variable that makes
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56 | <application>Bash</application> and <application>Readline</application> use
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57 | the <filename>/etc/inputrc</filename> file we created earlier.</para>
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58 |
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59 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the
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60 | two-letter code for your language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
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61 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for your country
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62 | (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>). Also you may need to specify
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63 | (and this is actually the preferred form) your
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64 | character encoding (e.g. <quote>iso8859-1</quote>) after a dot
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65 | (so that the result is <quote>en_GB.iso8859-1</quote>).
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66 | Issue the following command for more information:</para>
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67 |
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68 | <screen><userinput>man 3 setlocale</userinput></screen>
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69 |
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70 | <para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running
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71 | the following command:</para>
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72 |
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73 | <screen><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
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74 |
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75 | <para>Now, when you are sure about your locale settings, create the
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76 | <filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:</para>
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77 |
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78 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
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79 | # Begin /etc/profile
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80 |
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81 | export LC_ALL=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>
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82 | export LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>
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83 | export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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84 |
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85 | # End /etc/profile
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86 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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87 |
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88 | <note><para>The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US</quote>
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89 | (the recommended one for US English users) locales are
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90 | different.</para></note>
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91 |
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92 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout,
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93 | the screen font and the locale-related environment variables
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94 | are the only internationalization steps needed to support
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95 | locales that use ordinary single-byte encodings and left-to-right
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96 | writing direction. More complex cases (including UTF-8 based locales)
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97 | require additional steps and additional patches because many applications
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98 | tend to break in such conditions. Because of too little educational
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99 | value for a typical reader, these steps and patches are not included
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100 | in the LFS book and such locales are not supported by LFS in any way.
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101 | </para>
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102 | </sect1>
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