1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-sysd-custom">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="sysd-custom.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Systemd Usage and Confiuration</title>
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12 |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-sysd-custom">
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14 | <primary sortas="e-Systemd">Systemd Customization</primary>
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15 | </indexterm>
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16 |
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17 | <sect2>
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18 | <title>Basic Configuration</title>
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19 |
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20 | <para>The <filename>/etc/systemd/system.conf</filename> file contains a set
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21 | of items to control basic operations. The default file has all entries
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22 | commented out with the default settings indicated. This file is where the
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23 | log level may be changed as well as some basic journal settings.</para>
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24 |
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25 | </sect2>
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26 |
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27 | <sect2>
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28 | <title>Disabling Screen Clearing at Boot Time</title>
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29 |
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30 | <para>The normal behavior for systemd is to clear the secreen at
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31 | the end of the boot sequence. If desired, this behavior may be
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32 | changed by the following:</para>
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33 |
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34 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d
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35 |
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36 | cat > /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf << EOF
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37 | [Service]
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38 | TTYVTDisallocate=no
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39 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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40 |
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41 | <para>The boot messages can always be revied by using the
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42 | <userinput>journalctl -b</userinput> command as the root user.</para>
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43 |
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44 | </sect2>
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45 |
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46 | <sect2>
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47 | <title>Disabling tmpfs for /tmp </title>
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48 |
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49 | <para>By default, <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> is created as
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50 | a tmpfs. If this is not desired, it can be overridden by the following:</para>
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51 |
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52 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount</userinput></screen>
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53 |
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54 | <para>This is not necessary if there is a separate partition for /tmp
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55 | specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.</para>
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56 | </sect2>
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57 |
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58 | <sect2>
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59 | <title>Configuring Automatic File Creation and Deletion</title>
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60 |
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61 | <para>There are several services that create or delete files or
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62 | directories:</para>
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63 |
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64 | <itemizedlist>
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65 | <listitem><para>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</para></listitem>
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66 | <listitem><para>systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service</para></listitem>
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67 | <listitem><para>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</para></listitem>
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68 | </itemizedlist>
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69 |
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70 | <para>The system location for the configuration files is
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71 | <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>. The local
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72 | configuration files are in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>.
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73 | Files in /etc/tmpfiles.d override files with the same name in
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74 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. See <userinput>man tmpfiles.d</userinput>
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75 | for file format details.</para>
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76 |
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77 | </sect2>
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78 |
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79 | <sect2>
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80 | <title>Adding Custom Units and Services</title>
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81 |
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82 | <para>A custom service can be added by creating a directory and
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83 | configuration file in <filename class="directory">/etc/systemd/system/</filename>.
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84 | For example:</para>
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85 |
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86 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d
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87 |
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88 | cat > /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/foobar.conf << EOF
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89 | [Service]
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90 | Restart=always
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91 | RestartSec=30
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92 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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93 |
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94 | <para>See the man page for systemd.unit for more information. After
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95 | creating the configuration file, run <userinput>systemctl
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96 | daemon-reload</userinput> and <userinput>systemctl restart
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97 | foobar</userinput> to activate a service or changes to a service.</para>
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98 |
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99 | </sect2>
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100 |
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101 | <sect2 id="ch-scripts-systemd-console">
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102 | <title>Setting Console Fonts and Keyboard</title>
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103 |
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104 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-systemd-console">
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105 | <primary sortas="d-console">systemd console</primary>
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106 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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107 | </indexterm>
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108 |
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109 | <para>This section discusses how to configure the
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110 | <command>systemd-vconsole-setup</command> system service, which configures
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111 | the virtual console font and console keymap.</para>
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112 |
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113 | <para>The <command>systemd-vconsole-setup</command> service reads the
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114 | <filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename> file for configuration
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115 | information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various
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116 | language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink
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117 | url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>.
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118 | Examine <command>localectl list-keymaps</command> output for a list of
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119 | valid console keymaps. Look in
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120 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename>
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121 | directory for valid screen fonts.</para>
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122 |
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123 | <para>The <filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename> file should contain lines
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124 | of the form: VARIABLE="value". The following variables are recognized:</para>
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125 |
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126 | <variablelist>
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127 |
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128 | <varlistentry>
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129 | <term>KEYMAP</term>
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130 | <listitem>
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131 | <para>This variable specifies the key mapping table for the keyboard. If
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132 | unset, it defaults to <literal>us</literal>.</para>
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133 | </listitem>
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134 | </varlistentry>
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135 |
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136 | <varlistentry>
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137 | <term>KEYMAP_TOGGLE</term>
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138 | <listitem>
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139 | <para>This variable can be used to configure a second toggle keymap and
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140 | is unset by default.</para>
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141 | </listitem>
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142 | </varlistentry>
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143 | <varlistentry>
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144 | <term>FONT</term>
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145 | <listitem>
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146 | <para>This variable specifies the font used by the virtual
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147 | console.</para>
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148 | </listitem>
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149 | </varlistentry>
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150 | <varlistentry>
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151 | <term>FONT_MAP</term>
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152 | <listitem>
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153 | <para>This variable specifies the console map to be used.</para>
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154 | </listitem>
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155 | </varlistentry>
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156 |
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157 | <varlistentry>
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158 | <term>FONT_UNIMAP</term>
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159 | <listitem>
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160 | <para>This variable specifies the unicode font map.</para>
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161 | </listitem>
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162 | </varlistentry>
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163 |
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164 | </variablelist>
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165 |
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166 | <para>An example for a German keyboard and console is given below:</para>
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167 |
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168 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/vconsole.conf << "EOF"
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169 | <literal>KEYMAP=de-latin1
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170 | FONT=Lat2-Terminus16</literal>
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171 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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172 |
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173 | <para>You can change KEYMAP value at runtime by using the
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174 | <command>localectl</command> utility:</para>
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175 |
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176 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>localectl set-keymap MAP</userinput></screen>
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177 |
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178 | <note><para>Please note that <command>localectl</command> command can
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179 | be used only on a system booted with Systemd.</para></note>
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180 |
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181 | </sect2>
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182 |
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183 | <sect2>
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184 | <title>Clock Configuration</title>
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185 |
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186 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-clock">
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187 | <primary sortas="d-clock">clock</primary>
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188 | <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
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189 |
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190 | <para>This section discusses how to configure the
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191 | <command>systemd-timedated</command> system service, which configures
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192 | system clock and timezone.</para>
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193 |
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194 | <para><command>systemd-timedated</command> reads
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195 | <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename>, and depending on the contents of the file,
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196 | it sets the clock to either UTC or local time. Create the
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197 | <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> file with the following contents <emphasis>if your
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198 | hardware clock is set to local time</emphasis>:</para>
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199 |
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200 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/adjtime << "EOF"
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201 | <literal>0.0 0 0.0
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202 | 0
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203 | LOCAL</literal>
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204 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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205 |
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206 | <para>If <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> isn't present at first boot,
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207 | <command>systemd-timedated</command> will assume that hardware clock is
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208 | set to UTC and create the file using that setting.</para>
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209 |
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210 | <para>You can also use the <command>timedatectl</command> utility to tell
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211 | <command>systemd-timedated</command> if your hardware clock is set to
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212 | UTC or local time:</para>
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213 |
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214 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-local-rtc 1</userinput></screen>
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215 |
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216 | <para><command>timedatectl</command> can also be used to change system time and
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217 | time zone.</para>
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218 |
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219 | <para>To change your current system time, issue:</para>
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220 |
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221 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-time YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS</userinput></screen>
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222 |
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223 | <para>Hardware clock will also be updated accordingly.</para>
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224 |
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225 | <para>To change your current time zone, issue:</para>
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226 |
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227 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-timezone TIMEZONE</userinput></screen>
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228 |
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229 | <para>You can get list of available time zones by running:</para>
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230 |
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231 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl list-timezones</userinput></screen>
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232 |
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233 | <note><para>The <command>timedatectl</command> command can
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234 | be used only on a system booted with Systemd.</para></note>
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235 |
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236 | </sect2>
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237 |
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238 | <sect2>
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239 | <title>Debugging the Boot Sequence</title>
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240 |
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241 | <para>There are several commands that can be used to help debug the systemd
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242 | boot process. Here are some examples:</para>
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243 |
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244 | <itemizedlist>
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245 | <listitem><para>systemctl list-units -t service [--all]</para></listitem>
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246 | <listitem><para>systemctl list-units -t target [--all]</para></listitem>
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247 | <listitem><para>systemctl show -p Wants multi-user.target</para></listitem>
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248 | <listitem><para>systemctl status sshd.service</para></listitem>
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249 | </itemizedlist>
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250 |
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251 | </sect2>
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252 |
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253 | </sect1>
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