[7152faa] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[673b0d8] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[92474b45] | 7 |
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[81fd230] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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[92474b45] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[e747759] | 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>binutils</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&binutils-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[92474b45] | 17 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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[673b0d8] | 25 |
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[92474b45] | 26 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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| 27 | tools for handling object files.</para>
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[6370fa6] | 28 |
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[92474b45] | 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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[5888299] | 32 |
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[92474b45] | 33 | <seglistitem>
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[fb386e0] | 34 | <seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
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[92474b45] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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[a001133] | 38 |
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[92474b45] | 39 | </sect2>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 42 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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| 43 |
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[d672ab7] | 44 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
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[f1dd547] | 45 | in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 46 |
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[f1dd547] | 47 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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| 48 | cd build</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 49 |
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[92474b45] | 50 | <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 51 |
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[e123025] | 52 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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[1b11115] | 53 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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[e123025] | 54 | --enable-gold \
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| 55 | --enable-ld=default \
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| 56 | --enable-plugins \
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| 57 | --enable-shared \
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| 58 | --disable-werror \
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[869b0966] | 59 | --enable-64-bit-bfd \
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[6e6641f] | 60 | --enable-new-dtags \
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[6fec3f5] | 61 | --with-system-zlib \
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| 62 | --enable-default-hash-style=gnu</userinput></screen>
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| 63 |
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[512c848] | 64 | <variablelist>
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[6fec3f5] | 65 | <title>The meaning of the new configure parameters:</title>
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[512c848] | 66 |
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[e123025] | 67 | <varlistentry>
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| 68 | <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
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| 69 | <listitem>
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[651f491] | 70 | <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (alongside the
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[e123025] | 71 | default linker).</para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | </varlistentry>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <varlistentry>
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| 76 | <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
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| 77 | <listitem>
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[5609769] | 78 | <para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
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[e123025] | 79 | default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
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| 80 | </listitem>
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| 81 | </varlistentry>
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| 82 |
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[512c848] | 83 | <varlistentry>
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| 84 | <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
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| 85 | <listitem>
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| 86 | <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
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| 87 | </listitem>
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| 88 | </varlistentry>
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[869b0966] | 89 |
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[512c848] | 90 | <varlistentry>
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| 91 | <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
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| 92 | <listitem>
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[651f491] | 93 | <para>Use the installed zlib library instead of building the
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[512c848] | 94 | included version.</para>
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| 95 | </listitem>
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| 96 | </varlistentry>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | </variablelist>
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[73aedd1d] | 99 |
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[92474b45] | 100 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 101 |
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[0445a3d] | 102 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 103 |
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[92474b45] | 104 | <variablelist>
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| 105 | <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <varlistentry>
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| 108 | <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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| 109 | <listitem>
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| 110 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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| 111 | ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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| 112 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
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[6e88633] | 113 | example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
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[1f28ed12] | 114 | class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
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[92474b45] | 115 | a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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| 116 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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| 117 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
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[651f491] | 118 | used if the system were used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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[92474b45] | 119 | package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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| 120 | on PowerPC machines).</para>
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| 121 | </listitem>
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| 122 | </varlistentry>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | </variablelist>
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| 125 |
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| 126 | <important>
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| 127 | <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
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| 128 | Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
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| 129 | </important>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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[81fd230] | 132 |
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[42130d6] | 133 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
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[075d35fb] | 134 |
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[ceb61b9] | 135 | <para>For a list of failed tests, run:</para>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <screen><userinput remap="test">grep '^FAIL:' $(find -name '*.log')</userinput></screen>
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| 138 |
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[651f491] | 139 | <para>Twelve tests fail in the gold test suite when the
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[63c2e8b] | 140 | <option>--enable-default-pie</option> and
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[2d215b5] | 141 | <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> options are passed to GCC.</para>
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[10d7c7a8] | 142 |
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[cdf280e] | 143 | <!-- <para>Three tests in the gprofng suite are also known to fail.</para>-->
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[be5b2e0] | 144 |
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[92474b45] | 145 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 146 |
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[bca4876] | 147 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 148 |
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[8ada78d] | 149 | <para>Remove useless static libraries:</para>
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[cd152f22] | 150 |
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[f0b518a] | 151 | <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,gprofng,opcodes,sframe}.a</userinput></screen>
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[cd152f22] | 152 |
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[92474b45] | 153 | </sect2>
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| 154 |
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| 155 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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| 156 | <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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| 157 |
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| 158 | <segmentedlist>
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| 159 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 160 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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[fe05b08] | 161 | <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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[92474b45] | 162 |
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| 163 | <seglistitem>
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[8a687fa] | 164 | <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, gprofng, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
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[3119ddc] | 165 | objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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[f0b518a] | 166 | <seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, libgprofng.so,
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| 167 | libopcodes.so, and libsframe.so</seg>
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[fe05b08] | 168 | <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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[92474b45] | 169 | </seglistitem>
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| 170 | </segmentedlist>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <variablelist>
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| 173 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 174 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 175 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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| 178 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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| 179 | <listitem>
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| 180 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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| 181 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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| 182 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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| 183 | number are associated with the address</para>
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| 184 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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| 185 | <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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| 186 | </indexterm>
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| 187 | </listitem>
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| 188 | </varlistentry>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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| 191 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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| 192 | <listitem>
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| 193 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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| 194 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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| 195 | <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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| 196 | </indexterm>
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| 197 | </listitem>
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| 198 | </varlistentry>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | <varlistentry id="as">
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| 201 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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| 202 | <listitem>
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| 203 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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| 204 | into object files</para>
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| 205 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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| 206 | <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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| 207 | </indexterm>
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| 208 | </listitem>
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| 209 | </varlistentry>
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| 210 |
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| 211 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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| 212 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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| 213 | <listitem>
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| 214 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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| 215 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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| 216 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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| 217 | <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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| 218 | </indexterm>
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| 219 | </listitem>
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| 220 | </varlistentry>
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| 221 |
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[78cc3be] | 222 | <varlistentry id="dwp">
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| 223 | <term><command>dwp</command></term>
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| 224 | <listitem>
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| 225 | <para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
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| 226 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
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| 227 | <primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
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| 228 | </indexterm>
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| 229 | </listitem>
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| 230 | </varlistentry>
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| 231 |
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[3119ddc] | 232 | <varlistentry id="elfedit">
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| 233 | <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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| 234 | <listitem>
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[651f491] | 235 | <para>Updates the ELF headers of ELF files</para>
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[3119ddc] | 236 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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| 237 | <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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| 238 | </indexterm>
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| 239 | </listitem>
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| 240 | </varlistentry>
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| 241 |
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[92474b45] | 242 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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| 243 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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| 244 | <listitem>
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| 245 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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| 246 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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| 247 | <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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| 248 | </indexterm>
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| 249 | </listitem>
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| 250 | </varlistentry>
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| 251 |
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[8a687fa] | 252 | <varlistentry id="gprofng">
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| 253 | <term><command>gprofng</command></term>
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| 254 | <listitem>
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[651f491] | 255 | <para>Gathers and analyzes performance data</para>
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[8a687fa] | 256 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprofng">
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| 257 | <primary sortas="b-gprofng">gprofng</primary>
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| 258 | </indexterm>
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| 259 | </listitem>
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| 260 | </varlistentry>
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| 261 |
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[92474b45] | 262 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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| 263 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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| 264 | <listitem>
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| 265 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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| 266 | into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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| 267 | references</para>
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| 268 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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| 269 | <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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| 270 | </indexterm>
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| 271 | </listitem>
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| 272 | </varlistentry>
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| 273 |
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[98d9003] | 274 | <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
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| 275 | <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
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| 276 | <listitem>
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[d672ab7] | 277 | <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
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[98d9003] | 278 | elf object file format</para>
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| 279 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
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| 280 | <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
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| 281 | </indexterm>
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| 282 | </listitem>
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| 283 | </varlistentry>
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| 284 |
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[3119ddc] | 285 | <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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| 286 | <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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| 287 | <listitem>
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[651f491] | 288 | <para>A hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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[3119ddc] | 289 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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| 290 | <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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| 291 | </indexterm>
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| 292 | </listitem>
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| 293 | </varlistentry>
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| 294 |
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[92474b45] | 295 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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| 296 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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| 297 | <listitem>
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| 298 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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| 299 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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| 300 | <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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| 301 | </indexterm>
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| 302 | </listitem>
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| 303 | </varlistentry>
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| 304 |
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| 305 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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| 306 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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| 307 | <listitem>
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| 308 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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| 309 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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| 310 | <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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| 311 | </indexterm>
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| 312 | </listitem>
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| 313 | </varlistentry>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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| 316 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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| 317 | <listitem>
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| 318 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
|
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| 319 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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| 320 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
|
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| 321 | tools</para>
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| 322 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
|
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| 323 | <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
|
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| 324 | </indexterm>
|
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| 325 | </listitem>
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| 326 | </varlistentry>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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| 329 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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| 330 | <listitem>
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| 331 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
|
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| 332 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
|
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| 333 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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| 334 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
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| 335 | <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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| 336 | </indexterm>
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| 337 | </listitem>
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| 338 | </varlistentry>
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| 339 |
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| 340 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
|
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| 341 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
|
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| 342 | <listitem>
|
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| 343 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
|
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| 344 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
|
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| 345 | <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
|
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| 346 | </indexterm>
|
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| 347 | </listitem>
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| 348 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 349 |
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| 350 | <varlistentry id="size">
|
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| 351 | <term><command>size</command></term>
|
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| 352 | <listitem>
|
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| 353 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
|
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| 354 | object files</para>
|
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| 355 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
|
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| 356 | <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
|
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| 357 | </indexterm>
|
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| 358 | </listitem>
|
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| 359 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 360 |
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| 361 | <varlistentry id="strings">
|
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| 362 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
|
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| 363 | <listitem>
|
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| 364 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
|
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| 365 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
|
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| 366 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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| 367 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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| 368 | scans the entire file</para>
|
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| 369 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
|
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| 370 | <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
|
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| 371 | </indexterm>
|
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| 372 | </listitem>
|
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| 373 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 374 |
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| 375 | <varlistentry id="strip">
|
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| 376 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
|
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| 377 | <listitem>
|
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| 378 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
|
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| 379 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
|
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| 380 | <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
|
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| 381 | </indexterm>
|
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| 382 | </listitem>
|
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| 383 | </varlistentry>
|
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[7bb9fda] | 384 |
|
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[92474b45] | 385 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
|
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| 386 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
|
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| 387 | <listitem>
|
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| 388 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
|
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| 389 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
|
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| 390 | <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
|
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| 391 | </indexterm>
|
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| 392 | </listitem>
|
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| 393 | </varlistentry>
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| 394 |
|
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[90af5870] | 395 | <varlistentry id="libctf">
|
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| 396 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
|
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| 397 | <listitem>
|
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| 398 | <para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
|
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| 399 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
|
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| 400 | <primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
|
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| 401 | </indexterm>
|
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| 402 | </listitem>
|
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| 403 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 404 |
|
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| 405 | <varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
|
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| 406 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
|
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| 407 | <listitem>
|
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| 408 | <para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
|
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| 409 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
|
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| 410 | <primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
|
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| 411 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 412 | </listitem>
|
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| 413 | </varlistentry>
|
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[f0b518a] | 414 |
|
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| 415 | <varlistentry id="libgprofng">
|
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| 416 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgprofng</filename></term>
|
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| 417 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 418 | <para>A library containing most routines used by
|
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| 419 | <command>gprofng</command></para>
|
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| 420 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libgprofng">
|
---|
| 421 | <primary sortas="c-libgprofng">libgprofng</primary>
|
---|
| 422 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 423 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 424 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[90af5870] | 425 |
|
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[92474b45] | 426 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
|
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| 427 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
|
---|
| 428 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 429 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
|
---|
| 430 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
|
---|
| 431 | it is used for building utilities like
|
---|
[afba93b] | 432 | <command>objdump</command></para>
|
---|
[92474b45] | 433 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
|
---|
| 434 | <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
|
---|
| 435 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 436 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 437 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 438 |
|
---|
[3b6f5e2] | 439 | <varlistentry id="libsframe">
|
---|
| 440 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsframe</filename></term>
|
---|
| 441 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 442 | <para>A library to support online backtracing using a
|
---|
[ea0bc1e] | 443 | simple unwinder</para>
|
---|
[3b6f5e2] | 444 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libsframe">
|
---|
| 445 | <primary sortas="c-libsframe">libsframe</primary>
|
---|
| 446 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 447 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 448 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 449 |
|
---|
[92474b45] | 450 | </variablelist>
|
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| 451 |
|
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| 452 | </sect2>
|
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[673b0d8] | 453 |
|
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| 454 | </sect1>
|
---|