source: chapter08/binutils.xml@ 3c830838

xry111/arm64 xry111/arm64-12.0
Last change on this file since 3c830838 was 3c830838, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 2 years ago

arm64: document binutils test failures

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 15.7 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>binutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&binutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
27 tools for handling object files.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
43
44 <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
45 environment by performing a simple test:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para>This command should output the following:</para>
50
51<screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
52
53 <para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
54 is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
55 running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
56
57<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
58Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
59<!-- Fixed in binutils-2.39
60 <para>
61 Now make a fix identified upstream that affects building some packages:
62 </para>
63
64<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/R_386_TLS_LE /i \ || (TYPE) == R_386_TLS_IE \\' \
65 -i ./bfd/elfxx-x86.h</userinput></screen>
66-->
67 <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
68 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
71cd build</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
74
75<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
76 --sysconfdir=/etc \
77 --enable-gold \
78 --enable-ld=default \
79 --enable-plugins \
80 --enable-shared \
81 --disable-werror \
82 --enable-64-bit-bfd \
83 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
84 <variablelist>
85 <title>The meaning of the configure parameters:</title>
86
87 <varlistentry>
88 <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
89 <listitem>
90 <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (along side the
91 default linker).</para>
92 </listitem>
93 </varlistentry>
94
95 <varlistentry>
96 <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
97 <listitem>
98 <para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
99 default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
100 </listitem>
101 </varlistentry>
102
103 <varlistentry>
104 <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
105 <listitem>
106 <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
107 </listitem>
108 </varlistentry>
109
110 <varlistentry>
111 <term><parameter>--enable-64-bit-bfd</parameter></term>
112 <listitem>
113 <para>Enables 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes).
114 May not be needed on 64-bit systems, but does no harm.</para>
115 </listitem>
116 </varlistentry>
117
118 <varlistentry>
119 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
120 <listitem>
121 <para>Use the installed zlib library rather than building the
122 included version.</para>
123 </listitem>
124 </varlistentry>
125
126 </variablelist>
127
128 <para>Compile the package:</para>
129
130<screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
131
132 <variablelist>
133 <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
134
135 <varlistentry>
136 <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
137 <listitem>
138 <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
139 ultimately be located) is set to <filename
140 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
141 example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
142 class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
143 a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
144 class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
145 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
146 used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
147 package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
148 on PowerPC machines).</para>
149 </listitem>
150 </varlistentry>
151
152 </variablelist>
153
154 <important>
155 <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
156 Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
157 </important>
158
159 <para>Test the results:</para>
160
161<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
162
163 <para>
164 Some gprofng tests depend on hardware and may fail on AArch64.
165 <!-- Happens for me with -j24, not sure if it's aarch64-only -->
166 Some GAS tests may fail if the test is run parallelly due to a race
167 condition.
168 </para>
169
170 <para>Install the package:</para>
171
172<screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
173
174 <para>Remove useless static libraries:</para>
175
176<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.a</userinput></screen>
177
178 </sect2>
179
180 <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
181 <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
182
183 <segmentedlist>
184 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
185 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
186 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
187
188 <seglistitem>
189 <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, gprofng, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
190 objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
191 <seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, and libopcodes.so</seg>
192 <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
193 </seglistitem>
194 </segmentedlist>
195
196 <variablelist>
197 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
198 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
199 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
200
201 <varlistentry id="addr2line">
202 <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
203 <listitem>
204 <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
205 given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
206 information in the executable to determine which source file and line
207 number are associated with the address</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
209 <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry id="ar">
215 <term><command>ar</command></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
219 <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
220 </indexterm>
221 </listitem>
222 </varlistentry>
223
224 <varlistentry id="as">
225 <term><command>as</command></term>
226 <listitem>
227 <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
228 into object files</para>
229 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
230 <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
231 </indexterm>
232 </listitem>
233 </varlistentry>
234
235 <varlistentry id="c-filt">
236 <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
237 <listitem>
238 <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
239 overloaded functions from clashing</para>
240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
241 <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
242 </indexterm>
243 </listitem>
244 </varlistentry>
245
246 <varlistentry id="dwp">
247 <term><command>dwp</command></term>
248 <listitem>
249 <para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
250 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
251 <primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
252 </indexterm>
253 </listitem>
254 </varlistentry>
255
256 <varlistentry id="elfedit">
257 <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
258 <listitem>
259 <para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
261 <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
262 </indexterm>
263 </listitem>
264 </varlistentry>
265
266 <varlistentry id="gprof">
267 <term><command>gprof</command></term>
268 <listitem>
269 <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
271 <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="gprofng">
277 <term><command>gprofng</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Gather and analyze performance data</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprofng">
281 <primary sortas="b-gprofng">gprofng</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="ld">
287 <term><command>ld</command></term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
290 into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
291 references</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
293 <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
299 <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
302 elf object file format</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
304 <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
310 <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
313 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
314 <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
315 </indexterm>
316 </listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry id="nm">
320 <term><command>nm</command></term>
321 <listitem>
322 <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
324 <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="objcopy">
330 <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
334 <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="objdump">
340 <term><command>objdump</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
343 controlling the particular information to display; the information
344 shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
345 tools</para>
346 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
347 <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
348 </indexterm>
349 </listitem>
350 </varlistentry>
351
352 <varlistentry id="ranlib">
353 <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
354 <listitem>
355 <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
356 in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
357 members that are relocatable object files</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
359 <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="readelf">
365 <term><command>readelf</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
369 <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="size">
375 <term><command>size</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
378 object files</para>
379 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
380 <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
381 </indexterm>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384
385 <varlistentry id="strings">
386 <term><command>strings</command></term>
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
389 characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
390 four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
391 the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
392 scans the entire file</para>
393 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
394 <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
395 </indexterm>
396 </listitem>
397 </varlistentry>
398
399 <varlistentry id="strip">
400 <term><command>strip</command></term>
401 <listitem>
402 <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
403 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
404 <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
405 </indexterm>
406 </listitem>
407 </varlistentry>
408
409 <varlistentry id="libbfd">
410 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
413 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
414 <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
415 </indexterm>
416 </listitem>
417 </varlistentry>
418
419 <varlistentry id="libctf">
420 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
424 <primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
430 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
434 <primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
440 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>A library for dealing with opcodes&mdash;the <quote>readable
443 text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
444 it is used for building utilities like
445 <command>objdump</command></para>
446 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
447 <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449 </listitem>
450 </varlistentry>
451
452 </variablelist>
453
454 </sect2>
455
456</sect1>
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.