| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>binutils</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&binutils-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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| 27 | tools for handling object files.</para>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <seglistitem>
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| 34 | <seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
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| 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | </sect2>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 42 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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| 45 | environment by performing a simple test:</para>
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| 46 |
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| 47 | <screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <para>This command should output the following:</para>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
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| 54 | is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
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| 55 | running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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| 58 | Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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| 59 | <!-- Fixed in binutils-2.39
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| 60 | <para>
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| 61 | Now make a fix identified upstream that affects building some packages:
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| 62 | </para>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/R_386_TLS_LE /i \ || (TYPE) == R_386_TLS_IE \\' \
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| 65 | -i ./bfd/elfxx-x86.h</userinput></screen>
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| 66 | -->
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| 67 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
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| 68 | in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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| 71 | cd build</userinput></screen>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 76 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 77 | --enable-gold \
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| 78 | --enable-ld=default \
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| 79 | --enable-plugins \
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| 80 | --enable-shared \
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| 81 | --disable-werror \
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| 82 | --enable-64-bit-bfd \
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| 83 | --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
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| 84 | <variablelist>
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| 85 | <title>The meaning of the configure parameters:</title>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | <varlistentry>
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| 88 | <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
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| 89 | <listitem>
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| 90 | <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (along side the
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| 91 | default linker).</para>
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| 92 | </listitem>
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| 93 | </varlistentry>
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| 94 |
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| 95 | <varlistentry>
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| 96 | <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
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| 97 | <listitem>
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| 98 | <para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
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| 99 | default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
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| 100 | </listitem>
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| 101 | </varlistentry>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <varlistentry>
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| 104 | <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
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| 105 | <listitem>
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| 106 | <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
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| 107 | </listitem>
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| 108 | </varlistentry>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <varlistentry>
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| 111 | <term><parameter>--enable-64-bit-bfd</parameter></term>
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| 112 | <listitem>
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| 113 | <para>Enables 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes).
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| 114 | May not be needed on 64-bit systems, but does no harm.</para>
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| 115 | </listitem>
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| 116 | </varlistentry>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <varlistentry>
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| 119 | <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
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| 120 | <listitem>
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| 121 | <para>Use the installed zlib library rather than building the
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| 122 | included version.</para>
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| 123 | </listitem>
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| 124 | </varlistentry>
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| 125 |
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| 126 | </variablelist>
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| 127 |
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| 128 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <variablelist>
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| 133 | <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <varlistentry>
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| 136 | <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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| 137 | <listitem>
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| 138 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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| 139 | ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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| 140 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
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| 141 | example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
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| 142 | class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
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| 143 | a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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| 144 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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| 145 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
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| 146 | used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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| 147 | package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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| 148 | on PowerPC machines).</para>
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| 149 | </listitem>
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| 150 | </varlistentry>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | </variablelist>
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| 153 |
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| 154 | <important>
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| 155 | <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
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| 156 | Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
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| 157 | </important>
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| 158 |
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| 159 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <para>Twelve tests fail in the <command>gold</command> testsuite when the
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| 164 | <option>--enable-default-pie</option> and
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| 165 | <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> options are passed to GCC.
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| 166 | <!-- Caused by egrep deprecation. Note that we don't "patch" temp grep.
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| 167 | And it seems unworthy to add a sed into temp grep just for one test
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| 168 | failure. (I don't really agree to "patch" grep in the first place,
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| 169 | anyway.) -->
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| 170 | The test named <filename>ar with versioned solib</filename> is also
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| 171 | known to fail.</para>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <para>Remove useless static libraries and an empty man page:</para>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.a
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| 180 | rm -fv /usr/share/man/man1/gprofng.1</userinput></screen>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | </sect2>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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| 185 | <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <segmentedlist>
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| 188 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 189 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 190 | <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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| 191 |
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| 192 | <seglistitem>
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| 193 | <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, gprofng, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
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| 194 | objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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| 195 | <seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, and libopcodes.so</seg>
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| 196 | <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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| 197 | </seglistitem>
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| 198 | </segmentedlist>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | <variablelist>
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| 201 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 202 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 203 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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| 206 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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| 207 | <listitem>
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| 208 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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| 209 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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| 210 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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| 211 | number are associated with the address</para>
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| 212 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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| 213 | <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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| 214 | </indexterm>
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| 215 | </listitem>
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| 216 | </varlistentry>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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| 219 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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| 220 | <listitem>
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| 221 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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| 222 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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| 223 | <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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| 224 | </indexterm>
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| 225 | </listitem>
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| 226 | </varlistentry>
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| 227 |
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| 228 | <varlistentry id="as">
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| 229 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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| 230 | <listitem>
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| 231 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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| 232 | into object files</para>
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| 233 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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| 234 | <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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| 235 | </indexterm>
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| 236 | </listitem>
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| 237 | </varlistentry>
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| 238 |
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| 239 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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| 240 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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| 241 | <listitem>
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| 242 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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| 243 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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| 244 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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| 245 | <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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| 246 | </indexterm>
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| 247 | </listitem>
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| 248 | </varlistentry>
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| 249 |
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| 250 | <varlistentry id="dwp">
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| 251 | <term><command>dwp</command></term>
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| 252 | <listitem>
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| 253 | <para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
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| 254 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
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| 255 | <primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
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| 256 | </indexterm>
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| 257 | </listitem>
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| 258 | </varlistentry>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <varlistentry id="elfedit">
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| 261 | <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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| 262 | <listitem>
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| 263 | <para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
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| 264 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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| 265 | <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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| 266 | </indexterm>
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| 267 | </listitem>
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| 268 | </varlistentry>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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| 271 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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| 272 | <listitem>
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| 273 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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| 274 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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| 275 | <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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| 276 | </indexterm>
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| 277 | </listitem>
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| 278 | </varlistentry>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <varlistentry id="gprofng">
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| 281 | <term><command>gprofng</command></term>
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| 282 | <listitem>
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| 283 | <para>Gather and analyze performance data</para>
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| 284 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprofng">
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| 285 | <primary sortas="b-gprofng">gprofng</primary>
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| 286 | </indexterm>
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| 287 | </listitem>
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| 288 | </varlistentry>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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| 291 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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| 292 | <listitem>
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| 293 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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| 294 | into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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| 295 | references</para>
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| 296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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| 297 | <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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| 298 | </indexterm>
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| 299 | </listitem>
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| 300 | </varlistentry>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
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| 303 | <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
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| 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
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| 306 | elf object file format</para>
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| 307 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
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| 308 | <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
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| 309 | </indexterm>
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| 310 | </listitem>
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| 311 | </varlistentry>
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| 312 |
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| 313 | <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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| 314 | <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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| 315 | <listitem>
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| 316 | <para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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| 317 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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| 318 | <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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| 319 | </indexterm>
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| 320 | </listitem>
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| 321 | </varlistentry>
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| 322 |
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| 323 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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| 324 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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| 325 | <listitem>
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| 326 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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| 327 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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| 328 | <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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| 329 | </indexterm>
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| 330 | </listitem>
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| 331 | </varlistentry>
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| 332 |
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| 333 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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| 334 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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| 335 | <listitem>
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| 336 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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| 337 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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| 338 | <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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| 339 | </indexterm>
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| 340 | </listitem>
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|---|
| 341 | </varlistentry>
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| 342 |
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| 343 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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| 344 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
|
|---|
| 345 | <listitem>
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|---|
| 346 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
|
|---|
| 347 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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| 348 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
|
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| 349 | tools</para>
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| 350 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
|
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| 351 | <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
|
|---|
| 352 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 353 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 354 | </varlistentry>
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|---|
| 355 |
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| 356 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
|
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| 357 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
|
|---|
| 358 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 359 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
|
|---|
| 360 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
|
|---|
| 361 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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| 362 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
|
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| 363 | <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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| 364 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 365 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 366 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 367 |
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| 368 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
|
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| 369 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
|
|---|
| 370 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 371 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
|
|---|
| 372 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
|
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| 373 | <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
|
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| 374 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 375 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 376 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 377 |
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| 378 | <varlistentry id="size">
|
|---|
| 379 | <term><command>size</command></term>
|
|---|
| 380 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 381 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
|
|---|
| 382 | object files</para>
|
|---|
| 383 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
|
|---|
| 384 | <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
|
|---|
| 385 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 386 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 387 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 388 |
|
|---|
| 389 | <varlistentry id="strings">
|
|---|
| 390 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
|
|---|
| 391 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 392 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
|
|---|
| 393 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
|
|---|
| 394 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
|
|---|
| 395 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
|
|---|
| 396 | scans the entire file</para>
|
|---|
| 397 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
|
|---|
| 398 | <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
|
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| 399 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 400 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 401 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 402 |
|
|---|
| 403 | <varlistentry id="strip">
|
|---|
| 404 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
|
|---|
| 405 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 406 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
|
|---|
| 407 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
|
|---|
| 408 | <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
|
|---|
| 409 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 410 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 411 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 412 |
|
|---|
| 413 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
|
|---|
| 414 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 415 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 416 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
|
|---|
| 417 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
|
|---|
| 418 | <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
|
|---|
| 419 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 420 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 421 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 422 |
|
|---|
| 423 | <varlistentry id="libctf">
|
|---|
| 424 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 425 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 426 | <para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
|
|---|
| 427 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
|
|---|
| 428 | <primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
|
|---|
| 429 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 430 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 431 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 432 |
|
|---|
| 433 | <varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
|
|---|
| 434 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 435 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 436 | <para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
|
|---|
| 437 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
|
|---|
| 438 | <primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
|
|---|
| 439 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 440 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 441 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 442 |
|
|---|
| 443 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
|
|---|
| 444 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 445 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 446 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
|
|---|
| 447 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
|
|---|
| 448 | it is used for building utilities like
|
|---|
| 449 | <command>objdump</command></para>
|
|---|
| 450 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
|
|---|
| 451 | <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
|
|---|
| 452 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 453 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 454 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 455 |
|
|---|
| 456 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 457 |
|
|---|
| 458 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 459 |
|
|---|
| 460 | </sect1>
|
|---|
