1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>binutils</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&binutils-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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27 | tools for handling object files.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <segmentedlist>
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30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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32 |
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33 | <seglistitem>
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34 | <seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
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35 | <seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
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36 | </seglistitem>
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37 | </segmentedlist>
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38 |
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39 | </sect2>
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40 |
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41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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42 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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43 |
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44 | <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
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45 | in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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46 |
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47 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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48 | cd build</userinput></screen>
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49 |
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50 | <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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51 |
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52 | <screen arch="default"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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53 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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54 | --enable-gold \
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55 | --enable-ld=default \
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56 | --enable-plugins \
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57 | --enable-shared \
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58 | --disable-werror \
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59 | --enable-64-bit-bfd \
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60 | --with-system-zlib \
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61 | --enable-default-hash-style=gnu</userinput></screen>
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62 | <screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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63 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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64 | --enable-gold \
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65 | --enable-ld=default \
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66 | --enable-plugins \
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67 | --enable-shared \
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68 | --disable-werror \
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69 | --enable-64-bit-bfd \
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70 | --with-system-zlib \
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71 | --enable-default-hash-style=gnu \
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72 | --enable-multilib</userinput></screen>
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73 |
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74 | <variablelist>
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75 | <title>The meaning of the new configure parameters:</title>
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76 |
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77 | <varlistentry>
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78 | <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
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79 | <listitem>
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80 | <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (alongside the
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81 | default linker).</para>
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82 | </listitem>
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83 | </varlistentry>
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84 |
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85 | <varlistentry>
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86 | <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
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87 | <listitem>
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88 | <para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
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89 | default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
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90 | </listitem>
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91 | </varlistentry>
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92 |
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93 | <varlistentry>
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94 | <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
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95 | <listitem>
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96 | <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
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97 | </listitem>
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98 | </varlistentry>
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99 |
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100 | <varlistentry>
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101 | <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
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102 | <listitem>
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103 | <para>Use the installed zlib library instead of building the
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104 | included version.</para>
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105 | </listitem>
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106 | </varlistentry>
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107 |
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108 | <varlistentry arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all">
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109 | <term><parameter>--enable-multilib</parameter></term>
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110 | <listitem>
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111 | <para>Enables multilib support in bintutils.</para>
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112 | </listitem>
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113 | </varlistentry>
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114 |
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115 | </variablelist>
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116 |
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117 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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118 |
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119 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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120 |
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121 | <variablelist>
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122 | <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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123 |
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124 | <varlistentry>
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125 | <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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126 | <listitem>
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127 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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128 | ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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129 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
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130 | example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
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131 | class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
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132 | a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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133 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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134 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
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135 | used if the system were used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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136 | package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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137 | on PowerPC machines).</para>
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138 | </listitem>
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139 | </varlistentry>
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140 |
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141 | </variablelist>
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142 |
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143 | <important>
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144 | <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
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145 | Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
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146 | </important>
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147 |
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148 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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149 |
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150 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
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151 |
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152 | <para>For a list of failed tests, run:</para>
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153 |
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154 | <screen><userinput remap="test">grep '^FAIL:' $(find -name '*.log')</userinput></screen>
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155 |
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156 | <para>Twelve tests fail in the gold test suite when the
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157 | <option>--enable-default-pie</option> and
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158 | <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> options are passed to GCC.</para>
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159 |
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160 | <para>Three tests in the gprofng suite are also known to fail.</para>
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161 |
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162 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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163 |
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164 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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165 |
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166 | <para>Remove useless static libraries:</para>
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167 |
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168 | <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,gprofng,opcodes,sframe}.a</userinput></screen>
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169 |
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170 | </sect2>
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171 |
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172 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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173 | <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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174 |
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175 | <segmentedlist>
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176 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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177 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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178 | <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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179 |
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180 | <seglistitem>
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181 | <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, gprofng, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
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182 | objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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183 | <seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, libgprofng.so,
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184 | libopcodes.so, and libsframe.so</seg>
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185 | <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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186 | </seglistitem>
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187 | </segmentedlist>
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188 |
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189 | <variablelist>
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190 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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191 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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192 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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193 |
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194 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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195 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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196 | <listitem>
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197 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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198 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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199 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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200 | number are associated with the address</para>
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201 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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202 | <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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203 | </indexterm>
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204 | </listitem>
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205 | </varlistentry>
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206 |
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207 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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208 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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209 | <listitem>
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210 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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211 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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212 | <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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213 | </indexterm>
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214 | </listitem>
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215 | </varlistentry>
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216 |
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217 | <varlistentry id="as">
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218 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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219 | <listitem>
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220 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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221 | into object files</para>
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222 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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223 | <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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224 | </indexterm>
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225 | </listitem>
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226 | </varlistentry>
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227 |
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228 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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229 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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230 | <listitem>
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231 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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232 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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233 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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234 | <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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235 | </indexterm>
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236 | </listitem>
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237 | </varlistentry>
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238 |
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239 | <varlistentry id="dwp">
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240 | <term><command>dwp</command></term>
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241 | <listitem>
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242 | <para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
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243 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
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244 | <primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
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245 | </indexterm>
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246 | </listitem>
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247 | </varlistentry>
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248 |
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249 | <varlistentry id="elfedit">
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250 | <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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251 | <listitem>
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252 | <para>Updates the ELF headers of ELF files</para>
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253 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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254 | <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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255 | </indexterm>
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256 | </listitem>
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257 | </varlistentry>
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258 |
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259 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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260 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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261 | <listitem>
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262 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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263 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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264 | <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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265 | </indexterm>
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266 | </listitem>
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267 | </varlistentry>
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268 |
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269 | <varlistentry id="gprofng">
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270 | <term><command>gprofng</command></term>
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271 | <listitem>
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272 | <para>Gathers and analyzes performance data</para>
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273 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprofng">
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274 | <primary sortas="b-gprofng">gprofng</primary>
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275 | </indexterm>
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276 | </listitem>
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277 | </varlistentry>
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278 |
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279 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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280 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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281 | <listitem>
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282 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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283 | into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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284 | references</para>
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285 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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286 | <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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287 | </indexterm>
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288 | </listitem>
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289 | </varlistentry>
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290 |
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291 | <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
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292 | <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
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293 | <listitem>
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294 | <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
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295 | elf object file format</para>
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296 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
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297 | <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
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298 | </indexterm>
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299 | </listitem>
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300 | </varlistentry>
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301 |
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302 | <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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303 | <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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304 | <listitem>
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305 | <para>A hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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306 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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307 | <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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308 | </indexterm>
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309 | </listitem>
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310 | </varlistentry>
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311 |
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312 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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313 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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314 | <listitem>
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315 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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316 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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317 | <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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318 | </indexterm>
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319 | </listitem>
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320 | </varlistentry>
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321 |
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322 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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323 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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324 | <listitem>
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325 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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326 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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327 | <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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328 | </indexterm>
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329 | </listitem>
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330 | </varlistentry>
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331 |
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332 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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333 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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334 | <listitem>
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335 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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336 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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337 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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338 | tools</para>
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339 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
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340 | <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
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341 | </indexterm>
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342 | </listitem>
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343 | </varlistentry>
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344 |
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345 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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346 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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347 | <listitem>
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348 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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349 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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350 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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351 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
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352 | <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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353 | </indexterm>
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354 | </listitem>
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355 | </varlistentry>
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356 |
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357 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
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358 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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361 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
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362 | <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
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363 | </indexterm>
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364 | </listitem>
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365 | </varlistentry>
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366 |
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367 | <varlistentry id="size">
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368 | <term><command>size</command></term>
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369 | <listitem>
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370 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
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371 | object files</para>
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372 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
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373 | <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
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374 | </indexterm>
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375 | </listitem>
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376 | </varlistentry>
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377 |
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378 | <varlistentry id="strings">
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379 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
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380 | <listitem>
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381 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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382 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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383 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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384 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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385 | scans the entire file</para>
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386 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
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387 | <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
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388 | </indexterm>
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389 | </listitem>
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390 | </varlistentry>
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391 |
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392 | <varlistentry id="strip">
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393 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
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394 | <listitem>
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395 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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396 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
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397 | <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
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398 | </indexterm>
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399 | </listitem>
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400 | </varlistentry>
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401 |
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402 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
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403 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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404 | <listitem>
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405 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
|
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406 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
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407 | <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
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408 | </indexterm>
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409 | </listitem>
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410 | </varlistentry>
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411 |
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412 | <varlistentry id="libctf">
|
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413 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
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414 | <listitem>
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415 | <para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
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416 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
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417 | <primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
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418 | </indexterm>
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419 | </listitem>
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420 | </varlistentry>
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421 |
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422 | <varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
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423 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
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424 | <listitem>
|
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425 | <para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
|
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426 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
|
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427 | <primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
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428 | </indexterm>
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429 | </listitem>
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430 | </varlistentry>
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431 |
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432 | <varlistentry id="libgprofng">
|
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433 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgprofng</filename></term>
|
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434 | <listitem>
|
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435 | <para>A library containing most routines used by
|
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436 | <command>gprofng</command></para>
|
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437 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libgprofng">
|
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438 | <primary sortas="c-libgprofng">libgprofng</primary>
|
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439 | </indexterm>
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440 | </listitem>
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441 | </varlistentry>
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442 |
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443 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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444 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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445 | <listitem>
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446 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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447 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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448 | it is used for building utilities like
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449 | <command>objdump</command></para>
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450 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
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451 | <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
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452 | </indexterm>
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453 | </listitem>
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454 | </varlistentry>
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455 |
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456 | <varlistentry id="libsframe">
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457 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsframe</filename></term>
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458 | <listitem>
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459 | <para>A library to support online backtracing using a
|
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460 | simple unwinder</para>
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461 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libsframe">
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462 | <primary sortas="c-libsframe">libsframe</primary>
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463 | </indexterm>
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464 | </listitem>
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465 | </varlistentry>
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466 |
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467 | </variablelist>
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468 |
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469 | </sect2>
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470 |
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471 | </sect1>
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