source: chapter08/binutils.xml@ 78817e1

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Last change on this file since 78817e1 was 78817e1, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 2 years ago

binutils: fix a typo

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>binutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&binutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
27 tools for handling object files.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
43
44 <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
45 environment by performing a simple test:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para>This command should output the following:</para>
50
51<screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
52
53 <para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
54 is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
55 running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
56
57<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
58Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
59<!-- Fixed in binutils-2.39
60 <para>
61 Now make a fix identified upstream that affects building some packages:
62 </para>
63
64<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/R_386_TLS_LE /i \ || (TYPE) == R_386_TLS_IE \\' \
65 -i ./bfd/elfxx-x86.h</userinput></screen>
66-->
67 <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
68 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
71cd build</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
74
75<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
76 --sysconfdir=/etc \
77 --enable-gold \
78 --enable-ld=default \
79 --enable-plugins \
80 --enable-shared \
81 --disable-werror \
82 --enable-64-bit-bfd \
83 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
84 <variablelist>
85 <title>The meaning of the configure parameters:</title>
86
87 <varlistentry>
88 <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
89 <listitem>
90 <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (along side the
91 default linker).</para>
92 </listitem>
93 </varlistentry>
94
95 <varlistentry>
96 <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
97 <listitem>
98 <para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
99 default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
100 </listitem>
101 </varlistentry>
102
103 <varlistentry>
104 <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
105 <listitem>
106 <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
107 </listitem>
108 </varlistentry>
109
110 <varlistentry>
111 <term><parameter>--enable-64-bit-bfd</parameter></term>
112 <listitem>
113 <para>Enables 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes).
114 May not be needed on 64-bit systems, but does no harm.</para>
115 </listitem>
116 </varlistentry>
117
118 <varlistentry>
119 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
120 <listitem>
121 <para>Use the installed zlib library rather than building the
122 included version.</para>
123 </listitem>
124 </varlistentry>
125
126 </variablelist>
127
128 <para>Compile the package:</para>
129
130<screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
131
132 <variablelist>
133 <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
134
135 <varlistentry>
136 <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
137 <listitem>
138 <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
139 ultimately be located) is set to <filename
140 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
141 example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
142 class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
143 a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
144 class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
145 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
146 used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
147 package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
148 on PowerPC machines).</para>
149 </listitem>
150 </varlistentry>
151
152 </variablelist>
153
154 <important>
155 <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
156 Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
157 </important>
158
159 <para>Test the results:</para>
160
161<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
162
163<para>Twelve tests fail in the <command>gold</command> testsuite when the
164 <option>--enable-default-pie</option> and
165 <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> options are passed to GCC. There
166 is also a known failure in the <command>as</command> tests.</para>
167 <!-- Fixed in 2.39
168 https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commit;h=01ae03b
169 <para>One gold test, <filename>pr17704a_test</filename>, is known to
170 fail if <parameter>CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION</parameter> is disabled in the
171 kernel configuration of the host system.</para>
172 -->
173 <para>Install the package:</para>
174
175<screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
176
177 <para>Remove useless static libraries and an empty man page:</para>
178
179<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.a
180rm -fv /usr/share/man/man1/gprofng.1</userinput></screen>
181
182 </sect2>
183
184 <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
185 <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
186
187 <segmentedlist>
188 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
189 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
190 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
191
192 <seglistitem>
193 <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, gprofng, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
194 objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
195 <seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, and libopcodes.so</seg>
196 <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
197 </seglistitem>
198 </segmentedlist>
199
200 <variablelist>
201 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
202 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
203 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
204
205 <varlistentry id="addr2line">
206 <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
207 <listitem>
208 <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
209 given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
210 information in the executable to determine which source file and line
211 number are associated with the address</para>
212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
213 <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
218 <varlistentry id="ar">
219 <term><command>ar</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
223 <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
224 </indexterm>
225 </listitem>
226 </varlistentry>
227
228 <varlistentry id="as">
229 <term><command>as</command></term>
230 <listitem>
231 <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
232 into object files</para>
233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
234 <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
235 </indexterm>
236 </listitem>
237 </varlistentry>
238
239 <varlistentry id="c-filt">
240 <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
241 <listitem>
242 <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
243 overloaded functions from clashing</para>
244 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
245 <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
246 </indexterm>
247 </listitem>
248 </varlistentry>
249
250 <varlistentry id="dwp">
251 <term><command>dwp</command></term>
252 <listitem>
253 <para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
254 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
255 <primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
256 </indexterm>
257 </listitem>
258 </varlistentry>
259
260 <varlistentry id="elfedit">
261 <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
262 <listitem>
263 <para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
265 <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
266 </indexterm>
267 </listitem>
268 </varlistentry>
269
270 <varlistentry id="gprof">
271 <term><command>gprof</command></term>
272 <listitem>
273 <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
275 <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
276 </indexterm>
277 </listitem>
278 </varlistentry>
279
280 <varlistentry id="gprofng">
281 <term><command>gprofng</command></term>
282 <listitem>
283 <para>Gather and analyze performance data</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprofng">
285 <primary sortas="b-gprofng">gprofng</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="ld">
291 <term><command>ld</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
294 into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
295 references</para>
296 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
297 <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
298 </indexterm>
299 </listitem>
300 </varlistentry>
301
302 <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
303 <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
304 <listitem>
305 <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
306 elf object file format</para>
307 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
308 <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
309 </indexterm>
310 </listitem>
311 </varlistentry>
312
313 <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
314 <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
315 <listitem>
316 <para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
318 <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="nm">
324 <term><command>nm</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
327 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
328 <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
329 </indexterm>
330 </listitem>
331 </varlistentry>
332
333 <varlistentry id="objcopy">
334 <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
338 <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="objdump">
344 <term><command>objdump</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
347 controlling the particular information to display; the information
348 shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
349 tools</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
351 <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="ranlib">
357 <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
360 in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
361 members that are relocatable object files</para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
363 <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="readelf">
369 <term><command>readelf</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
373 <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="size">
379 <term><command>size</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
382 object files</para>
383 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
384 <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
385 </indexterm>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388
389 <varlistentry id="strings">
390 <term><command>strings</command></term>
391 <listitem>
392 <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
393 characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
394 four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
395 the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
396 scans the entire file</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
398 <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="strip">
404 <term><command>strip</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
408 <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="libbfd">
414 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
418 <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="libctf">
424 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
427 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
428 <primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
429 </indexterm>
430 </listitem>
431 </varlistentry>
432
433 <varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
434 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
435 <listitem>
436 <para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
438 <primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
444 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>A library for dealing with opcodes&mdash;the <quote>readable
447 text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
448 it is used for building utilities like
449 <command>objdump</command></para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
451 <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 </variablelist>
457
458 </sect2>
459
460</sect1>
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