source: chapter08/binutils.xml@ de28837

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Last change on this file since de28837 was ff96923, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 3 years ago

Package updates and stripping fixes
Add workaround to strip libraries correctly.
Update to shadow-4.9.
Update to util-linux 2.37.1.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 15.5 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>binutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&binutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
27 tools for handling object files.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&binutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&binutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
43
44 <para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
45 environment by performing a simple test:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para>This command should output the following:</para>
50
51<screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
52
53 <para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
54 is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
55 running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
56
57<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
58Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
59
60 <para>An error in the building system causes the shipped man pages to
61 be empty. Workaround the issue and remove the shipped man pages, so the
62 man pages will be regenerated correctly:</para>
63
64<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '63d' etc/texi2pod.pl
65find -name \*.1 -delete</userinput></screen>
66
67 <para>Now remove one test that prevents the tests from running
68 to completion:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/@\tincremental_copy/d' gold/testsuite/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
71
72 <para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils
73 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
74
75<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
76cd build</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
79
80<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
81 --enable-gold \
82 --enable-ld=default \
83 --enable-plugins \
84 --enable-shared \
85 --disable-werror \
86 --enable-64-bit-bfd \
87 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
88 <variablelist>
89 <title>The meaning of the configure parameters:</title>
90
91 <varlistentry>
92 <term><parameter>--enable-gold</parameter></term>
93 <listitem>
94 <para>Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (along side the
95 default linker).</para>
96 </listitem>
97 </varlistentry>
98
99 <varlistentry>
100 <term><parameter>--enable-ld=default</parameter></term>
101 <listitem>
102 <para>Build the original bfd linker and install it as both ld (the
103 default linker) and ld.bfd.</para>
104 </listitem>
105 </varlistentry>
106
107 <varlistentry>
108 <term><parameter>--enable-plugins</parameter></term>
109 <listitem>
110 <para>Enables plugin support for the linker.</para>
111 </listitem>
112 </varlistentry>
113
114 <varlistentry>
115 <term><parameter>--enable-64-bit-bfd</parameter></term>
116 <listitem>
117 <para>Enables 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes).
118 May not be needed on 64-bit systems, but does no harm.</para>
119 </listitem>
120 </varlistentry>
121
122 <varlistentry>
123 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
124 <listitem>
125 <para>Use the installed zlib library rather than building the
126 included version.</para>
127 </listitem>
128 </varlistentry>
129
130 </variablelist>
131
132 <para>Compile the package:</para>
133
134<screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
135
136 <variablelist>
137 <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
138
139 <varlistentry>
140 <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
141 <listitem>
142 <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
143 ultimately be located) is set to <filename
144 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
145 example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
146 class="directory">/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
147 a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
148 class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
149 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
150 used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
151 package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
152 on PowerPC machines).</para>
153 </listitem>
154 </varlistentry>
155
156 </variablelist>
157
158 <important>
159 <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
160 Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
161 </important>
162
163 <para>Test the results:</para>
164
165<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
166
167 <para>Seven gold tests are known to fail with gcc-11.1.0</para>
168
169 <para>Four ld tests named <quote>Run property ...</quote> are known to
170 fail.</para>
171
172 <para>Install the package:</para>
173
174<screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install -j1</userinput></screen>
175
176 <para>Remove useless static libraries:</para>
177
178<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{bfd,ctf,ctf-nobfd,opcodes}.a</userinput></screen>
179
180 </sect2>
181
182 <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
183 <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
184
185 <segmentedlist>
186 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
187 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
188 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
189
190 <seglistitem>
191 <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, dwp, elfedit, gprof, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold, nm,
192 objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
193 <seg>libbfd.so, libctf.so, libctf-nobfd.so, and libopcodes.so</seg>
194 <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
195 </seglistitem>
196 </segmentedlist>
197
198 <variablelist>
199 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
200 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
201 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
202
203 <varlistentry id="addr2line">
204 <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
205 <listitem>
206 <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
207 given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
208 information in the executable to determine which source file and line
209 number are associated with the address</para>
210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
211 <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
212 </indexterm>
213 </listitem>
214 </varlistentry>
215
216 <varlistentry id="ar">
217 <term><command>ar</command></term>
218 <listitem>
219 <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
221 <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
222 </indexterm>
223 </listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry id="as">
227 <term><command>as</command></term>
228 <listitem>
229 <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
230 into object files</para>
231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
232 <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
233 </indexterm>
234 </listitem>
235 </varlistentry>
236
237 <varlistentry id="c-filt">
238 <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
239 <listitem>
240 <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
241 overloaded functions from clashing</para>
242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
243 <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
244 </indexterm>
245 </listitem>
246 </varlistentry>
247
248 <varlistentry id="dwp">
249 <term><command>dwp</command></term>
250 <listitem>
251 <para>The DWARF packaging utility</para>
252 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils dwp">
253 <primary sortas="dwp">dwp</primary>
254 </indexterm>
255 </listitem>
256 </varlistentry>
257
258 <varlistentry id="elfedit">
259 <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
260 <listitem>
261 <para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
262 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
263 <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
264 </indexterm>
265 </listitem>
266 </varlistentry>
267
268 <varlistentry id="gprof">
269 <term><command>gprof</command></term>
270 <listitem>
271 <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
273 <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
274 </indexterm>
275 </listitem>
276 </varlistentry>
277
278 <varlistentry id="ld">
279 <term><command>ld</command></term>
280 <listitem>
281 <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
282 into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
283 references</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
285 <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
291 <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>A cut down version of ld that only supports the
294 elf object file format</para>
295 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
296 <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
297 </indexterm>
298 </listitem>
299 </varlistentry>
300
301 <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
302 <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
303 <listitem>
304 <para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
306 <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="nm">
312 <term><command>nm</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
316 <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="objcopy">
322 <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
326 <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="objdump">
332 <term><command>objdump</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
335 controlling the particular information to display; the information
336 shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
337 tools</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
339 <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="ranlib">
345 <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
348 in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
349 members that are relocatable object files</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
351 <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="readelf">
357 <term><command>readelf</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
361 <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="size">
367 <term><command>size</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
370 object files</para>
371 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
372 <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
373 </indexterm>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376
377 <varlistentry id="strings">
378 <term><command>strings</command></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
381 characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
382 four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
383 the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
384 scans the entire file</para>
385 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
386 <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
387 </indexterm>
388 </listitem>
389 </varlistentry>
390
391 <varlistentry id="strip">
392 <term><command>strip</command></term>
393 <listitem>
394 <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
395 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
396 <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
397 </indexterm>
398 </listitem>
399 </varlistentry>
400
401 <varlistentry id="libbfd">
402 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
403 <listitem>
404 <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
405 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
406 <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
407 </indexterm>
408 </listitem>
409 </varlistentry>
410
411 <varlistentry id="libctf">
412 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf</filename></term>
413 <listitem>
414 <para>The Compat ANSI-C Type Format debugging support library</para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf">
416 <primary sortas="c-libctf">libctf</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="libctf-nobfd">
422 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libctf-nobfd</filename></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>A libctf variant which does not use libbfd functionality</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libctf-nobfd">
426 <primary sortas="c-libctf-nobfd">libctf-nobfd</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
432 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>A library for dealing with opcodes&mdash;the <quote>readable
435 text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
436 it is used for building utilities like
437 <command>objdump</command></para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
439 <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 </variablelist>
445
446 </sect2>
447
448</sect1>
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