source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ 3c51561

arm
Last change on this file since 3c51561 was 3c51561, checked in by William Harrington <kb0iic@…>, 2 years ago

Document the test failure in coreutils

Seems to be fixed upstream, but adding a patch for just a test
is overkill IMO.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 43.9 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
53 without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
57 coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
58 picked up in this package -->
59<!--
60 <para>Now, fix a problem with chmod return values:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-chmod-patch;</userinput></screen>
63-->
64 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
67FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
78 building system of the package, so the configuration files have
79 to be regenerated.</para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
87 built as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91
92 <varlistentry>
93 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
94 <listitem>
95 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
96 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
97 </para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100 </variablelist>
101
102 <para>Compile the package:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
107 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
108
109 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
110 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
115 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
116 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
117 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
118 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
121
122 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
123 compile and run the tests:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
130
131<!-- test-getlogin is now skipped
132 <para>The test-getlogin test is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
133-->
134<!-- should be fixed at next release, coreutils-9.2 -->
135 <para>The sort-NaN-infloop test is known to fail with GCC-12.</para>
136
137 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
138
139<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
140 <para>Install the package:</para>
141
142<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
143
144 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
147mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
148sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
149
150 </sect2>
151
152 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
153 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
154
155 <segmentedlist>
156 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
157 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
158 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
159
160 <seglistitem>
161 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
162 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
163 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
164 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
165 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
166 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
167 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
168 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
169 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
170 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
171 yes</seg>
172 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
173 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
174 </seglistitem>
175 </segmentedlist>
176
177 <variablelist>
178 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
179 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
180 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
181
182 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
183 <term><command>[</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[, that is a synonym
186 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
188 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
189 </indexterm>
190 </listitem>
191 </varlistentry>
192
193 <varlistentry id="base32">
194 <term><command>base32</command></term>
195 <listitem>
196 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
197 (RFC 4648)</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
199 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="base64">
205 <term><command>base64</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
208 (RFC 4648)</para>
209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
210 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
211 </indexterm>
212 </listitem>
213 </varlistentry>
214
215 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
216 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
217 <listitem>
218 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
219 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
220 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
221 </indexterm>
222 </listitem>
223 </varlistentry>
224
225 <varlistentry id="basename">
226 <term><command>basename</command></term>
227 <listitem>
228 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
229 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
230 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
231 </indexterm>
232 </listitem>
233 </varlistentry>
234
235 <varlistentry id="basenc">
236 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
237 <listitem>
238 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
240 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
241 </indexterm>
242 </listitem>
243 </varlistentry>
244
245 <varlistentry id="cat">
246 <term><command>cat</command></term>
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
250 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
251 </indexterm>
252 </listitem>
253 </varlistentry>
254
255 <varlistentry id="chcon">
256 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
257 <listitem>
258 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
260 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
266 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
270 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="chmod">
276 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
279 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
280 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
282 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="chown">
288 <term><command>chown</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
291 directories</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
293 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="chroot">
299 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
302 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
304 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="cksum">
310 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
313 counts of each specified file</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
315 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="comm">
321 <term><command>comm</command></term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
324 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
326 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="cp">
332 <term><command>cp</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Copies files</para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
336 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="csplit">
342 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
345 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
346 count of each new file</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
348 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="cut">
354 <term><command>cut</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
357 fields or positions</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
359 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="date">
365 <term><command>date</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
368 system date</para>
369 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
370 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
371 </indexterm>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374
375 <varlistentry id="dd">
376 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
377 <listitem>
378 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
379 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
381 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="df">
387 <term><command>df</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
390 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
391 files</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
393 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="dir">
399 <term><command>dir</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
402 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
403 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
404 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
405 </indexterm>
406 </listitem>
407 </varlistentry>
408
409 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
410 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
413 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
414 <command>ls</command></para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
416 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="dirname">
422 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
426 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="du">
432 <term><command>du</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
435 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
436 each of the given files</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
438 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="echo">
444 <term><command>echo</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
447 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
448 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
449 </indexterm>
450 </listitem>
451 </varlistentry>
452
453 <varlistentry id="env">
454 <term><command>env</command></term>
455 <listitem>
456 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
458 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="expand">
464 <term><command>expand</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
468 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="expr">
474 <term><command>expr</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
477 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
478 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
479 </indexterm>
480 </listitem>
481 </varlistentry>
482
483 <varlistentry id="factor">
484 <term><command>factor</command></term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
487 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
488 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
489 </indexterm>
490 </listitem>
491 </varlistentry>
492
493 <varlistentry id="false">
494 <term><command>false</command></term>
495 <listitem>
496 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
497 indicating failure</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
499 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="fmt">
505 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
509 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="fold">
515 <term><command>fold</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
519 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="groups">
525 <term><command>groups</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
529 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="head">
535 <term><command>head</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
538 of each given file</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
540 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="hostid">
546 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
550 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="id">
556 <term><command>id</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
559 of the current user or specified user</para>
560 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
561 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
562 </indexterm>
563 </listitem>
564 </varlistentry>
565
566 <varlistentry id="install">
567 <term><command>install</command> </term>
568 <listitem>
569 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
570 possible, their owner and group</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
572 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="join">
578 <term><command>join</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
581 separate files</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
583 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="link">
589 <term><command>link</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
593 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="ln">
599 <term><command>ln</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
602 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
603 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
604 </indexterm>
605 </listitem>
606 </varlistentry>
607
608 <varlistentry id="logname">
609 <term><command>logname</command></term>
610 <listitem>
611 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
613 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="ls">
619 <term><command>ls</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
623 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
629 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
633 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
639 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
643 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
649 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
652 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
654 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="mknod">
660 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
663 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
665 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
671 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
675 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="mv">
681 <term><command>mv</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
685 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="nice">
691 <term><command>nice</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
695 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="nl">
701 <term><command>nl</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
705 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="nohup">
711 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
714 a log file</para>
715 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
716 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
717 </indexterm>
718 </listitem>
719 </varlistentry>
720
721 <varlistentry id="nproc">
722 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
723 <listitem>
724 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
725 process</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
727 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
733 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
737 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="od">
743 <term><command>od</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
747 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="paste">
753 <term><command>paste</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
756 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
758 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
764 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
767 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
768 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
769 </indexterm>
770 </listitem>
771 </varlistentry>
772
773 <varlistentry id="pinky">
774 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
775 <listitem>
776 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
777 about the given users</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
779 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="pr">
785 <term><command>pr</command></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
789 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="printenv">
795 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Prints the environment</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
799 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="printf">
805 <term><command>printf</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
808 like the C printf function</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
810 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="ptx">
816 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
819 with each keyword in its context</para>
820 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
821 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
822 </indexterm>
823 </listitem>
824 </varlistentry>
825
826 <varlistentry id="pwd">
827 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
828 <listitem>
829 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
830 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
831 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
832 </indexterm>
833 </listitem>
834 </varlistentry>
835
836 <varlistentry id="readlink">
837 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
838 <listitem>
839 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
840 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
841 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
842 </indexterm>
843 </listitem>
844 </varlistentry>
845
846 <varlistentry id="realpath">
847 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
848 <listitem>
849 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
851 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="rm">
857 <term><command>rm</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
860 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
861 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
862 </indexterm>
863 </listitem>
864 </varlistentry>
865
866 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
867 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
868 <listitem>
869 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
871 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="runcon">
877 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
881 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="seq">
887 <term><command>seq</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
890 given increment</para>
891 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
892 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
893 </indexterm>
894 </listitem>
895 </varlistentry>
896
897 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
898 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
899 <listitem>
900 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
901 checksums</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
903 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
909 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
913 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
919 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
922 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
923 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
924 </indexterm>
925 </listitem>
926 </varlistentry>
927
928 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
929 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
930 <listitem>
931 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
933 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
939 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
943 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="shred">
949 <term><command>shred</command></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
952 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
954 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="shuf">
960 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
963 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
964 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
965 </indexterm>
966 </listitem>
967 </varlistentry>
968
969 <varlistentry id="sleep">
970 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
971 <listitem>
972 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
973 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
974 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
975 </indexterm>
976 </listitem>
977 </varlistentry>
978
979 <varlistentry id="sort">
980 <term><command>sort</command></term>
981 <listitem>
982 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
983 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
984 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
985 </indexterm>
986 </listitem>
987 </varlistentry>
988
989 <varlistentry id="split">
990 <term><command>split</command></term>
991 <listitem>
992 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
993 lines</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
995 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="stat">
1001 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1004 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1005 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1006 </indexterm>
1007 </listitem>
1008 </varlistentry>
1009
1010 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1011 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1012 <listitem>
1013 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1014 streams</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1016 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="stty">
1022 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1026 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="sum">
1032 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1036 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="sync">
1042 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1045 and updates the super block</para>
1046 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1047 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1048 </indexterm>
1049 </listitem>
1050 </varlistentry>
1051
1052 <varlistentry id="tac">
1053 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1054 <listitem>
1055 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1056 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1057 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1058 </indexterm>
1059 </listitem>
1060 </varlistentry>
1061
1062 <varlistentry id="tail">
1063 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1064 <listitem>
1065 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1066 given file</para>
1067 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1068 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1069 </indexterm>
1070 </listitem>
1071 </varlistentry>
1072
1073 <varlistentry id="tee">
1074 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1075 <listitem>
1076 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1077 and to the given files</para>
1078 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1079 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1080 </indexterm>
1081 </listitem>
1082 </varlistentry>
1083
1084 <varlistentry id="test">
1085 <term><command>test</command></term>
1086 <listitem>
1087 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1088 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1089 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1090 </indexterm>
1091 </listitem>
1092 </varlistentry>
1093
1094 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1095 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1096 <listitem>
1097 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1098 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1099 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1100 </indexterm>
1101 </listitem>
1102 </varlistentry>
1103
1104 <varlistentry id="touch">
1105 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1106 <listitem>
1107 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1108 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1109 are created with zero length</para>
1110 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1111 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1112 </indexterm>
1113 </listitem>
1114 </varlistentry>
1115
1116 <varlistentry id="tr">
1117 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1118 <listitem>
1119 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1120 standard input</para>
1121 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1122 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1123 </indexterm>
1124 </listitem>
1125 </varlistentry>
1126
1127 <varlistentry id="true">
1128 <term><command>true</command></term>
1129 <listitem>
1130 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1131 indicating success</para>
1132 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1133 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1134 </indexterm>
1135 </listitem>
1136 </varlistentry>
1137
1138 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1139 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1140 <listitem>
1141 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1142 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1143 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1144 </indexterm>
1145 </listitem>
1146 </varlistentry>
1147
1148 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1149 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1150 <listitem>
1151 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1152 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1153 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1154 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1155 </indexterm>
1156 </listitem>
1157 </varlistentry>
1158
1159 <varlistentry id="tty">
1160 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1161 <listitem>
1162 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1163 input</para>
1164 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1165 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1166 </indexterm>
1167 </listitem>
1168 </varlistentry>
1169
1170 <varlistentry id="uname">
1171 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1172 <listitem>
1173 <para>Reports system information</para>
1174 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1175 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1176 </indexterm>
1177 </listitem>
1178 </varlistentry>
1179
1180 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1181 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1182 <listitem>
1183 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1185 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1186 </indexterm>
1187 </listitem>
1188 </varlistentry>
1189
1190 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1191 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1192 <listitem>
1193 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1195 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1196 </indexterm>
1197 </listitem>
1198 </varlistentry>
1199
1200 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1201 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1202 <listitem>
1203 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1205 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1206 </indexterm>
1207 </listitem>
1208 </varlistentry>
1209
1210 <varlistentry id="users">
1211 <term><command>users</command></term>
1212 <listitem>
1213 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1215 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1216 </indexterm>
1217 </listitem>
1218 </varlistentry>
1219
1220 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1221 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1222 <listitem>
1223 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1225 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1226 </indexterm>
1227 </listitem>
1228 </varlistentry>
1229
1230 <varlistentry id="wc">
1231 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1232 <listitem>
1233 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1234 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1235 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1236 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1237 </indexterm>
1238 </listitem>
1239 </varlistentry>
1240
1241 <varlistentry id="who">
1242 <term><command>who</command></term>
1243 <listitem>
1244 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1246 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1247 </indexterm>
1248 </listitem>
1249 </varlistentry>
1250
1251 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1252 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1253 <listitem>
1254 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1255 user ID</para>
1256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1257 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1258 </indexterm>
1259 </listitem>
1260 </varlistentry>
1261
1262 <varlistentry id="yes">
1263 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1264 <listitem>
1265 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1266 killed</para>
1267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1268 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1269 </indexterm>
1270 </listitem>
1271 </varlistentry>
1272
1273 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1274 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1275 <listitem>
1276 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1278 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1279 </indexterm>
1280 </listitem>
1281 </varlistentry>
1282
1283 </variablelist>
1284
1285 </sect2>
1286
1287</sect1>
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