source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ 6a06eaf

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Last change on this file since 6a06eaf was 6a06eaf, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 4 years ago

Update to man-pages-5.08.
Update to libpipeline-1.5.3.
Update to iproute2-5.8.0.
Update to linux-5.8.1.
Fix typo in settingenviron.xml.
Use entity in perl configuration instructions.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
53 without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
57 coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
58 picked up in this package -->
59 <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
62
63 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
64
65<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
66FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
67 --prefix=/usr \
68 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
69
70 <variablelist>
71 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
72
73 <varlistentry>
74 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
75 <listitem>
76 <para>This command updates generated configuration files
77 consistent with the latest version of automake.
78 </para>
79 </listitem>
80 </varlistentry>
81
82 <varlistentry>
83 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
84 <listitem>
85 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
86 built as the root user.
87 </para>
88 </listitem>
89 </varlistentry>
90
91 <varlistentry>
92 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
93 <listitem>
94 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
95 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
96 </para>
97 </listitem>
98 </varlistentry>
99 </variablelist>
100
101 <para>Compile the package:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
106 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
107
108 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
109 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
114 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
115 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
116 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
117 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
118
119<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
120
121 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
122 run the tests:</para>
123
124<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
125
126 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
127
128<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
129
130 <para>The test-getlogin test is known to fail in the LFS chroot envronment.</para>
131
132 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
133
134<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
135 <para>Install the package:</para>
136
137<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
138
139 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
140
141<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
142mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
143mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
144mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
145mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
146sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
147
148 <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
149 depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>,
150 <command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>. As <filename
151 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and
152 late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to
153 maintain FHS compliance:</para>
154
155<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen>
156
157 </sect2>
158
159 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
160 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
161
162 <segmentedlist>
163 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
164 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
165 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
166
167 <seglistitem>
168 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
169 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
170 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
171 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
172 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
173 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
174 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
175 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
176 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
177 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
178 yes</seg>
179 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
180 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
181 </seglistitem>
182 </segmentedlist>
183
184 <variablelist>
185 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
186 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
187 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
188
189 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
190 <term><command>[</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[, that is a synonym
193 for the <command>test</command> command.</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
195 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="base32">
201 <term><command>base32</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
204 (RFC 4648)</para>
205 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
206 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
207 </indexterm>
208 </listitem>
209 </varlistentry>
210
211 <varlistentry id="base64">
212 <term><command>base64</command></term>
213 <listitem>
214 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
215 (RFC 4648)</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
217 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
223 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
227 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="basename">
233 <term><command>basename</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
237 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="basenc">
243 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
247 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
248 </indexterm>
249 </listitem>
250 </varlistentry>
251
252 <varlistentry id="cat">
253 <term><command>cat</command></term>
254 <listitem>
255 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
257 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="chcon">
263 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
266 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
267 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
268 </indexterm>
269 </listitem>
270 </varlistentry>
271
272 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
273 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
274 <listitem>
275 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
276 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
277 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
278 </indexterm>
279 </listitem>
280 </varlistentry>
281
282 <varlistentry id="chmod">
283 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
284 <listitem>
285 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
286 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
287 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
288 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
289 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
290 </indexterm>
291 </listitem>
292 </varlistentry>
293
294 <varlistentry id="chown">
295 <term><command>chown</command></term>
296 <listitem>
297 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
298 directories</para>
299 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
300 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302 </listitem>
303 </varlistentry>
304
305 <varlistentry id="chroot">
306 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
307 <listitem>
308 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
309 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
310 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
311 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
312 </indexterm>
313 </listitem>
314 </varlistentry>
315
316 <varlistentry id="cksum">
317 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
318 <listitem>
319 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
320 counts of each specified file</para>
321 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
322 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
323 </indexterm>
324 </listitem>
325 </varlistentry>
326
327 <varlistentry id="comm">
328 <term><command>comm</command></term>
329 <listitem>
330 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
331 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
332 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
333 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
334 </indexterm>
335 </listitem>
336 </varlistentry>
337
338 <varlistentry id="cp">
339 <term><command>cp</command></term>
340 <listitem>
341 <para>Copies files</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
343 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="csplit">
349 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
352 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
353 count of each new file</para>
354 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
355 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
356 </indexterm>
357 </listitem>
358 </varlistentry>
359
360 <varlistentry id="cut">
361 <term><command>cut</command></term>
362 <listitem>
363 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
364 fields or positions</para>
365 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
366 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
367 </indexterm>
368 </listitem>
369 </varlistentry>
370
371 <varlistentry id="date">
372 <term><command>date</command></term>
373 <listitem>
374 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
375 system date</para>
376 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
377 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
378 </indexterm>
379 </listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry id="dd">
383 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
386 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
388 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="df">
394 <term><command>df</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
397 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
398 files</para>
399 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
400 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
401 </indexterm>
402 </listitem>
403 </varlistentry>
404
405 <varlistentry id="dir">
406 <term><command>dir</command></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
409 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
411 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
417 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
420 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
421 <command>ls</command></para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
423 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="dirname">
429 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
433 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="du">
439 <term><command>du</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
442 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
443 each of the given files</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
445 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="echo">
451 <term><command>echo</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
454 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
455 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
456 </indexterm>
457 </listitem>
458 </varlistentry>
459
460 <varlistentry id="env">
461 <term><command>env</command></term>
462 <listitem>
463 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
465 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="expand">
471 <term><command>expand</command></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
475 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="expr">
481 <term><command>expr</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
485 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="factor">
491 <term><command>factor</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
495 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="false">
501 <term><command>false</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
504 indicating failure</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
506 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="fmt">
512 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
516 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="fold">
522 <term><command>fold</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
526 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="groups">
532 <term><command>groups</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
535 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
536 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
537 </indexterm>
538 </listitem>
539 </varlistentry>
540
541 <varlistentry id="head">
542 <term><command>head</command></term>
543 <listitem>
544 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
545 of each given file</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
547 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="hostid">
553 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
556 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
557 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
558 </indexterm>
559 </listitem>
560 </varlistentry>
561
562 <varlistentry id="id">
563 <term><command>id</command></term>
564 <listitem>
565 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
566 of the current user or specified user</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
568 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="install">
574 <term><command>install</command> </term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
577 possible, their owner and group</para>
578 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
579 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
580 </indexterm>
581 </listitem>
582 </varlistentry>
583
584 <varlistentry id="join">
585 <term><command>join</command></term>
586 <listitem>
587 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
588 separate files</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
590 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="link">
596 <term><command>link</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
600 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="ln">
606 <term><command>ln</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
610 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="logname">
616 <term><command>logname</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
620 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
625 <varlistentry id="ls">
626 <term><command>ls</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
630 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
636 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
640 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
646 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
650 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
656 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
659 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
660 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
661 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
662 </indexterm>
663 </listitem>
664 </varlistentry>
665
666 <varlistentry id="mknod">
667 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
668 <listitem>
669 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
670 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
672 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
677 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
678 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
682 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="mv">
688 <term><command>mv</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
692 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="nice">
698 <term><command>nice</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
702 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="nl">
708 <term><command>nl</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
712 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="nohup">
718 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
721 a log file</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
723 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="nproc">
729 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
732 process</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
734 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
740 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
744 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="od">
750 <term><command>od</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
753 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
754 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
755 </indexterm>
756 </listitem>
757 </varlistentry>
758
759 <varlistentry id="paste">
760 <term><command>paste</command></term>
761 <listitem>
762 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
763 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
765 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
771 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
775 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="pinky">
781 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
784 about the given users</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
786 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="pr">
792 <term><command>pr</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
796 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="printenv">
802 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Prints the environment</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
806 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="printf">
812 <term><command>printf</command></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
815 like the C printf function</para>
816 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
817 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
818 </indexterm>
819 </listitem>
820 </varlistentry>
821
822 <varlistentry id="ptx">
823 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
824 <listitem>
825 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
826 with each keyword in its context</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
828 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="pwd">
834 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
838 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="readlink">
844 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
848 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="realpath">
854 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
858 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="rm">
864 <term><command>rm</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
868 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
874 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
878 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="runcon">
884 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
888 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="seq">
894 <term><command>seq</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
897 given increment</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
899 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
904 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
905 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
908 checksums</para>
909 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
910 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
911 </indexterm>
912 </listitem>
913 </varlistentry>
914
915 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
916 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
917 <listitem>
918 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
919 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
920 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
921 </indexterm>
922 </listitem>
923 </varlistentry>
924
925 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
926 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
927 <listitem>
928 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
930 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
936 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
940 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
946 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
950 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="shred">
956 <term><command>shred</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
959 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
961 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="shuf">
967 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
971 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="sleep">
977 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
981 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="sort">
987 <term><command>sort</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
991 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="split">
997 <term><command>split</command></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
1000 lines</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
1002 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="stat">
1008 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1012 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1018 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1021 streams</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1023 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 <varlistentry id="stty">
1029 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1033 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="sum">
1039 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1042 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1043 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1044 </indexterm>
1045 </listitem>
1046 </varlistentry>
1047
1048 <varlistentry id="sync">
1049 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1050 <listitem>
1051 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1052 and updates the super block</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1054 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="tac">
1060 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1064 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="tail">
1070 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1073 given file</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1075 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="tee">
1081 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1084 and to the given files</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1086 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
1091 <varlistentry id="test">
1092 <term><command>test</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
1094 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1096 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1102 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1105 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1106 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1107 </indexterm>
1108 </listitem>
1109 </varlistentry>
1110
1111 <varlistentry id="touch">
1112 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1113 <listitem>
1114 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1115 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1116 are created with zero length</para>
1117 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1118 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1119 </indexterm>
1120 </listitem>
1121 </varlistentry>
1122
1123 <varlistentry id="tr">
1124 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1125 <listitem>
1126 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1127 standard input</para>
1128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1129 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1130 </indexterm>
1131 </listitem>
1132 </varlistentry>
1133
1134 <varlistentry id="true">
1135 <term><command>true</command></term>
1136 <listitem>
1137 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1138 indicating success</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1140 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1146 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1150 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1151 </indexterm>
1152 </listitem>
1153 </varlistentry>
1154
1155 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1156 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1157 <listitem>
1158 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1159 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1160 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1161 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1162 </indexterm>
1163 </listitem>
1164 </varlistentry>
1165
1166 <varlistentry id="tty">
1167 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1168 <listitem>
1169 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1170 input</para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1172 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="uname">
1178 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Reports system information</para>
1181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1182 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1183 </indexterm>
1184 </listitem>
1185 </varlistentry>
1186
1187 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1188 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1189 <listitem>
1190 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1192 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1193 </indexterm>
1194 </listitem>
1195 </varlistentry>
1196
1197 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1198 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1199 <listitem>
1200 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1202 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1203 </indexterm>
1204 </listitem>
1205 </varlistentry>
1206
1207 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1208 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1209 <listitem>
1210 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1212 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1213 </indexterm>
1214 </listitem>
1215 </varlistentry>
1216
1217 <varlistentry id="users">
1218 <term><command>users</command></term>
1219 <listitem>
1220 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1221 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1222 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1223 </indexterm>
1224 </listitem>
1225 </varlistentry>
1226
1227 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1228 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1229 <listitem>
1230 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1232 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1233 </indexterm>
1234 </listitem>
1235 </varlistentry>
1236
1237 <varlistentry id="wc">
1238 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1239 <listitem>
1240 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1241 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1243 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1244 </indexterm>
1245 </listitem>
1246 </varlistentry>
1247
1248 <varlistentry id="who">
1249 <term><command>who</command></term>
1250 <listitem>
1251 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1252 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1253 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1254 </indexterm>
1255 </listitem>
1256 </varlistentry>
1257
1258 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1259 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1260 <listitem>
1261 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1262 user ID</para>
1263 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1264 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1265 </indexterm>
1266 </listitem>
1267 </varlistentry>
1268
1269 <varlistentry id="yes">
1270 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1271 <listitem>
1272 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1273 killed</para>
1274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1275 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1276 </indexterm>
1277 </listitem>
1278 </varlistentry>
1279
1280 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1281 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1282 <listitem>
1283 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1285 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1286 </indexterm>
1287 </listitem>
1288 </varlistentry>
1289
1290 </variablelist>
1291
1292 </sect2>
1293
1294</sect1>
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