source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ a09fa5f

xry111/clfs-ng
Last change on this file since a09fa5f was a09fa5f, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 17 months ago

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/trunk' into xry111/clfs-ng
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains the basic utility programs
27 needed by every operating system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>Many bugs have been found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to the Coreutils maintainers, please check first to see if
53 those bugs are reproducible without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
57 coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
58 picked up in this package -->
59<!--
60 <para>Now, fix a problem with chmod return values:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-chmod-patch;</userinput></screen>
63-->
64 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
67FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
78 build system, so the configuration files must
79 be regenerated.</para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
87 built by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91
92 <varlistentry>
93 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
94 <listitem>
95 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
96 installing programs that will be installed by other packages.
97 </para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100 </variablelist>
101
102 <para>Compile the package:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
107 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
108
109 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
110 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
111
112 <!-- CLFS note: "su -c" to set the supplementary group IDs.
113 For a normal LFS build, they are already set by 'login' or 'su'.
114 But for CLFS there is no such tool available at the beginning of
115 chapter 7. Currently coreutils is the only package of which the
116 test suite needs the supplementary GIDs set up. -->
117<screen><userinput remap="test">su -c 'make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root'</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
120 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
121 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
122 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
123 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
128 compile and run the tests:</para>
129
130<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
131
132 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
133
134<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
135
136<!-- Sometimes skipped, but if not it may fail.
137 Please DO NOT remove or comment out this unless we can fully
138 understand it! -->
139 <para>The test-getlogin test may fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
140
141 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
142
143<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
144 <para>Install the package:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
147
148 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
149
150<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
151mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
152sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
153
154 </sect2>
155
156 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
157 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
158
159 <segmentedlist>
160 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
161 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
162 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
163
164 <seglistitem>
165 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
166 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
167 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
168 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
169 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
170 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
171 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
172 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
173 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
174 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
175 yes</seg>
176 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
177 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
178 </seglistitem>
179 </segmentedlist>
180
181 <variablelist>
182 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
183 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
184 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
185
186 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
187 <term><command>[</command></term>
188 <listitem>
189 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[; it is a synonym
190 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
192 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
193 </indexterm>
194 </listitem>
195 </varlistentry>
196
197 <varlistentry id="base32">
198 <term><command>base32</command></term>
199 <listitem>
200 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
201 (RFC 4648)</para>
202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
203 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
204 </indexterm>
205 </listitem>
206 </varlistentry>
207
208 <varlistentry id="base64">
209 <term><command>base64</command></term>
210 <listitem>
211 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
212 (RFC 4648)</para>
213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
214 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
215 </indexterm>
216 </listitem>
217 </varlistentry>
218
219 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
220 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
221 <listitem>
222 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
224 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="basename">
230 <term><command>basename</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
234 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
235 </indexterm>
236 </listitem>
237 </varlistentry>
238
239 <varlistentry id="basenc">
240 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
241 <listitem>
242 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
243 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
244 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
245 </indexterm>
246 </listitem>
247 </varlistentry>
248
249 <varlistentry id="cat">
250 <term><command>cat</command></term>
251 <listitem>
252 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
254 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
255 </indexterm>
256 </listitem>
257 </varlistentry>
258
259 <varlistentry id="chcon">
260 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
261 <listitem>
262 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
263 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
264 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
265 </indexterm>
266 </listitem>
267 </varlistentry>
268
269 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
270 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
271 <listitem>
272 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
273 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
274 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
275 </indexterm>
276 </listitem>
277 </varlistentry>
278
279 <varlistentry id="chmod">
280 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
281 <listitem>
282 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
283 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to be made, or an
284 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
285 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
286 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288 </listitem>
289 </varlistentry>
290
291 <varlistentry id="chown">
292 <term><command>chown</command></term>
293 <listitem>
294 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
295 directories</para>
296 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
297 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
298 </indexterm>
299 </listitem>
300 </varlistentry>
301
302 <varlistentry id="chroot">
303 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
304 <listitem>
305 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
306 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
307 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
308 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
309 </indexterm>
310 </listitem>
311 </varlistentry>
312
313 <varlistentry id="cksum">
314 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
315 <listitem>
316 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
317 counts of each specified file</para>
318 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
319 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
320 </indexterm>
321 </listitem>
322 </varlistentry>
323
324 <varlistentry id="comm">
325 <term><command>comm</command></term>
326 <listitem>
327 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
328 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
329 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
330 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
331 </indexterm>
332 </listitem>
333 </varlistentry>
334
335 <varlistentry id="cp">
336 <term><command>cp</command></term>
337 <listitem>
338 <para>Copies files</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
340 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="csplit">
346 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
349 according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting the byte
350 count of each new file</para>
351 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
352 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
353 </indexterm>
354 </listitem>
355 </varlistentry>
356
357 <varlistentry id="cut">
358 <term><command>cut</command></term>
359 <listitem>
360 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
361 fields or positions</para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
363 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="date">
369 <term><command>date</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Displays the current date and time in the given format, or sets the
372 system date and time</para>
373 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
374 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
375 </indexterm>
376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry id="dd">
380 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
381 <listitem>
382 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
383 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
385 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="df">
391 <term><command>df</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
394 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
395 files</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
397 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="dir">
403 <term><command>dir</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
406 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
408 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
414 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
417 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
418 <command>ls</command></para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
420 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="dirname">
426 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Extracts the directory portion(s) of the given name(s)</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
430 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="du">
436 <term><command>du</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
439 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
440 each of the given files</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
442 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="echo">
448 <term><command>echo</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
452 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="env">
458 <term><command>env</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
462 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="expand">
468 <term><command>expand</command></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
472 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="expr">
478 <term><command>expr</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
482 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="factor">
488 <term><command>factor</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Prints the prime factors of the specified integers</para>
491 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
492 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
493 </indexterm>
494 </listitem>
495 </varlistentry>
496
497 <varlistentry id="false">
498 <term><command>false</command></term>
499 <listitem>
500 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
501 indicating failure</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
503 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="fmt">
509 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
513 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="fold">
519 <term><command>fold</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
523 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="groups">
529 <term><command>groups</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
533 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="head">
539 <term><command>head</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
542 of each given file</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
544 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="hostid">
550 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
554 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="id">
560 <term><command>id</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
563 of the current user or specified user</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
565 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="install">
571 <term><command>install</command> </term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
574 possible, their owner and group</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
576 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="join">
582 <term><command>join</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
585 separate files</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
587 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="link">
593 <term><command>link</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Creates a hard link (with the given name) to a file</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
597 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="ln">
603 <term><command>ln</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
607 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="logname">
613 <term><command>logname</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
616 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
617 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
618 </indexterm>
619 </listitem>
620 </varlistentry>
621
622 <varlistentry id="ls">
623 <term><command>ls</command></term>
624 <listitem>
625 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
627 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
633 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
637 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
643 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
647 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
653 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), "named
656 pipes" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
658 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="mknod">
664 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
667 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
669 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
675 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
679 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="mv">
685 <term><command>mv</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
689 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="nice">
695 <term><command>nice</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
699 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="nl">
705 <term><command>nl</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
709 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="nohup">
715 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
718 a log file</para>
719 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
720 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
721 </indexterm>
722 </listitem>
723 </varlistentry>
724
725 <varlistentry id="nproc">
726 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
727 <listitem>
728 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
729 process</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
731 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
737 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
741 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="od">
747 <term><command>od</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
751 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="paste">
757 <term><command>paste</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
760 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
761 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
762 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
763 </indexterm>
764 </listitem>
765 </varlistentry>
766
767 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
768 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
769 <listitem>
770 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
771 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
772 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
773 </indexterm>
774 </listitem>
775 </varlistentry>
776
777 <varlistentry id="pinky">
778 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
779 <listitem>
780 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
781 about the given users</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
783 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="pr">
789 <term><command>pr</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
793 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="printenv">
799 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Prints the environment</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
803 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="printf">
809 <term><command>printf</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
812 like the C printf function</para>
813 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
814 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
815 </indexterm>
816 </listitem>
817 </varlistentry>
818
819 <varlistentry id="ptx">
820 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
821 <listitem>
822 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
823 with each keyword in its context</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
825 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="pwd">
831 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
835 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="readlink">
841 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
845 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="realpath">
851 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
854 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
855 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
856 </indexterm>
857 </listitem>
858 </varlistentry>
859
860 <varlistentry id="rm">
861 <term><command>rm</command></term>
862 <listitem>
863 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
865 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
871 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
875 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="runcon">
881 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
885 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="seq">
891 <term><command>seq</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
894 given increment</para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
896 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
901 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
902 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
905 checksums</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
907 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
913 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
917 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
922 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
923 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
927 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
933 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
937 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
943 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
947 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="shred">
953 <term><command>shred</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
956 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
958 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
963 <varlistentry id="shuf">
964 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
968 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="sleep">
974 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
978 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="sort">
984 <term><command>sort</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
987 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
988 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
989 </indexterm>
990 </listitem>
991 </varlistentry>
992
993 <varlistentry id="split">
994 <term><command>split</command></term>
995 <listitem>
996 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
997 lines</para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
999 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="stat">
1005 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1008 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1009 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1010 </indexterm>
1011 </listitem>
1012 </varlistentry>
1013
1014 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1015 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1016 <listitem>
1017 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1018 streams</para>
1019 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1020 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1021 </indexterm>
1022 </listitem>
1023 </varlistentry>
1024
1025 <varlistentry id="stty">
1026 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1027 <listitem>
1028 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1030 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="sum">
1036 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1040 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="sync">
1046 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1049 and updates the super block</para>
1050 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1051 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1052 </indexterm>
1053 </listitem>
1054 </varlistentry>
1055
1056 <varlistentry id="tac">
1057 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1058 <listitem>
1059 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1060 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1061 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1062 </indexterm>
1063 </listitem>
1064 </varlistentry>
1065
1066 <varlistentry id="tail">
1067 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1068 <listitem>
1069 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1070 given file</para>
1071 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1072 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1073 </indexterm>
1074 </listitem>
1075 </varlistentry>
1076
1077 <varlistentry id="tee">
1078 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1079 <listitem>
1080 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1081 and to the given files</para>
1082 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1083 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1084 </indexterm>
1085 </listitem>
1086 </varlistentry>
1087
1088 <varlistentry id="test">
1089 <term><command>test</command></term>
1090 <listitem>
1091 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1092 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1093 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1094 </indexterm>
1095 </listitem>
1096 </varlistentry>
1097
1098 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1099 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1100 <listitem>
1101 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1102 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1103 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1104 </indexterm>
1105 </listitem>
1106 </varlistentry>
1107
1108 <varlistentry id="touch">
1109 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1110 <listitem>
1111 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1112 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1113 are created with zero length</para>
1114 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1115 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1116 </indexterm>
1117 </listitem>
1118 </varlistentry>
1119
1120 <varlistentry id="tr">
1121 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1122 <listitem>
1123 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1124 standard input</para>
1125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1126 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1127 </indexterm>
1128 </listitem>
1129 </varlistentry>
1130
1131 <varlistentry id="true">
1132 <term><command>true</command></term>
1133 <listitem>
1134 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1135 indicating success</para>
1136 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1137 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1138 </indexterm>
1139 </listitem>
1140 </varlistentry>
1141
1142 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1143 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1144 <listitem>
1145 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1146 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1147 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1148 </indexterm>
1149 </listitem>
1150 </varlistentry>
1151
1152 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1153 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1154 <listitem>
1155 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1156 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1157 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1158 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1159 </indexterm>
1160 </listitem>
1161 </varlistentry>
1162
1163 <varlistentry id="tty">
1164 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1165 <listitem>
1166 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1167 input</para>
1168 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1169 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1170 </indexterm>
1171 </listitem>
1172 </varlistentry>
1173
1174 <varlistentry id="uname">
1175 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1176 <listitem>
1177 <para>Reports system information</para>
1178 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1179 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1180 </indexterm>
1181 </listitem>
1182 </varlistentry>
1183
1184 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1185 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1186 <listitem>
1187 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1189 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1190 </indexterm>
1191 </listitem>
1192 </varlistentry>
1193
1194 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1195 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1196 <listitem>
1197 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1199 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1200 </indexterm>
1201 </listitem>
1202 </varlistentry>
1203
1204 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1205 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1206 <listitem>
1207 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1209 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1210 </indexterm>
1211 </listitem>
1212 </varlistentry>
1213
1214 <varlistentry id="users">
1215 <term><command>users</command></term>
1216 <listitem>
1217 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1219 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1220 </indexterm>
1221 </listitem>
1222 </varlistentry>
1223
1224 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1225 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1226 <listitem>
1227 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1228 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1229 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1230 </indexterm>
1231 </listitem>
1232 </varlistentry>
1233
1234 <varlistentry id="wc">
1235 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1236 <listitem>
1237 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1238 file, as well as grand totals when more than one file is given</para>
1239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1240 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1241 </indexterm>
1242 </listitem>
1243 </varlistentry>
1244
1245 <varlistentry id="who">
1246 <term><command>who</command></term>
1247 <listitem>
1248 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1249 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1250 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1251 </indexterm>
1252 </listitem>
1253 </varlistentry>
1254
1255 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1256 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1257 <listitem>
1258 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1259 user ID</para>
1260 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1261 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1262 </indexterm>
1263 </listitem>
1264 </varlistentry>
1265
1266 <varlistentry id="yes">
1267 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1268 <listitem>
1269 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote>, or a given string, until
1270 killed</para>
1271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1272 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1273 </indexterm>
1274 </listitem>
1275 </varlistentry>
1276
1277 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1278 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1279 <listitem>
1280 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1282 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1283 </indexterm>
1284 </listitem>
1285 </varlistentry>
1286
1287 </variablelist>
1288
1289 </sect2>
1290
1291</sect1>
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