source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ b1df1d7

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Last change on this file since b1df1d7 was b1df1d7, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 2 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
53 without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
57 coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
58 picked up in this package -->
59
60 <para>Now, fix a problem with chmod return values:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-chmod-patch;</userinput></screen>
63
64<!--
65<para>Fix a problem with autoconf-2.70 in an included gnulib .m4 file:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo '# deleted' > m4/std-gnu11.m4</userinput></screen>
68-->
69 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
70
71<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
72FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
73 --prefix=/usr \
74 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
75
76 <variablelist>
77 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
78
79 <varlistentry>
80 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
81 <listitem>
82 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
83 building system of the package, so the configuration files have
84 to be regenerated.</para>
85 </listitem>
86 </varlistentry>
87
88 <varlistentry>
89 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
90 <listitem>
91 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
92 built as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
93 </para>
94 </listitem>
95 </varlistentry>
96
97 <varlistentry>
98 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
99 <listitem>
100 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
101 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
102 </para>
103 </listitem>
104 </varlistentry>
105 </variablelist>
106
107 <para>Compile the package:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
110
111 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
112 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
113
114 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
115 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
116
117 <!-- CLFS note: "su -c" to set the supplementary group IDs.
118 For a normal LFS build, they are already set by 'login' or 'su'.
119 But for CLFS there is no such tool available at the beginning of
120 chapter 7. Currently coreutils is the only package of which the
121 test suite needs the supplementary GIDs set up. -->
122<screen><userinput remap="test">su -c 'make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root'</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
125 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
126 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
127 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
128 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
129
130<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
131
132 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
133 compile and run the tests:</para>
134
135<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
136
137 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
138
139<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
140
141 <para>The test-getlogin test is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
142
143 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
144
145<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
146 <para>Install the package:</para>
147
148<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
149
150 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
151
152<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
153mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
154sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
155
156 </sect2>
157
158 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
159 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
160
161 <segmentedlist>
162 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
163 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
164 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
165
166 <seglistitem>
167 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
168 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
169 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
170 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
171 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
172 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
173 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
174 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
175 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
176 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
177 yes</seg>
178 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
179 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
180 </seglistitem>
181 </segmentedlist>
182
183 <variablelist>
184 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
185 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
186 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
187
188 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
189 <term><command>[</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[, that is a synonym
192 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
194 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
199 <varlistentry id="base32">
200 <term><command>base32</command></term>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
203 (RFC 4648)</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
205 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="base64">
211 <term><command>base64</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
214 (RFC 4648)</para>
215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
216 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
217 </indexterm>
218 </listitem>
219 </varlistentry>
220
221 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
222 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
223 <listitem>
224 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
226 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="basename">
232 <term><command>basename</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
235 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
236 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
237 </indexterm>
238 </listitem>
239 </varlistentry>
240
241 <varlistentry id="basenc">
242 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
243 <listitem>
244 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
246 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="cat">
252 <term><command>cat</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
255 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
256 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
257 </indexterm>
258 </listitem>
259 </varlistentry>
260
261 <varlistentry id="chcon">
262 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
263 <listitem>
264 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
265 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
266 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
267 </indexterm>
268 </listitem>
269 </varlistentry>
270
271 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
272 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
273 <listitem>
274 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
275 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
276 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
277 </indexterm>
278 </listitem>
279 </varlistentry>
280
281 <varlistentry id="chmod">
282 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
283 <listitem>
284 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
285 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
286 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
287 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
288 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
289 </indexterm>
290 </listitem>
291 </varlistentry>
292
293 <varlistentry id="chown">
294 <term><command>chown</command></term>
295 <listitem>
296 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
297 directories</para>
298 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
299 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
300 </indexterm>
301 </listitem>
302 </varlistentry>
303
304 <varlistentry id="chroot">
305 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
306 <listitem>
307 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
308 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
309 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
310 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
311 </indexterm>
312 </listitem>
313 </varlistentry>
314
315 <varlistentry id="cksum">
316 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
317 <listitem>
318 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
319 counts of each specified file</para>
320 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
321 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
322 </indexterm>
323 </listitem>
324 </varlistentry>
325
326 <varlistentry id="comm">
327 <term><command>comm</command></term>
328 <listitem>
329 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
330 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
331 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
332 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
333 </indexterm>
334 </listitem>
335 </varlistentry>
336
337 <varlistentry id="cp">
338 <term><command>cp</command></term>
339 <listitem>
340 <para>Copies files</para>
341 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
342 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
343 </indexterm>
344 </listitem>
345 </varlistentry>
346
347 <varlistentry id="csplit">
348 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
349 <listitem>
350 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
351 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
352 count of each new file</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
354 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="cut">
360 <term><command>cut</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
363 fields or positions</para>
364 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
365 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
366 </indexterm>
367 </listitem>
368 </varlistentry>
369
370 <varlistentry id="date">
371 <term><command>date</command></term>
372 <listitem>
373 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
374 system date</para>
375 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
376 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
377 </indexterm>
378 </listitem>
379 </varlistentry>
380
381 <varlistentry id="dd">
382 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
383 <listitem>
384 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
385 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
386 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
387 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
388 </indexterm>
389 </listitem>
390 </varlistentry>
391
392 <varlistentry id="df">
393 <term><command>df</command></term>
394 <listitem>
395 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
396 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
397 files</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
399 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="dir">
405 <term><command>dir</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
408 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
410 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
416 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
419 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
420 <command>ls</command></para>
421 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
422 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
423 </indexterm>
424 </listitem>
425 </varlistentry>
426
427 <varlistentry id="dirname">
428 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
429 <listitem>
430 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
432 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="du">
438 <term><command>du</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
441 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
442 each of the given files</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
444 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="echo">
450 <term><command>echo</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
454 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="env">
460 <term><command>env</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
464 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="expand">
470 <term><command>expand</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
474 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="expr">
480 <term><command>expr</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
484 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="factor">
490 <term><command>factor</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
494 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="false">
500 <term><command>false</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
503 indicating failure</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
505 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="fmt">
511 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
515 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="fold">
521 <term><command>fold</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
525 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="groups">
531 <term><command>groups</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
535 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="head">
541 <term><command>head</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
544 of each given file</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
546 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="hostid">
552 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
556 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="id">
562 <term><command>id</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
565 of the current user or specified user</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
567 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="install">
573 <term><command>install</command> </term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
576 possible, their owner and group</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
578 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="join">
584 <term><command>join</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
587 separate files</para>
588 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
589 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
590 </indexterm>
591 </listitem>
592 </varlistentry>
593
594 <varlistentry id="link">
595 <term><command>link</command></term>
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
598 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
599 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
600 </indexterm>
601 </listitem>
602 </varlistentry>
603
604 <varlistentry id="ln">
605 <term><command>ln</command></term>
606 <listitem>
607 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
608 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
609 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
610 </indexterm>
611 </listitem>
612 </varlistentry>
613
614 <varlistentry id="logname">
615 <term><command>logname</command></term>
616 <listitem>
617 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
619 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
624 <varlistentry id="ls">
625 <term><command>ls</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
629 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
635 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
639 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
645 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
649 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
655 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
658 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
660 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="mknod">
666 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
669 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
671 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
677 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
681 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="mv">
687 <term><command>mv</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
691 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="nice">
697 <term><command>nice</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
701 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="nl">
707 <term><command>nl</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
711 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="nohup">
717 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
720 a log file</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
722 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="nproc">
728 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
731 process</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
733 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
739 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
743 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="od">
749 <term><command>od</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
753 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="paste">
759 <term><command>paste</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
762 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
764 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
770 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
774 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="pinky">
780 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
783 about the given users</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
785 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="pr">
791 <term><command>pr</command></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
795 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="printenv">
801 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Prints the environment</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
805 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="printf">
811 <term><command>printf</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
814 like the C printf function</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
816 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="ptx">
822 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
825 with each keyword in its context</para>
826 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
827 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
828 </indexterm>
829 </listitem>
830 </varlistentry>
831
832 <varlistentry id="pwd">
833 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
834 <listitem>
835 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
837 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
842 <varlistentry id="readlink">
843 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
846 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
847 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
848 </indexterm>
849 </listitem>
850 </varlistentry>
851
852 <varlistentry id="realpath">
853 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
854 <listitem>
855 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
857 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="rm">
863 <term><command>rm</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
867 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
873 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
877 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="runcon">
883 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
887 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="seq">
893 <term><command>seq</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
896 given increment</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
898 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
904 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
907 checksums</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
909 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
915 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
919 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
925 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
929 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
935 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
939 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
945 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
948 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
949 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
950 </indexterm>
951 </listitem>
952 </varlistentry>
953
954 <varlistentry id="shred">
955 <term><command>shred</command></term>
956 <listitem>
957 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
958 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
960 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="shuf">
966 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
970 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="sleep">
976 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
979 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
980 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
981 </indexterm>
982 </listitem>
983 </varlistentry>
984
985 <varlistentry id="sort">
986 <term><command>sort</command></term>
987 <listitem>
988 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
990 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="split">
996 <term><command>split</command></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
999 lines</para>
1000 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
1001 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
1002 </indexterm>
1003 </listitem>
1004 </varlistentry>
1005
1006 <varlistentry id="stat">
1007 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1008 <listitem>
1009 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1010 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1011 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1012 </indexterm>
1013 </listitem>
1014 </varlistentry>
1015
1016 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1017 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1018 <listitem>
1019 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1020 streams</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1022 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="stty">
1028 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1032 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="sum">
1038 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1041 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1042 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1043 </indexterm>
1044 </listitem>
1045 </varlistentry>
1046
1047 <varlistentry id="sync">
1048 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1049 <listitem>
1050 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1051 and updates the super block</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1053 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="tac">
1059 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1062 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1063 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1064 </indexterm>
1065 </listitem>
1066 </varlistentry>
1067
1068 <varlistentry id="tail">
1069 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1070 <listitem>
1071 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1072 given file</para>
1073 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1074 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1075 </indexterm>
1076 </listitem>
1077 </varlistentry>
1078
1079 <varlistentry id="tee">
1080 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1081 <listitem>
1082 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1083 and to the given files</para>
1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1085 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
1090 <varlistentry id="test">
1091 <term><command>test</command></term>
1092 <listitem>
1093 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1094 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1095 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1096 </indexterm>
1097 </listitem>
1098 </varlistentry>
1099
1100 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1101 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1102 <listitem>
1103 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1104 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1105 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1106 </indexterm>
1107 </listitem>
1108 </varlistentry>
1109
1110 <varlistentry id="touch">
1111 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1112 <listitem>
1113 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1114 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1115 are created with zero length</para>
1116 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1117 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1118 </indexterm>
1119 </listitem>
1120 </varlistentry>
1121
1122 <varlistentry id="tr">
1123 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1124 <listitem>
1125 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1126 standard input</para>
1127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1128 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1129 </indexterm>
1130 </listitem>
1131 </varlistentry>
1132
1133 <varlistentry id="true">
1134 <term><command>true</command></term>
1135 <listitem>
1136 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1137 indicating success</para>
1138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1139 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1140 </indexterm>
1141 </listitem>
1142 </varlistentry>
1143
1144 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1145 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1146 <listitem>
1147 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1148 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1149 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1150 </indexterm>
1151 </listitem>
1152 </varlistentry>
1153
1154 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1155 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1156 <listitem>
1157 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1158 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1160 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1161 </indexterm>
1162 </listitem>
1163 </varlistentry>
1164
1165 <varlistentry id="tty">
1166 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1167 <listitem>
1168 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1169 input</para>
1170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1171 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1172 </indexterm>
1173 </listitem>
1174 </varlistentry>
1175
1176 <varlistentry id="uname">
1177 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1178 <listitem>
1179 <para>Reports system information</para>
1180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1181 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1182 </indexterm>
1183 </listitem>
1184 </varlistentry>
1185
1186 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1187 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1188 <listitem>
1189 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1191 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1192 </indexterm>
1193 </listitem>
1194 </varlistentry>
1195
1196 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1197 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1198 <listitem>
1199 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1200 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1201 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1202 </indexterm>
1203 </listitem>
1204 </varlistentry>
1205
1206 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1207 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1208 <listitem>
1209 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1211 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1212 </indexterm>
1213 </listitem>
1214 </varlistentry>
1215
1216 <varlistentry id="users">
1217 <term><command>users</command></term>
1218 <listitem>
1219 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1221 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1222 </indexterm>
1223 </listitem>
1224 </varlistentry>
1225
1226 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1227 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1228 <listitem>
1229 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1230 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1231 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1232 </indexterm>
1233 </listitem>
1234 </varlistentry>
1235
1236 <varlistentry id="wc">
1237 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1238 <listitem>
1239 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1240 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1241 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1242 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1243 </indexterm>
1244 </listitem>
1245 </varlistentry>
1246
1247 <varlistentry id="who">
1248 <term><command>who</command></term>
1249 <listitem>
1250 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1251 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1252 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1253 </indexterm>
1254 </listitem>
1255 </varlistentry>
1256
1257 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1258 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1259 <listitem>
1260 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1261 user ID</para>
1262 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1263 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1264 </indexterm>
1265 </listitem>
1266 </varlistentry>
1267
1268 <varlistentry id="yes">
1269 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1270 <listitem>
1271 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1272 killed</para>
1273 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1274 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1275 </indexterm>
1276 </listitem>
1277 </varlistentry>
1278
1279 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1280 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1281 <listitem>
1282 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1283 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1284 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1285 </indexterm>
1286 </listitem>
1287 </varlistentry>
1288
1289 </variablelist>
1290
1291 </sect2>
1292
1293</sect1>
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