source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ e4b4c5a

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains the basic utility programs
27 needed by every operating system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>Many bugs have been found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to the Coreutils maintainers, please check first to see if
53 those bugs are reproducible without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
57
58<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
59FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
60 --prefix=/usr \
61 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
62
63 <variablelist>
64 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
65
66 <varlistentry>
67 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
68 <listitem>
69 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
70 build system, so the configuration files must
71 be regenerated.</para>
72 </listitem>
73 </varlistentry>
74
75 <varlistentry>
76 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
77 <listitem>
78 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
79 built by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
80 </para>
81 </listitem>
82 </varlistentry>
83
84 <varlistentry>
85 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
86 <listitem>
87 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
88 installing programs that will be installed by other packages.
89 </para>
90 </listitem>
91 </varlistentry>
92 </variablelist>
93
94 <para>Compile the package:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
99 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
100
101 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
102 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
103
104 <!-- CLFS note: "su -c" to set the supplementary group IDs.
105 For a normal LFS build, they are already set by 'login' or 'su'.
106 But for CLFS there is no such tool available at the beginning of
107 chapter 7. Currently coreutils is the only package of which the
108 test suite needs the supplementary GIDs set up. -->
109<screen><userinput remap="test">su -c 'make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root'</userinput></screen>
110
111 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
112 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
113 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
114 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
115 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">groupadd -g 102 dummy -U tester</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
120 compile and run the tests:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -R tester . </userinput></screen>
123
124 <!-- To editors: in jhalfs the standard input is always piped to "make"
125 so the test failures are not reproducible in jhalfs even if
126 running the build in a PTY. Don't use jhalfs to test if we can
127 remove < /dev/null. -->
128 <para>Now run the tests (using <filename>/dev/null</filename> for the
129 standard input, or two tests may be broken if building LFS in a
130 graphical terminal or a session in SSH or GNU Screen etc. because the
131 standard input is connected to a PTY from host distro, and the device
132 node for such a PTY cannot be accessed from the LFS chroot
133 environment):</para>
134
135<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make -k RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check" \
136 &lt; /dev/null</userinput></screen>
137
138 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
139
140<screen><userinput remap="test">groupdel dummy</userinput></screen>
141
142 <para>
143 Two tests, <filename>tests/cp/preserve-mode.sh</filename> and
144 <filename>tests/mv/acl.sh</filename>, are known to
145 fail in the chroot environment, but pass in a complete system.
146 </para>
147
148 <para>Install the package:</para>
149
150<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
151
152 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
153
154<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
155mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
156sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
157
158 </sect2>
159
160 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
161 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
162
163 <segmentedlist>
164 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
165 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
166 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
167
168 <seglistitem>
169 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
170 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
171 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
172 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
173 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
174 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
175 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
176 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
177 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
178 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
179 yes</seg>
180 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
181 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
182 </seglistitem>
183 </segmentedlist>
184
185 <variablelist>
186 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
187 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
188 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
189
190 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
191 <term><command>[</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[; it is a synonym
194 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
195 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
196 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
197 </indexterm>
198 </listitem>
199 </varlistentry>
200
201 <varlistentry id="base32">
202 <term><command>base32</command></term>
203 <listitem>
204 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
205 (RFC 4648)</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
207 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="base64">
213 <term><command>base64</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
216 (RFC 4648)</para>
217 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
218 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
219 </indexterm>
220 </listitem>
221 </varlistentry>
222
223 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
224 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
225 <listitem>
226 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
228 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="basename">
234 <term><command>basename</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
238 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="basenc">
244 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
248 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="cat">
254 <term><command>cat</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
258 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
259 </indexterm>
260 </listitem>
261 </varlistentry>
262
263 <varlistentry id="chcon">
264 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
265 <listitem>
266 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
268 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
274 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
278 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
279 </indexterm>
280 </listitem>
281 </varlistentry>
282
283 <varlistentry id="chmod">
284 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
285 <listitem>
286 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
287 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to be made, or an
288 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
290 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="chown">
296 <term><command>chown</command></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
299 directories</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
301 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="chroot">
307 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
310 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
312 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="cksum">
318 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
321 counts of each specified file</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
323 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="comm">
329 <term><command>comm</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
332 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
334 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="cp">
340 <term><command>cp</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Copies files</para>
343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
344 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
345 </indexterm>
346 </listitem>
347 </varlistentry>
348
349 <varlistentry id="csplit">
350 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
353 according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting the byte
354 count of each new file</para>
355 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
356 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
357 </indexterm>
358 </listitem>
359 </varlistentry>
360
361 <varlistentry id="cut">
362 <term><command>cut</command></term>
363 <listitem>
364 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
365 fields or positions</para>
366 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
367 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
368 </indexterm>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371
372 <varlistentry id="date">
373 <term><command>date</command></term>
374 <listitem>
375 <para>Displays the current date and time in the given format, or sets the
376 system date and time</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
378 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="dd">
384 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
387 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
388 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
389 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
390 </indexterm>
391 </listitem>
392 </varlistentry>
393
394 <varlistentry id="df">
395 <term><command>df</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
398 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
399 files</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
401 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="dir">
407 <term><command>dir</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
410 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
411 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
412 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414 </listitem>
415 </varlistentry>
416
417 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
418 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
419 <listitem>
420 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
421 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
422 <command>ls</command></para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
424 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="dirname">
430 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>Extracts the directory portion(s) of the given name(s)</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
434 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="du">
440 <term><command>du</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
443 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
444 each of the given files</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
446 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="echo">
452 <term><command>echo</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
456 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="env">
462 <term><command>env</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
466 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="expand">
472 <term><command>expand</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
476 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="expr">
482 <term><command>expr</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
486 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="factor">
492 <term><command>factor</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Prints the prime factors of the specified integers</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
496 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="false">
502 <term><command>false</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
505 indicating failure</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
507 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="fmt">
513 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
517 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="fold">
523 <term><command>fold</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
527 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="groups">
533 <term><command>groups</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
537 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="head">
543 <term><command>head</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
546 of each given file</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
548 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="hostid">
554 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
558 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="id">
564 <term><command>id</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
567 of the current user or specified user</para>
568 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
569 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
570 </indexterm>
571 </listitem>
572 </varlistentry>
573
574 <varlistentry id="install">
575 <term><command>install</command> </term>
576 <listitem>
577 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
578 possible, their owner and group</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
580 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="join">
586 <term><command>join</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
589 separate files</para>
590 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
591 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
592 </indexterm>
593 </listitem>
594 </varlistentry>
595
596 <varlistentry id="link">
597 <term><command>link</command></term>
598 <listitem>
599 <para>Creates a hard link (with the given name) to a file</para>
600 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
601 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
602 </indexterm>
603 </listitem>
604 </varlistentry>
605
606 <varlistentry id="ln">
607 <term><command>ln</command></term>
608 <listitem>
609 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
611 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="logname">
617 <term><command>logname</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
621 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="ls">
627 <term><command>ls</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
630 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
631 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
632 </indexterm>
633 </listitem>
634 </varlistentry>
635
636 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
637 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
638 <listitem>
639 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
640 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
641 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
642 </indexterm>
643 </listitem>
644 </varlistentry>
645
646 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
647 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
648 <listitem>
649 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
651 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
656 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
657 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), "named
660 pipes" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
662 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="mknod">
668 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
671 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
673 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
678 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
679 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
683 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="mv">
689 <term><command>mv</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
692 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
693 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
694 </indexterm>
695 </listitem>
696 </varlistentry>
697
698 <varlistentry id="nice">
699 <term><command>nice</command></term>
700 <listitem>
701 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
703 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="nl">
709 <term><command>nl</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
713 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="nohup">
719 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
722 a log file</para>
723 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
724 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
725 </indexterm>
726 </listitem>
727 </varlistentry>
728
729 <varlistentry id="nproc">
730 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
731 <listitem>
732 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
733 process</para>
734 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
735 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
736 </indexterm>
737 </listitem>
738 </varlistentry>
739
740 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
741 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
742 <listitem>
743 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
744 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
745 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
746 </indexterm>
747 </listitem>
748 </varlistentry>
749
750 <varlistentry id="od">
751 <term><command>od</command></term>
752 <listitem>
753 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
755 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="paste">
761 <term><command>paste</command></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
764 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
766 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
772 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
776 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="pinky">
782 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
785 about the given users</para>
786 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
787 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
788 </indexterm>
789 </listitem>
790 </varlistentry>
791
792 <varlistentry id="pr">
793 <term><command>pr</command></term>
794 <listitem>
795 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
796 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
797 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
798 </indexterm>
799 </listitem>
800 </varlistentry>
801
802 <varlistentry id="printenv">
803 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
804 <listitem>
805 <para>Prints the environment</para>
806 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
807 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
808 </indexterm>
809 </listitem>
810 </varlistentry>
811
812 <varlistentry id="printf">
813 <term><command>printf</command></term>
814 <listitem>
815 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
816 like the C printf function</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
818 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="ptx">
824 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
827 with each keyword in its context</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
829 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="pwd">
835 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
839 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="readlink">
845 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
848 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
849 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
850 </indexterm>
851 </listitem>
852 </varlistentry>
853
854 <varlistentry id="realpath">
855 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
856 <listitem>
857 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
858 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
859 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
860 </indexterm>
861 </listitem>
862 </varlistentry>
863
864 <varlistentry id="rm">
865 <term><command>rm</command></term>
866 <listitem>
867 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
868 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
869 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
870 </indexterm>
871 </listitem>
872 </varlistentry>
873
874 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
875 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
876 <listitem>
877 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
878 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
879 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
880 </indexterm>
881 </listitem>
882 </varlistentry>
883
884 <varlistentry id="runcon">
885 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
886 <listitem>
887 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
889 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
894 <varlistentry id="seq">
895 <term><command>seq</command></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
898 given increment</para>
899 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
900 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
901 </indexterm>
902 </listitem>
903 </varlistentry>
904
905 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
906 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
907 <listitem>
908 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
909 checksums</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
911 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
916 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
917 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
921 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
927 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
931 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
937 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
941 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
947 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
951 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="shred">
957 <term><command>shred</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
960 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
962 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="shuf">
968 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
972 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="sleep">
978 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
982 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="sort">
988 <term><command>sort</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
992 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="split">
998 <term><command>split</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
1001 lines</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
1003 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="stat">
1009 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1013 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1019 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1022 streams</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1024 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="stty">
1030 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1034 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="sum">
1040 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1044 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="sync">
1050 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1053 and updates the super block</para>
1054 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1055 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1056 </indexterm>
1057 </listitem>
1058 </varlistentry>
1059
1060 <varlistentry id="tac">
1061 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1062 <listitem>
1063 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1065 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="tail">
1071 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1074 given file</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1076 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="tee">
1082 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1085 and to the given files</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1087 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="test">
1093 <term><command>test</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1096 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1097 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1098 </indexterm>
1099 </listitem>
1100 </varlistentry>
1101
1102 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1103 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1104 <listitem>
1105 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1107 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 <varlistentry id="touch">
1113 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1114 <listitem>
1115 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1116 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1117 are created with zero length</para>
1118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1119 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1120 </indexterm>
1121 </listitem>
1122 </varlistentry>
1123
1124 <varlistentry id="tr">
1125 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1126 <listitem>
1127 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1128 standard input</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1130 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="true">
1136 <term><command>true</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1139 indicating success</para>
1140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1141 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1142 </indexterm>
1143 </listitem>
1144 </varlistentry>
1145
1146 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1147 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1148 <listitem>
1149 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1151 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1152 </indexterm>
1153 </listitem>
1154 </varlistentry>
1155
1156 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1157 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1158 <listitem>
1159 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1160 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1162 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="tty">
1168 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1171 input</para>
1172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1173 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1174 </indexterm>
1175 </listitem>
1176 </varlistentry>
1177
1178 <varlistentry id="uname">
1179 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1180 <listitem>
1181 <para>Reports system information</para>
1182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1183 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1184 </indexterm>
1185 </listitem>
1186 </varlistentry>
1187
1188 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1189 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1190 <listitem>
1191 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1193 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1199 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1203 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1209 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1213 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1214 </indexterm>
1215 </listitem>
1216 </varlistentry>
1217
1218 <varlistentry id="users">
1219 <term><command>users</command></term>
1220 <listitem>
1221 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1223 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1224 </indexterm>
1225 </listitem>
1226 </varlistentry>
1227
1228 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1229 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1230 <listitem>
1231 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1232 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1233 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1234 </indexterm>
1235 </listitem>
1236 </varlistentry>
1237
1238 <varlistentry id="wc">
1239 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1240 <listitem>
1241 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1242 file, as well as grand totals when more than one file is given</para>
1243 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1244 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1245 </indexterm>
1246 </listitem>
1247 </varlistentry>
1248
1249 <varlistentry id="who">
1250 <term><command>who</command></term>
1251 <listitem>
1252 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1254 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1255 </indexterm>
1256 </listitem>
1257 </varlistentry>
1258
1259 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1260 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1261 <listitem>
1262 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1263 user ID</para>
1264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1265 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1266 </indexterm>
1267 </listitem>
1268 </varlistentry>
1269
1270 <varlistentry id="yes">
1271 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1272 <listitem>
1273 <para>Repeatedly outputs <literal>y</literal> or a given string,
1274 until killed</para>
1275 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1276 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1277 </indexterm>
1278 </listitem>
1279 </varlistentry>
1280
1281 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1282 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1283 <listitem>
1284 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1285 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1286 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1287 </indexterm>
1288 </listitem>
1289 </varlistentry>
1290
1291 </variablelist>
1292
1293 </sect2>
1294
1295</sect1>
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