source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ e8e771a

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains the basic utility programs
27 needed by every operating system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>Many bugs have been found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to the Coreutils maintainers, please check first to see if
53 those bugs are reproducible without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <!-- https://bugs.gnu.org/62403 -->
57<!--
58 <para>Fix a bug in checksum utilities causing failed checks not
59 reported correctly:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/if ( ! match/s/ed_checksums//' -i src/digest.c</userinput></screen>
62-->
63 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
64
65<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
66FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
67 --prefix=/usr \
68 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
69
70 <variablelist>
71 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
72
73 <varlistentry>
74 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
75 <listitem>
76 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
77 build system, so the configuration files must
78 be regenerated.</para>
79 </listitem>
80 </varlistentry>
81
82 <varlistentry>
83 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
84 <listitem>
85 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
86 built by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
87 </para>
88 </listitem>
89 </varlistentry>
90
91 <varlistentry>
92 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
93 <listitem>
94 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
95 installing programs that will be installed by other packages.
96 </para>
97 </listitem>
98 </varlistentry>
99 </variablelist>
100
101 <para>Compile the package:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
106 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
107
108 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
109 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
114 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
115 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
116 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
117 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
118
119<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
120
121 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
122 compile and run the tests:</para>
123
124<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
125
126 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
127
128<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
129
130<!-- Sometimes skipped, but if not it may fail.
131 Please DO NOT remove or comment out this unless we can fully
132 understand it! -->
133 <para>The test-getlogin test may fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
134
135 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
136
137<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
138 <para>Install the package:</para>
139
140<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
141
142 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
145mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
146sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
147
148 </sect2>
149
150 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
151 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
152
153 <segmentedlist>
154 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
155 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
156 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
157
158 <seglistitem>
159 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
160 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
161 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
162 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
163 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
164 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
165 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
166 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
167 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
168 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
169 yes</seg>
170 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
171 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
172 </seglistitem>
173 </segmentedlist>
174
175 <variablelist>
176 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
177 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
178 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
179
180 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
181 <term><command>[</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[; it is a synonym
184 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
185 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
186 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
187 </indexterm>
188 </listitem>
189 </varlistentry>
190
191 <varlistentry id="base32">
192 <term><command>base32</command></term>
193 <listitem>
194 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
195 (RFC 4648)</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
197 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="base64">
203 <term><command>base64</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
206 (RFC 4648)</para>
207 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
208 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
209 </indexterm>
210 </listitem>
211 </varlistentry>
212
213 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
214 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
215 <listitem>
216 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
217 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
218 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
219 </indexterm>
220 </listitem>
221 </varlistentry>
222
223 <varlistentry id="basename">
224 <term><command>basename</command></term>
225 <listitem>
226 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
228 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
229 </indexterm>
230 </listitem>
231 </varlistentry>
232
233 <varlistentry id="basenc">
234 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
235 <listitem>
236 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
237 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
238 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
239 </indexterm>
240 </listitem>
241 </varlistentry>
242
243 <varlistentry id="cat">
244 <term><command>cat</command></term>
245 <listitem>
246 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
248 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="chcon">
254 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
258 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
259 </indexterm>
260 </listitem>
261 </varlistentry>
262
263 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
264 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
265 <listitem>
266 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
268 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="chmod">
274 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
277 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to be made, or an
278 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
279 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
280 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
281 </indexterm>
282 </listitem>
283 </varlistentry>
284
285 <varlistentry id="chown">
286 <term><command>chown</command></term>
287 <listitem>
288 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
289 directories</para>
290 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
291 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
292 </indexterm>
293 </listitem>
294 </varlistentry>
295
296 <varlistentry id="chroot">
297 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
298 <listitem>
299 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
300 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
301 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
302 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
303 </indexterm>
304 </listitem>
305 </varlistentry>
306
307 <varlistentry id="cksum">
308 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
309 <listitem>
310 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
311 counts of each specified file</para>
312 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
313 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
314 </indexterm>
315 </listitem>
316 </varlistentry>
317
318 <varlistentry id="comm">
319 <term><command>comm</command></term>
320 <listitem>
321 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
322 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
324 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="cp">
330 <term><command>cp</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Copies files</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
334 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="csplit">
340 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
343 according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting the byte
344 count of each new file</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
346 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="cut">
352 <term><command>cut</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
355 fields or positions</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
357 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="date">
363 <term><command>date</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>Displays the current date and time in the given format, or sets the
366 system date and time</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
368 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="dd">
374 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
377 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
379 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="df">
385 <term><command>df</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
388 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
389 files</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
391 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="dir">
397 <term><command>dir</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
400 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
401 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
402 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
403 </indexterm>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406
407 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
408 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
411 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
412 <command>ls</command></para>
413 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
414 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
415 </indexterm>
416 </listitem>
417 </varlistentry>
418
419 <varlistentry id="dirname">
420 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>Extracts the directory portion(s) of the given name(s)</para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
424 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="du">
430 <term><command>du</command></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
433 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
434 each of the given files</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
436 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="echo">
442 <term><command>echo</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
446 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="env">
452 <term><command>env</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
456 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="expand">
462 <term><command>expand</command></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
466 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="expr">
472 <term><command>expr</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
476 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="factor">
482 <term><command>factor</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Prints the prime factors of the specified integers</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
486 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="false">
492 <term><command>false</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
495 indicating failure</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
497 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="fmt">
503 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
507 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="fold">
513 <term><command>fold</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
517 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="groups">
523 <term><command>groups</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
527 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="head">
533 <term><command>head</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
536 of each given file</para>
537 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
538 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
539 </indexterm>
540 </listitem>
541 </varlistentry>
542
543 <varlistentry id="hostid">
544 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
545 <listitem>
546 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
548 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="id">
554 <term><command>id</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
557 of the current user or specified user</para>
558 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
559 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
560 </indexterm>
561 </listitem>
562 </varlistentry>
563
564 <varlistentry id="install">
565 <term><command>install</command> </term>
566 <listitem>
567 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
568 possible, their owner and group</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
570 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="join">
576 <term><command>join</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
579 separate files</para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
581 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="link">
587 <term><command>link</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Creates a hard link (with the given name) to a file</para>
590 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
591 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
592 </indexterm>
593 </listitem>
594 </varlistentry>
595
596 <varlistentry id="ln">
597 <term><command>ln</command></term>
598 <listitem>
599 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
600 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
601 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
602 </indexterm>
603 </listitem>
604 </varlistentry>
605
606 <varlistentry id="logname">
607 <term><command>logname</command></term>
608 <listitem>
609 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
611 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="ls">
617 <term><command>ls</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
621 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
627 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
630 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
631 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
632 </indexterm>
633 </listitem>
634 </varlistentry>
635
636 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
637 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
638 <listitem>
639 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
640 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
641 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
642 </indexterm>
643 </listitem>
644 </varlistentry>
645
646 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
647 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
648 <listitem>
649 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), "named
650 pipes" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
652 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="mknod">
658 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
661 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
663 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
668 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
669 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
673 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
678 <varlistentry id="mv">
679 <term><command>mv</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
683 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="nice">
689 <term><command>nice</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
692 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
693 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
694 </indexterm>
695 </listitem>
696 </varlistentry>
697
698 <varlistentry id="nl">
699 <term><command>nl</command></term>
700 <listitem>
701 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
703 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="nohup">
709 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
712 a log file</para>
713 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
714 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
715 </indexterm>
716 </listitem>
717 </varlistentry>
718
719 <varlistentry id="nproc">
720 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
721 <listitem>
722 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
723 process</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
725 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
731 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
734 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
735 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
736 </indexterm>
737 </listitem>
738 </varlistentry>
739
740 <varlistentry id="od">
741 <term><command>od</command></term>
742 <listitem>
743 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
744 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
745 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
746 </indexterm>
747 </listitem>
748 </varlistentry>
749
750 <varlistentry id="paste">
751 <term><command>paste</command></term>
752 <listitem>
753 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
754 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
756 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
762 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
766 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="pinky">
772 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
775 about the given users</para>
776 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
777 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
778 </indexterm>
779 </listitem>
780 </varlistentry>
781
782 <varlistentry id="pr">
783 <term><command>pr</command></term>
784 <listitem>
785 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
786 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
787 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
788 </indexterm>
789 </listitem>
790 </varlistentry>
791
792 <varlistentry id="printenv">
793 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
794 <listitem>
795 <para>Prints the environment</para>
796 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
797 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
798 </indexterm>
799 </listitem>
800 </varlistentry>
801
802 <varlistentry id="printf">
803 <term><command>printf</command></term>
804 <listitem>
805 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
806 like the C printf function</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
808 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="ptx">
814 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
817 with each keyword in its context</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
819 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="pwd">
825 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
829 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="readlink">
835 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
839 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="realpath">
845 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
848 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
849 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
850 </indexterm>
851 </listitem>
852 </varlistentry>
853
854 <varlistentry id="rm">
855 <term><command>rm</command></term>
856 <listitem>
857 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
858 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
859 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
860 </indexterm>
861 </listitem>
862 </varlistentry>
863
864 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
865 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
866 <listitem>
867 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
868 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
869 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
870 </indexterm>
871 </listitem>
872 </varlistentry>
873
874 <varlistentry id="runcon">
875 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
876 <listitem>
877 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
878 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
879 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
880 </indexterm>
881 </listitem>
882 </varlistentry>
883
884 <varlistentry id="seq">
885 <term><command>seq</command></term>
886 <listitem>
887 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
888 given increment</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
890 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
896 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
899 checksums</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
901 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
907 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
910 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
911 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
912 </indexterm>
913 </listitem>
914 </varlistentry>
915
916 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
917 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
918 <listitem>
919 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
921 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
927 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
931 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
937 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
941 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="shred">
947 <term><command>shred</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
950 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
952 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="shuf">
958 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
962 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="sleep">
968 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
972 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="sort">
978 <term><command>sort</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
982 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="split">
988 <term><command>split</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
991 lines</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
993 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="stat">
999 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1003 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1009 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1012 streams</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1014 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="stty">
1020 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1024 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="sum">
1030 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1034 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="sync">
1040 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1043 and updates the super block</para>
1044 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1045 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1046 </indexterm>
1047 </listitem>
1048 </varlistentry>
1049
1050 <varlistentry id="tac">
1051 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1052 <listitem>
1053 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1054 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1055 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1056 </indexterm>
1057 </listitem>
1058 </varlistentry>
1059
1060 <varlistentry id="tail">
1061 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1062 <listitem>
1063 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1064 given file</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1066 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="tee">
1072 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1075 and to the given files</para>
1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1077 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
1082 <varlistentry id="test">
1083 <term><command>test</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1087 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1093 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1096 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1097 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1098 </indexterm>
1099 </listitem>
1100 </varlistentry>
1101
1102 <varlistentry id="touch">
1103 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1104 <listitem>
1105 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1106 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1107 are created with zero length</para>
1108 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1109 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1110 </indexterm>
1111 </listitem>
1112 </varlistentry>
1113
1114 <varlistentry id="tr">
1115 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1116 <listitem>
1117 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1118 standard input</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1120 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="true">
1126 <term><command>true</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1129 indicating success</para>
1130 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1131 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1132 </indexterm>
1133 </listitem>
1134 </varlistentry>
1135
1136 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1137 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1138 <listitem>
1139 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1140 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1141 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1142 </indexterm>
1143 </listitem>
1144 </varlistentry>
1145
1146 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1147 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1148 <listitem>
1149 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1150 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1152 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="tty">
1158 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1161 input</para>
1162 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1163 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1164 </indexterm>
1165 </listitem>
1166 </varlistentry>
1167
1168 <varlistentry id="uname">
1169 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1170 <listitem>
1171 <para>Reports system information</para>
1172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1173 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1174 </indexterm>
1175 </listitem>
1176 </varlistentry>
1177
1178 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1179 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1180 <listitem>
1181 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1183 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1184 </indexterm>
1185 </listitem>
1186 </varlistentry>
1187
1188 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1189 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1190 <listitem>
1191 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1193 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1199 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1200 <listitem>
1201 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1203 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="users">
1209 <term><command>users</command></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1213 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1214 </indexterm>
1215 </listitem>
1216 </varlistentry>
1217
1218 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1219 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1220 <listitem>
1221 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1223 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1224 </indexterm>
1225 </listitem>
1226 </varlistentry>
1227
1228 <varlistentry id="wc">
1229 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1230 <listitem>
1231 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1232 file, as well as grand totals when more than one file is given</para>
1233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1234 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1235 </indexterm>
1236 </listitem>
1237 </varlistentry>
1238
1239 <varlistentry id="who">
1240 <term><command>who</command></term>
1241 <listitem>
1242 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1243 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1244 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1245 </indexterm>
1246 </listitem>
1247 </varlistentry>
1248
1249 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1250 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1251 <listitem>
1252 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1253 user ID</para>
1254 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1255 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1256 </indexterm>
1257 </listitem>
1258 </varlistentry>
1259
1260 <varlistentry id="yes">
1261 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1262 <listitem>
1263 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote>, or a given string, until
1264 killed</para>
1265 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1266 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1267 </indexterm>
1268 </listitem>
1269 </varlistentry>
1270
1271 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1272 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1273 <listitem>
1274 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1275 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1276 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1277 </indexterm>
1278 </listitem>
1279 </varlistentry>
1280
1281 </variablelist>
1282
1283 </sect2>
1284
1285</sect1>
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