source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ f333d75

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Last change on this file since f333d75 was f333d75, checked in by William Harrington <kb0iic@…>, 2 years ago

Package updates and nobody uid change.
Change nobody/nogroup uid/git to 65534.
Update to meson-0.62.1.
Update to libpipeline-1.5.6.
Update to elfutils-0.187.
Update to Jinja2-3.1.2.
Update to vim-8.2.4814.
Update to sysvinit-3.03.
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Update to gcc-11.3.0.
Update to coreutils-9.1.
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
53 without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
57 coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
58 picked up in this package -->
59<!--
60 <para>Now, fix a problem with chmod return values:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-chmod-patch;</userinput></screen>
63-->
64 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
67FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
78 building system of the package, so the configuration files have
79 to be regenerated.</para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
87 built as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91
92 <varlistentry>
93 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
94 <listitem>
95 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
96 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
97 </para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100 </variablelist>
101
102 <para>Compile the package:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
107 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
108
109 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
110 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
115 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
116 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
117 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
118 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
121
122 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
123 compile and run the tests:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
130
131<!-- test-getlogin is now skipped
132 <para>The test-getlogin test is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
133-->
134 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
135
136<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
137 <para>Install the package:</para>
138
139<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
140
141 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
142
143<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
144mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
145sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
146
147 </sect2>
148
149 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
150 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
151
152 <segmentedlist>
153 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
154 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
155 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
156
157 <seglistitem>
158 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
159 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
160 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
161 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
162 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
163 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
164 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
165 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
166 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
167 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
168 yes</seg>
169 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
170 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
171 </seglistitem>
172 </segmentedlist>
173
174 <variablelist>
175 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
176 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
177 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
178
179 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
180 <term><command>[</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[, that is a synonym
183 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
185 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
190 <varlistentry id="base32">
191 <term><command>base32</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
194 (RFC 4648)</para>
195 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
196 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
197 </indexterm>
198 </listitem>
199 </varlistentry>
200
201 <varlistentry id="base64">
202 <term><command>base64</command></term>
203 <listitem>
204 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
205 (RFC 4648)</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
207 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
213 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
217 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="basename">
223 <term><command>basename</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
227 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="basenc">
233 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
237 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="cat">
243 <term><command>cat</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
247 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
248 </indexterm>
249 </listitem>
250 </varlistentry>
251
252 <varlistentry id="chcon">
253 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
254 <listitem>
255 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
257 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
263 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
266 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
267 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
268 </indexterm>
269 </listitem>
270 </varlistentry>
271
272 <varlistentry id="chmod">
273 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
274 <listitem>
275 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
276 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
277 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
279 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="chown">
285 <term><command>chown</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
288 directories</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
290 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="chroot">
296 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
299 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
301 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="cksum">
307 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
310 counts of each specified file</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
312 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="comm">
318 <term><command>comm</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
321 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
323 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="cp">
329 <term><command>cp</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Copies files</para>
332 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
333 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
334 </indexterm>
335 </listitem>
336 </varlistentry>
337
338 <varlistentry id="csplit">
339 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
340 <listitem>
341 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
342 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
343 count of each new file</para>
344 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
345 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
346 </indexterm>
347 </listitem>
348 </varlistentry>
349
350 <varlistentry id="cut">
351 <term><command>cut</command></term>
352 <listitem>
353 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
354 fields or positions</para>
355 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
356 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
357 </indexterm>
358 </listitem>
359 </varlistentry>
360
361 <varlistentry id="date">
362 <term><command>date</command></term>
363 <listitem>
364 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
365 system date</para>
366 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
367 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
368 </indexterm>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371
372 <varlistentry id="dd">
373 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
374 <listitem>
375 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
376 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
378 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="df">
384 <term><command>df</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
387 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
388 files</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
390 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="dir">
396 <term><command>dir</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
399 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
401 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
407 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
410 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
411 <command>ls</command></para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
413 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="dirname">
419 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
423 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="du">
429 <term><command>du</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
432 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
433 each of the given files</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
435 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="echo">
441 <term><command>echo</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
445 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="env">
451 <term><command>env</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
454 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
455 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
456 </indexterm>
457 </listitem>
458 </varlistentry>
459
460 <varlistentry id="expand">
461 <term><command>expand</command></term>
462 <listitem>
463 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
465 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="expr">
471 <term><command>expr</command></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
475 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="factor">
481 <term><command>factor</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
485 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="false">
491 <term><command>false</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
494 indicating failure</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
496 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="fmt">
502 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
506 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="fold">
512 <term><command>fold</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
516 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="groups">
522 <term><command>groups</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
526 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="head">
532 <term><command>head</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
535 of each given file</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
537 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="hostid">
543 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
547 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="id">
553 <term><command>id</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
556 of the current user or specified user</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
558 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="install">
564 <term><command>install</command> </term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
567 possible, their owner and group</para>
568 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
569 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
570 </indexterm>
571 </listitem>
572 </varlistentry>
573
574 <varlistentry id="join">
575 <term><command>join</command></term>
576 <listitem>
577 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
578 separate files</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
580 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="link">
586 <term><command>link</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
590 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="ln">
596 <term><command>ln</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
600 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="logname">
606 <term><command>logname</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
610 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="ls">
616 <term><command>ls</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
620 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
625 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
626 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
630 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
636 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
640 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
646 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
649 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
651 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
656 <varlistentry id="mknod">
657 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
660 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
662 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
668 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
672 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
677 <varlistentry id="mv">
678 <term><command>mv</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
682 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="nice">
688 <term><command>nice</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
692 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="nl">
698 <term><command>nl</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
702 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="nohup">
708 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
711 a log file</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
713 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="nproc">
719 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
722 process</para>
723 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
724 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
725 </indexterm>
726 </listitem>
727 </varlistentry>
728
729 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
730 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
731 <listitem>
732 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
734 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="od">
740 <term><command>od</command></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
744 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="paste">
750 <term><command>paste</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
753 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
755 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
761 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
765 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="pinky">
771 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
774 about the given users</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
776 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="pr">
782 <term><command>pr</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
786 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="printenv">
792 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Prints the environment</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
796 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="printf">
802 <term><command>printf</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
805 like the C printf function</para>
806 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
807 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
808 </indexterm>
809 </listitem>
810 </varlistentry>
811
812 <varlistentry id="ptx">
813 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
814 <listitem>
815 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
816 with each keyword in its context</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
818 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="pwd">
824 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
828 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="readlink">
834 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
838 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="realpath">
844 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
848 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="rm">
854 <term><command>rm</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
858 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
864 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
868 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="runcon">
874 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
878 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="seq">
884 <term><command>seq</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
887 given increment</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
889 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
894 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
895 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
898 checksums</para>
899 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
900 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
901 </indexterm>
902 </listitem>
903 </varlistentry>
904
905 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
906 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
907 <listitem>
908 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
909 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
910 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
911 </indexterm>
912 </listitem>
913 </varlistentry>
914
915 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
916 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
917 <listitem>
918 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
919 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
920 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
921 </indexterm>
922 </listitem>
923 </varlistentry>
924
925 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
926 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
927 <listitem>
928 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
930 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
936 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
940 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="shred">
946 <term><command>shred</command></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
949 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
951 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="shuf">
957 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
961 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="sleep">
967 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
971 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="sort">
977 <term><command>sort</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
981 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="split">
987 <term><command>split</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
990 lines</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
992 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="stat">
998 <term><command>stat</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1002 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1008 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1011 streams</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1013 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="stty">
1019 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1023 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 <varlistentry id="sum">
1029 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1033 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="sync">
1039 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1042 and updates the super block</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1044 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="tac">
1050 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1054 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="tail">
1060 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1063 given file</para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1065 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="tee">
1071 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1074 and to the given files</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1076 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="test">
1082 <term><command>test</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1086 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
1091 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1092 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
1094 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1096 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="touch">
1102 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1105 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1106 are created with zero length</para>
1107 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1108 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1109 </indexterm>
1110 </listitem>
1111 </varlistentry>
1112
1113 <varlistentry id="tr">
1114 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1115 <listitem>
1116 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1117 standard input</para>
1118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1119 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1120 </indexterm>
1121 </listitem>
1122 </varlistentry>
1123
1124 <varlistentry id="true">
1125 <term><command>true</command></term>
1126 <listitem>
1127 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1128 indicating success</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1130 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1136 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1140 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1146 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1149 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1151 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1152 </indexterm>
1153 </listitem>
1154 </varlistentry>
1155
1156 <varlistentry id="tty">
1157 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1158 <listitem>
1159 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1160 input</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1162 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="uname">
1168 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Reports system information</para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1172 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1178 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1182 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1183 </indexterm>
1184 </listitem>
1185 </varlistentry>
1186
1187 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1188 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1189 <listitem>
1190 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1192 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1193 </indexterm>
1194 </listitem>
1195 </varlistentry>
1196
1197 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1198 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1199 <listitem>
1200 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1202 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1203 </indexterm>
1204 </listitem>
1205 </varlistentry>
1206
1207 <varlistentry id="users">
1208 <term><command>users</command></term>
1209 <listitem>
1210 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1212 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1213 </indexterm>
1214 </listitem>
1215 </varlistentry>
1216
1217 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1218 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1219 <listitem>
1220 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1221 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1222 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1223 </indexterm>
1224 </listitem>
1225 </varlistentry>
1226
1227 <varlistentry id="wc">
1228 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1229 <listitem>
1230 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1231 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1232 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1233 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1234 </indexterm>
1235 </listitem>
1236 </varlistentry>
1237
1238 <varlistentry id="who">
1239 <term><command>who</command></term>
1240 <listitem>
1241 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1243 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1244 </indexterm>
1245 </listitem>
1246 </varlistentry>
1247
1248 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1249 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1250 <listitem>
1251 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1252 user ID</para>
1253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1254 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1255 </indexterm>
1256 </listitem>
1257 </varlistentry>
1258
1259 <varlistentry id="yes">
1260 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1261 <listitem>
1262 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1263 killed</para>
1264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1265 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1266 </indexterm>
1267 </listitem>
1268 </varlistentry>
1269
1270 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1271 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1272 <listitem>
1273 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1275 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1276 </indexterm>
1277 </listitem>
1278 </varlistentry>
1279
1280 </variablelist>
1281
1282 </sect2>
1283
1284</sect1>
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