1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>glibc</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&glibc-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
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27 | the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
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28 | closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
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29 | arithmetic, and so on.</para>
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30 |
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31 | <segmentedlist>
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32 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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33 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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34 |
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35 | <seglistitem>
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36 | <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
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37 | <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
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38 | </seglistitem>
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39 | </segmentedlist>
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40 |
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41 | </sect2>
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42 |
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43 | <sect2 role="installation">
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44 | <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
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45 |
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46 | <!-- applied in 2.35 (commit b805aebd42364fe696e417808a700fdb9800c9e8)
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47 | <para>First, fix a security problem identified upstream:</para>
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48 |
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49 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/NOTIFY_REMOVED)/s/)/ \&\& data.attr != NULL)/' \
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50 | -i sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mq_notify.c</userinput></screen>
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51 | -->
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52 | <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
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53 | <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
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54 | their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
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55 | store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
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56 |
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57 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
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58 |
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59 | <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
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60 | in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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61 |
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62 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
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63 | cd build</userinput></screen>
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64 |
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65 | <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
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66 | utilities will be installed into
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67 | <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
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68 |
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69 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms</userinput></screen>
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70 |
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71 | <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
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72 |
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73 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
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74 | --disable-werror \
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75 | --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
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76 | --enable-stack-protector=strong \
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77 | --with-headers=/usr/include \
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78 | libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
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79 |
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80 | <variablelist>
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81 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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82 |
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83 | <varlistentry>
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84 | <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
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85 | <listitem>
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86 | <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
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87 | GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
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88 | </listitem>
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89 | </varlistentry>
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90 |
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91 | <varlistentry>
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92 | <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
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93 | <listitem>
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94 | <para>This option tells the build system that this glibc may
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95 | be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
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96 | workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
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97 | cannot be used.</para>
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98 | </listitem>
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99 | </varlistentry>
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100 |
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101 | <varlistentry>
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102 | <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
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103 | <listitem>
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104 | <para>This option increases system security by adding
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105 | extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
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106 | smashing attacks.</para>
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107 | </listitem>
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108 | </varlistentry>
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109 | <!-- do we need this one? -->
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110 | <varlistentry>
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111 | <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
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112 | <listitem>
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113 | <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
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114 | kernel API headers.</para>
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115 | </listitem>
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116 | </varlistentry>
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117 |
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118 | <varlistentry>
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119 | <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
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120 | <listitem>
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121 | <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
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122 | systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
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123 | </listitem>
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124 | </varlistentry>
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125 |
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126 | </variablelist>
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127 |
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128 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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129 |
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130 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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131 |
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132 | <important>
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133 | <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
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134 | Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
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135 | </important>
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136 |
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137 | <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
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138 | are usually safe to ignore.</para>
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139 |
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140 | <!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
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141 | <!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
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142 | i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
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143 | x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
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144 | esac</userinput></screen>
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145 |
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146 | <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
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147 | stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
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148 | in the install phase below.</para></note>
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149 | -->
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150 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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151 |
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152 | <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
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153 | somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
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154 | over 4200 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
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155 | most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
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156 |
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157 | <itemizedlist>
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158 |
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159 | <listitem>
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160 | <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
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161 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
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162 | </listitem>
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163 |
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164 | <listitem>
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165 | <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
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166 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
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167 | </listitem>
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168 |
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169 | <listitem>
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170 | <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-long</emphasis>
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171 | test is known to fail if the system has no non-loopback IP
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172 | addresses.</para> <!-- PR 24816 -->
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173 | </listitem>
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174 |
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175 | <listitem>
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176 | <para>Some tests, for example
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177 | <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
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178 | are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
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179 | timeout.</para>
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180 | </listitem>
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181 |
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182 | <!--
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183 | https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/lfs-support/2022-06/msg00022.html
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184 | https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-June/139839.html
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185 | -->
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186 | <listitem>
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187 | <para>About 27 tests, for example <emphasis>elf/tst-pldd</emphasis>,
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188 | are known to fail if the kernel supports namespaces (see
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189 | <filename>namespaces(7)</filename> for details) but the host distro
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190 | has disabled them via sysctl.</para>
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191 | </listitem>
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192 | <!--
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193 | <listitem>
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194 | <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
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195 | the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91–4.14.96,
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196 | 4.19.13–4.19.18, and 4.20.0–4.20.5 are known to
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197 | cause these tests to fail.
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198 | </para>
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199 | </listitem>
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200 |
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201 | <listitem>
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202 | <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
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203 | systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
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204 | AMD processor.</para>
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205 | </listitem>
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206 | -->
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207 | </itemizedlist>
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208 |
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209 | <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
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210 | complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
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211 | Prevent this warning with:</para>
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212 |
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213 | <screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
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214 |
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215 | <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
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216 | that fails in the LFS partial environment:
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217 | </para>
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218 |
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219 | <screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
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220 |
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221 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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222 |
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223 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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224 |
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225 | <para>Fix hardcoded path to the executable loader in
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226 | <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
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227 |
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228 | <screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
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229 |
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230 | <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
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231 | <command>nscd</command>:</para>
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232 |
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233 | <screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
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234 | mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
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235 |
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236 | <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
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237 | <command>nscd</command>:</para>
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238 |
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239 | <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
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240 | install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
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241 |
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242 | <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
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243 | different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
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244 | are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
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245 | testcases.</para>
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246 |
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247 | <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
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248 | <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
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249 | <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
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250 | <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
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251 | charset-independent locale definition with the
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252 | <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
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253 | charmap definition and appends the result to the
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254 | <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
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255 | The following instructions will install the minimum set of
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256 | locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
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257 |
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258 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
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259 | localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
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260 | localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
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261 | localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
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262 | localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
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263 | localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
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264 | localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
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265 | localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
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266 | localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
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267 | localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
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268 | localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
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269 | localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
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270 | localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
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271 | localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
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272 | localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
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273 | localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
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274 | localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
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275 | localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
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276 | localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
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277 | localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
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278 | localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
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279 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
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280 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
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281 | localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
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282 | localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
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283 | localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
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284 | localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
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285 | localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
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286 | localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
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287 | localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
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288 | localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
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289 | localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
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290 | localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
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291 | localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
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292 | localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
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293 | localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
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294 |
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295 | <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
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296 | character set.</para>
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297 |
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298 | <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
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299 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
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300 | (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
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301 | following time-consuming command:</para>
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302 |
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303 | <screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
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304 |
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305 | <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
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306 | install locales not listed in the
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307 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
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308 | when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
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309 | needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
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310 |
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311 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
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312 | localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
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313 |
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314 | <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
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315 | domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
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316 | is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
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317 | <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
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318 | </para></note>
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319 |
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320 | </sect2>
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321 |
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322 | <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
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323 | <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
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324 |
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325 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
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326 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
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327 | </indexterm>
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328 |
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329 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
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330 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
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331 | </indexterm>
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332 |
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333 | <sect3>
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334 | <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
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335 |
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336 | <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
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337 | because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
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338 | </para>
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339 |
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340 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
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341 | following:</para>
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342 |
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343 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
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344 | <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
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345 |
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346 | passwd: files
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347 | group: files
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348 | shadow: files
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349 |
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350 | hosts: files dns
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351 | networks: files
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352 |
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353 | protocols: files
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354 | services: files
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355 | ethers: files
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356 | rpc: files
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357 |
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358 | # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
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359 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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360 |
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361 | </sect3>
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362 |
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363 | <sect3>
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364 | <title>Adding time zone data</title>
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365 |
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366 | <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
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367 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
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368 |
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369 | ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
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370 | mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
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371 |
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372 | for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
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373 | asia australasia backward; do
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374 | zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
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375 | zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
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376 | zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
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377 | done
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378 |
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379 | cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
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380 | zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
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381 | unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
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382 |
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383 | <variablelist>
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384 | <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
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385 |
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386 | <varlistentry>
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387 | <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
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388 | <listitem>
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389 | <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
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390 | conventional to put these in both
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391 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
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392 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
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393 | necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
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394 | <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
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395 | test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
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396 | tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
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397 | 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
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398 | directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
|
---|
399 | failures.</para>
|
---|
400 | </listitem>
|
---|
401 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
402 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
403 | <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
|
---|
404 | <listitem>
|
---|
405 | <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
|
---|
406 | embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
|
---|
407 | ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
|
---|
408 | save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
|
---|
409 | directory.</para>
|
---|
410 | </listitem>
|
---|
411 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
412 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
413 | <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
|
---|
414 | <listitem>
|
---|
415 | <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
|
---|
416 | New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
|
---|
417 | to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
|
---|
418 | </listitem>
|
---|
419 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
420 | </variablelist>
|
---|
421 |
|
---|
422 |
|
---|
423 | <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
|
---|
424 | script:</para>
|
---|
425 |
|
---|
426 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
|
---|
427 |
|
---|
428 | <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
|
---|
429 | output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
|
---|
430 | <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
|
---|
431 | time zones listed in <filename
|
---|
432 | class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
|
---|
433 | <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
|
---|
434 | are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
|
---|
435 |
|
---|
436 | <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
|
---|
437 | running:</para>
|
---|
438 |
|
---|
439 | <screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable><xxx></replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
|
---|
440 |
|
---|
441 | <para>Replace <replaceable><xxx></replaceable> with the name of the
|
---|
442 | time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | </sect3>
|
---|
445 |
|
---|
446 | <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
|
---|
447 | <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
|
---|
448 |
|
---|
449 | <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
|
---|
450 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
|
---|
451 | </indexterm>
|
---|
452 |
|
---|
453 | <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
|
---|
454 | class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
|
---|
455 | <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
|
---|
456 | class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
|
---|
457 | needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
|
---|
458 | directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
|
---|
459 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
|
---|
460 | to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
|
---|
461 | dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
|
---|
462 | to contain additional libraries are <filename
|
---|
463 | class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
|
---|
464 | class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
|
---|
465 | dynamic loader's search path.</para>
|
---|
466 |
|
---|
467 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
|
---|
468 | following:</para>
|
---|
469 |
|
---|
470 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
471 | <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
|
---|
472 | /usr/local/lib
|
---|
473 | /opt/lib
|
---|
474 | </literal>
|
---|
475 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
476 |
|
---|
477 | <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
|
---|
478 | include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
|
---|
479 | this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
|
---|
480 | To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
|
---|
483 | <literal># Add an include directory
|
---|
484 | include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
|
---|
485 | </literal>
|
---|
486 | EOF
|
---|
487 | mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
|
---|
488 |
|
---|
489 | </sect3>
|
---|
490 | </sect2>
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
|
---|
493 | <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
|
---|
494 |
|
---|
495 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
496 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
---|
497 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
|
---|
498 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
|
---|
499 |
|
---|
500 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
501 | <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
|
---|
502 | ldd, lddlibc4,
|
---|
503 | ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
|
---|
504 | locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
|
---|
505 | pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
|
---|
506 | zdump, and zic</seg>
|
---|
507 | <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
|
---|
508 | libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
|
---|
509 | libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
|
---|
510 | libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
|
---|
511 | libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
|
---|
512 | libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
|
---|
513 | libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
|
---|
514 | libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
|
---|
515 | libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
|
---|
516 | <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
|
---|
517 | /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
|
---|
518 | /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
|
---|
519 | /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
|
---|
520 | /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
|
---|
521 | /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
|
---|
522 | /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
|
---|
523 | /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
|
---|
524 | /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
|
---|
525 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
526 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
527 |
|
---|
528 | <variablelist>
|
---|
529 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
---|
530 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
---|
531 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | <varlistentry id="gencat">
|
---|
534 | <term><command>gencat</command></term>
|
---|
535 | <listitem>
|
---|
536 | <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
|
---|
537 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
|
---|
538 | <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
|
---|
539 | </indexterm>
|
---|
540 | </listitem>
|
---|
541 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
542 |
|
---|
543 | <varlistentry id="getconf">
|
---|
544 | <term><command>getconf</command></term>
|
---|
545 | <listitem>
|
---|
546 | <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
|
---|
547 | specific variables</para>
|
---|
548 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
|
---|
549 | <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
|
---|
550 | </indexterm>
|
---|
551 | </listitem>
|
---|
552 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
553 |
|
---|
554 | <varlistentry id="getent">
|
---|
555 | <term><command>getent</command></term>
|
---|
556 | <listitem>
|
---|
557 | <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
|
---|
558 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
|
---|
559 | <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
|
---|
560 | </indexterm>
|
---|
561 | </listitem>
|
---|
562 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
563 |
|
---|
564 | <varlistentry id="iconv">
|
---|
565 | <term><command>iconv</command></term>
|
---|
566 | <listitem>
|
---|
567 | <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
|
---|
568 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
|
---|
569 | <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
|
---|
570 | </indexterm>
|
---|
571 | </listitem>
|
---|
572 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
573 |
|
---|
574 | <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
|
---|
575 | <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
|
---|
576 | <listitem>
|
---|
577 | <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
|
---|
578 | files</para>
|
---|
579 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
|
---|
580 | <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
|
---|
581 | </indexterm>
|
---|
582 | </listitem>
|
---|
583 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
584 |
|
---|
585 | <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
|
---|
586 | <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
|
---|
587 | <listitem>
|
---|
588 | <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
|
---|
589 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
|
---|
590 | <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
|
---|
591 | </indexterm>
|
---|
592 | </listitem>
|
---|
593 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | <varlistentry id="ldd">
|
---|
596 | <term><command>ldd</command></term>
|
---|
597 | <listitem>
|
---|
598 | <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
|
---|
599 | by each given program or shared library</para>
|
---|
600 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
|
---|
601 | <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
|
---|
602 | </indexterm>
|
---|
603 | </listitem>
|
---|
604 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
605 |
|
---|
606 | <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
|
---|
607 | <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
|
---|
608 | <listitem>
|
---|
609 | <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
|
---|
610 | It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
|
---|
611 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
|
---|
612 | <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
|
---|
613 | </indexterm>
|
---|
614 | </listitem>
|
---|
615 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
616 |
|
---|
617 | <varlistentry id="locale">
|
---|
618 | <term><command>locale</command></term>
|
---|
619 | <listitem>
|
---|
620 | <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
|
---|
621 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
|
---|
622 | <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
|
---|
623 | </indexterm>
|
---|
624 | </listitem>
|
---|
625 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
626 |
|
---|
627 | <varlistentry id="localedef">
|
---|
628 | <term><command>localedef</command></term>
|
---|
629 | <listitem>
|
---|
630 | <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
|
---|
631 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
|
---|
632 | <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
|
---|
633 | </indexterm>
|
---|
634 | </listitem>
|
---|
635 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
636 |
|
---|
637 | <varlistentry id="makedb">
|
---|
638 | <term><command>makedb</command></term>
|
---|
639 | <listitem>
|
---|
640 | <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
|
---|
641 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
|
---|
642 | <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
|
---|
643 | </indexterm>
|
---|
644 | </listitem>
|
---|
645 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
646 |
|
---|
647 | <varlistentry id="mtrace">
|
---|
648 | <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
|
---|
649 | <listitem>
|
---|
650 | <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
|
---|
651 | in human-readable format</para>
|
---|
652 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
|
---|
653 | <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
|
---|
654 | </indexterm>
|
---|
655 | </listitem>
|
---|
656 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
657 |
|
---|
658 | <varlistentry id="nscd">
|
---|
659 | <term><command>nscd</command></term>
|
---|
660 | <listitem>
|
---|
661 | <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
|
---|
662 | service requests</para>
|
---|
663 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
|
---|
664 | <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
|
---|
665 | </indexterm>
|
---|
666 | </listitem>
|
---|
667 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
668 |
|
---|
669 | <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
|
---|
670 | <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
|
---|
671 | <listitem>
|
---|
672 | <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
|
---|
673 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
|
---|
674 | <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
|
---|
675 | </indexterm>
|
---|
676 | </listitem>
|
---|
677 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
678 |
|
---|
679 | <varlistentry id="pldd">
|
---|
680 | <term><command>pldd</command></term>
|
---|
681 | <listitem>
|
---|
682 | <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
|
---|
683 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
|
---|
684 | <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
|
---|
685 | </indexterm>
|
---|
686 | </listitem>
|
---|
687 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
688 |
|
---|
689 | <varlistentry id="sln">
|
---|
690 | <term><command>sln</command></term>
|
---|
691 | <listitem>
|
---|
692 | <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
|
---|
693 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
|
---|
694 | <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
|
---|
695 | </indexterm>
|
---|
696 | </listitem>
|
---|
697 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
698 |
|
---|
699 | <varlistentry id="sotruss">
|
---|
700 | <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
|
---|
701 | <listitem>
|
---|
702 | <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
|
---|
703 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
|
---|
704 | <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
|
---|
705 | </indexterm>
|
---|
706 | </listitem>
|
---|
707 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
708 |
|
---|
709 | <varlistentry id="sprof">
|
---|
710 | <term><command>sprof</command></term>
|
---|
711 | <listitem>
|
---|
712 | <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
|
---|
713 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
|
---|
714 | <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
|
---|
715 | </indexterm>
|
---|
716 | </listitem>
|
---|
717 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
718 |
|
---|
719 | <varlistentry id="tzselect">
|
---|
720 | <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
|
---|
721 | <listitem>
|
---|
722 | <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
|
---|
723 | the corresponding time zone description</para>
|
---|
724 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
|
---|
725 | <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
|
---|
726 | </indexterm>
|
---|
727 | </listitem>
|
---|
728 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
729 |
|
---|
730 | <varlistentry id="xtrace">
|
---|
731 | <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
|
---|
732 | <listitem>
|
---|
733 | <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
|
---|
734 | executed function</para>
|
---|
735 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
|
---|
736 | <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
|
---|
737 | </indexterm>
|
---|
738 | </listitem>
|
---|
739 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
740 |
|
---|
741 | <varlistentry id="zdump">
|
---|
742 | <term><command>zdump</command></term>
|
---|
743 | <listitem>
|
---|
744 | <para>The time zone dumper</para>
|
---|
745 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
|
---|
746 | <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
|
---|
747 | </indexterm>
|
---|
748 | </listitem>
|
---|
749 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
750 |
|
---|
751 | <varlistentry id="zic">
|
---|
752 | <term><command>zic</command></term>
|
---|
753 | <listitem>
|
---|
754 | <para>The time zone compiler</para>
|
---|
755 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
|
---|
756 | <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
|
---|
757 | </indexterm>
|
---|
758 | </listitem>
|
---|
759 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
760 |
|
---|
761 | <varlistentry id="ld.so">
|
---|
762 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
|
---|
763 | <listitem>
|
---|
764 | <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
|
---|
765 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
|
---|
766 | <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
|
---|
767 | </indexterm>
|
---|
768 | </listitem>
|
---|
769 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
770 |
|
---|
771 | <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
|
---|
772 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
|
---|
773 | <listitem>
|
---|
774 | <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
|
---|
775 | (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
|
---|
776 | <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
|
---|
777 | for more information</para>
|
---|
778 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
|
---|
779 | <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
|
---|
780 | </indexterm>
|
---|
781 | </listitem>
|
---|
782 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
783 |
|
---|
784 | <varlistentry id="libanl">
|
---|
785 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
|
---|
786 | <listitem>
|
---|
787 | <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
|
---|
788 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
|
---|
789 | <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
|
---|
790 | </indexterm>
|
---|
791 | </listitem>
|
---|
792 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
793 |
|
---|
794 | <varlistentry id="libc">
|
---|
795 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
|
---|
796 | <listitem>
|
---|
797 | <para>The main C library</para>
|
---|
798 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
|
---|
799 | <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
|
---|
800 | </indexterm>
|
---|
801 | </listitem>
|
---|
802 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
803 |
|
---|
804 | <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
|
---|
805 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
|
---|
806 | <listitem>
|
---|
807 | <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
|
---|
808 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
|
---|
809 | <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
|
---|
810 | </indexterm>
|
---|
811 | </listitem>
|
---|
812 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
813 |
|
---|
814 | <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
|
---|
815 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
|
---|
816 | <listitem>
|
---|
817 | <para>The cryptography library</para>
|
---|
818 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
|
---|
819 | <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
|
---|
820 | </indexterm>
|
---|
821 | </listitem>
|
---|
822 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
823 |
|
---|
824 | <varlistentry id="libdl">
|
---|
825 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
|
---|
826 | <listitem>
|
---|
827 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
|
---|
828 | dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
|
---|
829 | <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
|
---|
830 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
|
---|
831 | <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
|
---|
832 | </indexterm>
|
---|
833 | </listitem>
|
---|
834 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
835 |
|
---|
836 | <varlistentry id="libg">
|
---|
837 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
|
---|
838 | <listitem>
|
---|
839 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
|
---|
840 | library for <command>g++</command></para>
|
---|
841 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
|
---|
842 | <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
|
---|
843 | </indexterm>
|
---|
844 | </listitem>
|
---|
845 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
846 |
|
---|
847 | <varlistentry id="libm">
|
---|
848 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
|
---|
849 | <listitem>
|
---|
850 | <para>The mathematical library</para>
|
---|
851 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
|
---|
852 | <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
|
---|
853 | </indexterm>
|
---|
854 | </listitem>
|
---|
855 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
856 |
|
---|
857 | <varlistentry id="libmvec">
|
---|
858 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
|
---|
859 | <listitem>
|
---|
860 | <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
|
---|
861 | when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
|
---|
862 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
|
---|
863 | <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
|
---|
864 | </indexterm>
|
---|
865 | </listitem>
|
---|
866 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
867 |
|
---|
868 | <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
|
---|
869 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
|
---|
870 | <listitem>
|
---|
871 | <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
|
---|
872 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
|
---|
873 | <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
|
---|
874 | </indexterm>
|
---|
875 | </listitem>
|
---|
876 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
877 |
|
---|
878 | <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
|
---|
879 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
|
---|
880 | <listitem>
|
---|
881 | <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
|
---|
882 | information about the memory usage of a program</para>
|
---|
883 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
|
---|
884 | <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
|
---|
885 | </indexterm>
|
---|
886 | </listitem>
|
---|
887 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
888 |
|
---|
889 | <varlistentry id="libnsl">
|
---|
890 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
|
---|
891 | <listitem>
|
---|
892 | <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
|
---|
893 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
|
---|
894 | <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
|
---|
895 | </indexterm>
|
---|
896 | </listitem>
|
---|
897 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
898 |
|
---|
899 | <varlistentry id="libnss">
|
---|
900 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
|
---|
901 | <listitem>
|
---|
902 | <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
|
---|
903 | resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
|
---|
904 | protocols, etc. Loaded by
|
---|
905 | <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
|
---|
906 | configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
|
---|
907 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
|
---|
908 | <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
|
---|
909 | </indexterm>
|
---|
910 | </listitem>
|
---|
911 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
912 |
|
---|
913 | <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
|
---|
914 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
|
---|
915 | <listitem>
|
---|
916 | <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
|
---|
917 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
|
---|
918 | <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
|
---|
919 | </indexterm>
|
---|
920 | </listitem>
|
---|
921 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
922 |
|
---|
923 | <varlistentry id="libpthread">
|
---|
924 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
|
---|
925 | <listitem>
|
---|
926 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
|
---|
927 | functions providing most of the interfaces specified
|
---|
928 | by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension, now the functions are in
|
---|
929 | <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
|
---|
930 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
|
---|
931 | <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
|
---|
932 | </indexterm>
|
---|
933 | </listitem>
|
---|
934 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
935 |
|
---|
936 | <varlistentry id="libresolv">
|
---|
937 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
|
---|
938 | <listitem>
|
---|
939 | <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
|
---|
940 | packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
|
---|
941 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
|
---|
942 | <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
|
---|
943 | </indexterm>
|
---|
944 | </listitem>
|
---|
945 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
946 |
|
---|
947 | <varlistentry id="librt">
|
---|
948 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
|
---|
949 | <listitem>
|
---|
950 | <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
|
---|
951 | by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
|
---|
952 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
|
---|
953 | <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
|
---|
954 | </indexterm>
|
---|
955 | </listitem>
|
---|
956 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
957 |
|
---|
958 | <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
|
---|
959 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
|
---|
960 | <listitem>
|
---|
961 | <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
|
---|
962 | multi-threaded programs</para>
|
---|
963 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
|
---|
964 | <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
|
---|
965 | </indexterm>
|
---|
966 | </listitem>
|
---|
967 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
968 |
|
---|
969 | <varlistentry id="libutil">
|
---|
970 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
|
---|
971 | <listitem>
|
---|
972 | <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
|
---|
973 | code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
|
---|
974 | many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
|
---|
975 | <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
|
---|
976 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
|
---|
977 | <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
|
---|
978 | </indexterm>
|
---|
979 | </listitem>
|
---|
980 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
981 |
|
---|
982 | </variablelist>
|
---|
983 |
|
---|
984 | </sect2>
|
---|
985 |
|
---|
986 | </sect1>
|
---|