%general-entities; ]> glibc &glibc-version;

&glibc-url;

Glibc Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant /var/db directory to store their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations: patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch; The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc in a dedicated build directory: mkdir -v build cd build Ensure that the ldconfig and sln utilities will be installed into /usr/sbin: echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" > configparms Prepare Glibc for compilation: ../configure --prefix=/usr \ --disable-werror \ --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \ --enable-stack-protector=strong \ --disable-nscd \ libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib --disable-werror This option disables the -Werror option passed to GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite. --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; This option tells the build system that this Glibc may be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version cannot be used. --enable-stack-protector=strong This option increases system security by adding extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack smashing attacks. Note that Glibc always explicitly overrides the default of GCC, so this option is still needed even though we've already specified --enable-default-ssp for GCC. --disable-nscd Do not build the name service cache daemon which is no longer used. libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib This variable sets the correct library for all systems. We do not want lib64 to be used. Compile the package: make In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance. Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below are usually safe to ignore. make check You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS: io/tst-lchmod is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Some tests, for example nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi and nptl/tst-thread-affinity* are known to fail due to a timeout (especially when the system is relatively slow and/or running the test suite with multiple parallel make jobs). These tests can be identified with: grep "Timed out" $(find -name \*.out) It's possible to re-run a single test with enlarged timeout with TIMEOUTFACTOR=<factor> make test t=<test name>. For example, TIMEOUTFACTOR=10 make test t=nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi will re-run nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi with ten times the original timeout. Additionally, some tests may fail with a relatively old CPU model (for example elf/tst-cpu-features-cpuinfo) or host kernel version (for example stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread). Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will complain about the absence of /etc/ld.so.conf. Prevent this warning with: touch /etc/ld.so.conf Fix the Makefile to skip an outdated sanity check that fails with a modern Glibc configuration: sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile If upgrading Glibc to a new minor version (for example, from Glibc-2.36 to Glibc-&glibc-version;) on a running LFS system, you need to take some extra precautions to avoid breaking the system: Upgrading Glibc on a LFS system prior to 11.0 (exclusive) is not supported. Rebuild LFS if you are running such an old LFS system but you need a newer Glibc. If upgrading on a LFS system prior to 12.0 (exclusive), install Libxcrypt following In addition to a normal Libxcrypt installation, you MUST follow the note in Libxcrypt section to install libcrypt.so.1* (replacing libcrypt.so.1 from the prior Glibc installation). If upgrading on a LFS system prior to 12.1 (exclusive), remove the nscd program: rm -f /usr/sbin/nscd If this system (prior to LFS 12.1, exclusive) is based on Systemd, it's also needed to disable and stop the nscd service now: systemctl disable --now nscd Upgrade the kernel and reboot if it's older than &min-kernel; (check the current version with uname -r) or if you want to upgrade it anyway, following Upgrade the kernel API headers if it's older than &min-kernel; (check the current version with cat /usr/include/linux/version.h) or if you want to upgrade it anyway, following (but removing $LFS from the cp command). Perform a DESTDIR installation and upgrade the Glibc shared libraries on the system using one single install command: make DESTDIR=$PWD/dest install install -vm755 dest/usr/lib/*.so.* /usr/lib It's imperative to strictly follow these steps above unless you completely understand what you are doing. Any unexpected deviation may render the system completely unusable. YOU ARE WARNED. Then continue to run the make install command, the sed command against /usr/bin/ldd, and the commands to install the locales. Once they are finished, reboot the system immediately. Install the package: make install Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the ldd script: sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important test cases. Individual locales can be installed using the localedef program. E.g., the second localedef command below combines the /usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ charset-independent locale definition with the /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz charmap definition and appends the result to the /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive file. The following instructions will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests: mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8 localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8 localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8 localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8 localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8 localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8 localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8 localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8 localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8 localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8 localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8 localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8 localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030 localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8 In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and character set. Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED file (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the following time-consuming command: make localedata/install-locales Then use the localedef command to create and install locales not listed in the glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED file when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are needed for some tests later in this chapter: localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the BLFS libidn2 page. /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/localtime The /etc/nsswitch.conf file needs to be created because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. Create a new file /etc/nsswitch.conf by running the following: cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files # End /etc/nsswitch.conf EOF cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files systemd group: files systemd shadow: files systemd hosts: mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] files myhostname dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files # End /etc/nsswitch.conf EOF Install and set up the time zone data with the following: tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right} for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \ asia australasia backward; do zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz} zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz} zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz} done cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York unset ZONEINFO zic -L /dev/null ... This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is conventional to put these in both zoneinfo and zoneinfo/posix. It is necessary to put the POSIX time zones in zoneinfo, otherwise various test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save 1.9 MB by not using the posix directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some failures. zic -L leapseconds ... This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could save 1.9MB by omitting the right directory. zic ... -p ... This creates the posixrules file. We use New York because POSIX requires the daylight saving time rules to be in accordance with US rules. One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following script: tzselect After answering a few questions about the location, the script will output the name of the time zone (e.g., America/Edmonton). There are also some other possible time zones listed in /usr/share/zoneinfo such as Canada/Eastern or EST5EDT that are not identified by the script but can be used. Then create the /etc/localtime file by running: ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<xxx> /etc/localtime Replace <xxx> with the name of the time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern). /etc/ld.so.conf By default, the dynamic loader (/lib/ld-linux.so.2) searches through /usr/lib for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than /usr/lib, these need to be added to the /etc/ld.so.conf file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are /usr/local/lib and /opt/lib, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path. Create a new file /etc/ld.so.conf by running the following: cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib /opt/lib EOF If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path. To add this capability run the following commands: cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" # Add an include directory include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf EOF mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d Installed programs Installed libraries Installed directories gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2), locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, and zic ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so}, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so}, libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0}, libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1}, libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1} /usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu, /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk, /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet, /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket, /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs, /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, and /var/lib/nss_db Short Descriptions gencat Generates message catalogues gencat getconf Displays the system configuration values for file system specific variables getconf getent Gets entries from an administrative database getent iconv Performs character set conversion iconv iconvconfig Creates fastloading iconv module configuration files iconvconfig ldconfig Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings ldconfig ldd Reports which shared libraries are required by each given program or shared library ldd lddlibc4 Assists ldd with object files. It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64 lddlibc4 locale Prints various information about the current locale locale localedef Compiles locale specifications localedef makedb Creates a simple database from textual input makedb mtrace Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary in human-readable format mtrace pcprofiledump Dump information generated by PC profiling pcprofiledump pldd Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes pldd sln A statically linked ln program sln sotruss Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command sotruss sprof Reads and displays shared object profiling data sprof tzselect Asks the user about the location of the system and reports the corresponding time zone description tzselect xtrace Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently executed function xtrace zdump The time zone dumper zdump zic The time zone compiler zic ld-*.so The helper program for shared library executables ld-&glibc-version;.so libBrokenLocale Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c for more information libBrokenLocale libanl Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the asynchronous name lookup library, whose functions are now in libc libanl libc The main C library libc libc_malloc_debug Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded libc_malloc_debug libdl Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in libc libdl libg Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime library for g++ libg libm The mathematical library libm libmvec The vector math library, linked in as needed when libm is used libmvec libmcheck Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to libmcheck libmemusage Used by memusage to help collect information about the memory usage of a program libmemusage libnsl The network services library, now deprecated libnsl libnss_* The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services, protocols, etc. Loaded by libc according to the configuration in /etc/nsswitch.conf libnss_* libpcprofile Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable libpcprofile libpthread Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained functions providing most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1c Threads Extensions and the semaphore interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions, now the functions are in libc libpthread libresolv Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers libresolv librt Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions librt libthread_db Contains functions useful for building debuggers for multi-threaded programs libthread_db libutil Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained code for standard functions used in many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in libc libutil