source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 1cc301f

11.3 11.3-rc1 12.0 12.0-rc1 12.1 12.1-rc1 bdubbs/gcc13 multilib renodr/libudev-from-systemd trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/arm64-12.0 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.0 xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/mips64el xry111/update-glibc
Last change on this file since 1cc301f was 1cc301f, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 18 months ago

glibc: Decapitalize nsswitch.conf

In UNIX file names are case-sensitive. You cannot capitialize it even if
it appears in a title.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 36.0 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>First, fix an issue building Glibc with parallel jobs and Make-4.4
47 or later:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/MAKEFLAGS :=/s/)r/) -r/' -i Makerules</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
52 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
53 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
54 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
59 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
65 utilities will be installed into
66 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
73 --disable-werror \
74 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
75 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
76 --with-headers=/usr/include \
77 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
78
79 <variablelist>
80 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
81
82 <varlistentry>
83 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
84 <listitem>
85 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
86 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
87 </listitem>
88 </varlistentry>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This option tells the build system that this Glibc may
94 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
95 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
96 cannot be used.</para>
97 </listitem>
98 </varlistentry>
99
100 <varlistentry>
101 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
102 <listitem>
103 <para>This option increases system security by adding
104 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
105 smashing attacks.</para>
106 </listitem>
107 </varlistentry>
108<!-- do we need this one? -->
109 <varlistentry>
110 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
111 <listitem>
112 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
113 kernel API headers.</para>
114 </listitem>
115 </varlistentry>
116
117 <varlistentry>
118 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
119 <listitem>
120 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
121 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
122 </listitem>
123 </varlistentry>
124
125 </variablelist>
126
127 <para>Compile the package:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
130
131 <important>
132 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
133 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
134 </important>
135
136 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
137 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
138
139<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
140<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
141 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
142 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
143esac</userinput></screen>
144
145 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
146 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
147 in the install phase below.</para></note>
148-->
149<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
150
151 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
152 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
153 over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
154 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
155
156 <itemizedlist>
157
158 <listitem>
159 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
160 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
161 </listitem>
162
163 <listitem>
164 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
165 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
166 </listitem>
167
168 <listitem>
169 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-long</emphasis>
170 test is known to fail if the system has no non-loopback IP
171 addresses.</para> <!-- PR 24816 -->
172 </listitem>
173
174 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-August/141567.html -->
175 <listitem>
176 <para>The <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>
177 test is known to fail if the host kernel is relatively old.</para>
178 </listitem>
179
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Some tests, for example
182 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
183 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
184 timeout.</para>
185 </listitem>
186
187<!--
188 <listitem>
189 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
190 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
191 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
192 cause these tests to fail.
193 </para>
194 </listitem>
195
196 <listitem>
197 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
198 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
199 AMD processor.</para>
200 </listitem>
201-->
202 </itemizedlist>
203
204 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
205 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
206 Prevent this warning with:</para>
207
208<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
209
210 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
211 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
212 </para>
213
214<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
215
216 <para>Install the package:</para>
217
218<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
219
220 <para>Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the
221 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
222
223<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
224
225 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
226 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
227
228<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
229mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
230
231 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
232 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
233
234 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
235install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
236
237 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
238 different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them
239 are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important
240 test cases.</para>
241
242 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
243 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
244 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
245 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
246 charset-independent locale definition with the
247 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
248 charmap definition and appends the result to the
249 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
250 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
251 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
252
253<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
254localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
255localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
256localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
257localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
258localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
259localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
260localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
261localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
262localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
263localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
264localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
265localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
266localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
267localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
268localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
269localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
270localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
271localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
272localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
273localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
274localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
275localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
276localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
277localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
278localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
279localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
280localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
281localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
282localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
283localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
284localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
285localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
286localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
287localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
288localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
289
290 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
291 character set.</para>
292
293 <para>Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the
294 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
295 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
296 following time-consuming command:</para>
297
298<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
299
300 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
301 install locales not listed in the
302 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
303 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
304 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
305
306<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
307localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
308
309 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
310 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
311 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
312 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
313 </para></note>
314
315 </sect2>
316
317 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
318 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
319
320 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
321 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
322 </indexterm>
323
324 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
325 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
326 </indexterm>
327
328 <sect3>
329 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
330
331 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
332 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
333 </para>
334
335 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
336 following:</para>
337
338<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
339<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
340
341passwd: files
342group: files
343shadow: files
344
345hosts: files dns
346networks: files
347
348protocols: files
349services: files
350ethers: files
351rpc: files
352
353# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
354EOF</userinput></screen>
355
356 </sect3>
357
358 <sect3>
359 <title>Adding Time Zone Data</title>
360
361 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
362<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
363
364ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
365mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
366
367for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
368 asia australasia backward; do
369 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
370 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
371 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
372done
373
374cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
375zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
376unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
377
378 <variablelist>
379 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
380
381 <varlistentry>
382 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
383 <listitem>
384 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
385 conventional to put these in both
386 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
387 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
388 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
389 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
390 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
391 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
392 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
393 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
394 failures.</para>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397 <varlistentry>
398 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
401 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
402 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
403 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
404 directory.</para>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407 <varlistentry>
408 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
411 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
412 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415 </variablelist>
416
417
418 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
419 script:</para>
420
421<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
422
423 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
424 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
425 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
426 time zones listed in <filename
427 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
428 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
429 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
430
431 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
432 running:</para>
433
434<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
435
436 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
437 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
438
439 </sect3>
440
441 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
442 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
443
444 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
445 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447
448 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
449 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
450 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
451 that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
452 libraries in directories other than
453 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
454 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
455 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
456 to contain additional libraries are <filename
457 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
458 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
459 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
460
461 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
462 following:</para>
463
464<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
465<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
466/usr/local/lib
467/opt/lib
468</literal>
469EOF</userinput></screen>
470
471 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
472 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
473 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
474 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
475
476<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
477<literal># Add an include directory
478include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
479</literal>
480EOF
481mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
482
483 </sect3>
484 </sect2>
485
486 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
487 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
488
489 <segmentedlist>
490 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
491 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
492 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
493
494 <seglistitem>
495 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
496 ldd, lddlibc4,
497 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
498 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
499 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
500 zdump, and zic</seg>
501 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
502 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
503 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
504 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
505 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
506 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
507 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
508 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
509 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
510 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
511 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
512 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
513 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
514 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
515 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
516 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
517 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
518 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
519 </seglistitem>
520 </segmentedlist>
521
522 <variablelist>
523 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
524 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
525 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
526
527 <varlistentry id="gencat">
528 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
532 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="getconf">
538 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
541 specific variables</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
543 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="getent">
549 <term><command>getent</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
553 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="iconv">
559 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
563 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
569 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
572 files</para>
573 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
574 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
575 </indexterm>
576 </listitem>
577 </varlistentry>
578
579 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
580 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
581 <listitem>
582 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
584 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="ldd">
590 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
593 by each given program or shared library</para>
594 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
595 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
596 </indexterm>
597 </listitem>
598 </varlistentry>
599
600 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
601 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
602 <listitem>
603 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
604 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
606 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="locale">
612 <term><command>locale</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
616 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="localedef">
622 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
626 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="makedb">
632 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
636 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
642 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
645 in human-readable format</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
647 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="nscd">
653 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
656 service requests</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
658 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
664 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
667 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
668 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
669 </indexterm>
670 </listitem>
671 </varlistentry>
672
673 <varlistentry id="pldd">
674 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
675 <listitem>
676 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
678 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="sln">
684 <term><command>sln</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
688 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
694 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
698 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="sprof">
704 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
708 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
714 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
717 the corresponding time zone description</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
719 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
725 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
728 executed function</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
730 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="zdump">
736 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
740 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="zic">
746 <term><command>zic</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
750 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
756 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
760 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
766 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
769 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
770 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
771 for more information</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
773 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="libanl">
779 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
783 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="libc">
789 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>The main C library</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
793 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
799 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
803 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
809 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>The cryptography library</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
813 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="libdl">
819 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
822 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
823 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
825 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="libg">
831 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
834 library for <command>g++</command></para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
836 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="libm">
842 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>The mathematical library</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
846 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
852 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
855 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
857 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
863 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
867 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
873 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
876 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
878 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
884 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
888 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="libnss">
894 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
897 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
898 protocols, etc. Loaded by
899 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
900 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
901 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
902 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
903 </indexterm>
904 </listitem>
905 </varlistentry>
906
907 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
908 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
909 <listitem>
910 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
912 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
918 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
921 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
922 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension, now the functions are in
923 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
925 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
931 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
934 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
936 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="librt">
942 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
945 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
947 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
953 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
956 multi-threaded programs</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
958 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
963 <varlistentry id="libutil">
964 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
967 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
968 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
969 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
971 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 </variablelist>
977
978 </sect2>
979
980</sect1>
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