source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 1dbc435

12.1 12.1-rc1 multilib trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/mips64el xry111/update-glibc
Last change on this file since 1dbc435 was 09d148d, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 8 months ago

glibc: Remove nscd from contents
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 35.8 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
47 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
48 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
49 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>Now fix two security vulnerabilities and a regression causing the
54 posix_memalign() function very slow in some conditions:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-upstream-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
59 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
65 utilities will be installed into
66 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
73 --disable-werror \
74 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
75 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
76 --with-headers=/usr/include \
77 --disable-nscd \
78 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
79
80 <variablelist>
81 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
87 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
88 </listitem>
89 </varlistentry>
90
91 <varlistentry>
92 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
93 <listitem>
94 <para>This option tells the build system that this Glibc may
95 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
96 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
97 cannot be used.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100
101 <varlistentry>
102 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
103 <listitem>
104 <para>This option increases system security by adding
105 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
106 smashing attacks.</para>
107 </listitem>
108 </varlistentry>
109<!-- do we need this one? -->
110 <varlistentry>
111 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
112 <listitem>
113 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
114 kernel API headers.</para>
115 </listitem>
116 </varlistentry>
117
118 <varlistentry>
119 <term><parameter>--disable-nscd</parameter></term>
120 <listitem>
121 <para>Do not build the name service cache daemon which is no
122 longer used.</para>
123 </listitem>
124 </varlistentry>
125
126 <varlistentry>
127 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
128 <listitem>
129 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
130 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
131 </listitem>
132 </varlistentry>
133
134 </variablelist>
135
136 <para>Compile the package:</para>
137
138<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
139
140 <important>
141 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
142 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
143 </important>
144
145 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
146 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
147
148<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
149<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
150 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
151 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
152esac</userinput></screen>
153
154 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
155 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
156 in the install phase below.</para></note>
157-->
158<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
159
160 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
161 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
162 over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
163 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
164
165 <itemizedlist>
166
167 <listitem>
168 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
169 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
170 </listitem>
171
172<!-- Did not fail with glibc-2.38
173 <listitem>
174 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
175 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
176 </listitem>
177-->
178
179 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-August/141567.html -->
180 <listitem>
181 <para>The <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>
182 test is known to fail if the host kernel is relatively old.</para>
183 </listitem>
184
185 <listitem>
186 <para>Some tests, for example
187 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
188 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
189 timeout.</para>
190 </listitem>
191
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Additionally, some tests may fail with a relatively old CPU
194 model or host kernel version.</para>
195 </listitem>
196 </itemizedlist>
197
198 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
199 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
200 Prevent this warning with:</para>
201
202<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
203
204 <!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21911 -->
205 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an outdated sanity check
206 that fails with a modern Glibc configuration:</para>
207
208<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
209
210 <para>Install the package:</para>
211
212<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
213
214 <para>Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the
215 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
216
217<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
218<!--
219 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
220 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
221
222<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
223mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
224
225 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
226 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
227
228 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
229install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
230-->
231 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
232 different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them
233 are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important
234 test cases.</para>
235
236 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
237 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
238 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
239 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
240 charset-independent locale definition with the
241 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
242 charmap definition and appends the result to the
243 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
244 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
245 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
246
247<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
248localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
249localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
250localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
251localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
252localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
253localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
254localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
255localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
256localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
257localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
258localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
259localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
260localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
261localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
262localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
263localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
264localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
265localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
266localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
267localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
268localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
269localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
270localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
271localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
272localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
273localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
274localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
275localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
276localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
277localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
278localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
279localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
280localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
281localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
282localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
283
284 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
285 character set.</para>
286
287 <para>Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the
288 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
289 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
290 following time-consuming command:</para>
291
292<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
293
294 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
295 install locales not listed in the
296 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
297 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
298 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
299
300<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
301localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
302
303 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
304 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
305 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
306 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
307 </para></note>
308
309 </sect2>
310
311 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
312 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
313
314 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
315 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317
318 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
319 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
320 </indexterm>
321
322 <sect3>
323 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
324
325 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
326 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
327 </para>
328
329 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
330 following:</para>
331
332<screen revision='sysv'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
333<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
334
335passwd: files
336group: files
337shadow: files
338
339hosts: files dns
340networks: files
341
342protocols: files
343services: files
344ethers: files
345rpc: files
346
347# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
348EOF</userinput></screen>
349
350<screen revision='systemd'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
351<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
352
353passwd: files systemd
354group: files systemd
355shadow: files systemd
356
357hosts: mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] files myhostname dns
358networks: files
359
360protocols: files
361services: files
362ethers: files
363rpc: files
364
365# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
366EOF</userinput></screen>
367
368 </sect3>
369
370 <sect3>
371 <title>Adding Time Zone Data</title>
372
373 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
374<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
375
376ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
377mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
378
379for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
380 asia australasia backward; do
381 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
382 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
383 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
384done
385
386cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
387zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
388unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
389
390 <variablelist>
391 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
392
393 <varlistentry>
394 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
397 conventional to put these in both
398 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
399 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
400 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
401 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
402 test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
403 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
404 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
405 directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some
406 failures.</para>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409 <varlistentry>
410 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
413 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
414 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
415 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
416 directory.</para>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419 <varlistentry>
420 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
423 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
424 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427 </variablelist>
428
429
430 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
431 script:</para>
432
433<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
434
435 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
436 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
437 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
438 time zones listed in <filename
439 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
440 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
441 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
442
443 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
444 running:</para>
445
446<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
447
448 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
449 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
450
451 </sect3>
452
453 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
454 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
455
456 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
457 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459
460 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
461 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
462 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
463 that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
464 libraries in directories other than
465 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
466 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
467 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
468 to contain additional libraries are <filename
469 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
470 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
471 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
472
473 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
474 following:</para>
475
476<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
477<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
478/usr/local/lib
479/opt/lib
480</literal>
481EOF</userinput></screen>
482
483 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
484 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
485 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
486 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
487
488<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
489<literal># Add an include directory
490include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
491</literal>
492EOF
493mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
494
495 </sect3>
496 </sect2>
497
498 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
499 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
500
501 <segmentedlist>
502 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
503 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
504 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
505
506 <seglistitem>
507 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
508 ldd, lddlibc4,
509 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
510 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace,
511 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
512 zdump, and zic</seg>
513 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
514 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
515 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
516 libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
517 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
518 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
519 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
520 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
521 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
522 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
523 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
524 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
525 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
526 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
527 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
528 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
529 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
530 and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
531 </seglistitem>
532 </segmentedlist>
533
534 <variablelist>
535 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
536 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
537 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
538
539 <varlistentry id="gencat">
540 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
541 <listitem>
542 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
544 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="getconf">
550 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
553 specific variables</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
555 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="getent">
561 <term><command>getent</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
565 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="iconv">
571 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
575 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
581 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
584 files</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
586 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
592 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
596 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="ldd">
602 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
605 by each given program or shared library</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
607 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
613 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
616 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
618 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="locale">
624 <term><command>locale</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
628 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="localedef">
634 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
638 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="makedb">
644 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
648 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
654 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
657 in human-readable format</para>
658 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
659 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
660 </indexterm>
661 </listitem>
662 </varlistentry>
663
664 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
665 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
666 <listitem>
667 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
669 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="pldd">
675 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
679 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="sln">
685 <term><command>sln</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
689 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
695 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
699 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="sprof">
705 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
709 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
715 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
718 the corresponding time zone description</para>
719 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
720 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
721 </indexterm>
722 </listitem>
723 </varlistentry>
724
725 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
726 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
727 <listitem>
728 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
729 executed function</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
731 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="zdump">
737 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
741 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="zic">
747 <term><command>zic</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
751 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
757 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
761 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
767 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
770 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
771 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
772 for more information</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
774 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="libanl">
780 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
783 asynchronous name lookup library, whose functions are now in
784 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename></para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
786 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="libc">
792 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>The main C library</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
796 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
802 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
806 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="libdl">
812 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
815 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
816 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
818 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="libg">
824 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
827 library for <command>g++</command></para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
829 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="libm">
835 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>The mathematical library</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
839 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
845 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
848 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
850 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
856 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
860 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
866 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
869 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
871 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
877 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
881 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="libnss">
887 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
890 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
891 protocols, etc. Loaded by
892 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
893 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
895 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
901 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
904 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
905 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
906 </indexterm>
907 </listitem>
908 </varlistentry>
909
910 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
911 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
912 <listitem>
913 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
914 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
915 by the POSIX.1c Threads Extensions and the semaphore interfaces
916 specified by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions, now the functions
917 are in <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
919 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
925 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
928 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
930 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="librt">
936 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
939 by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
941 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
947 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
950 multi-threaded programs</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
952 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 <varlistentry id="libutil">
958 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
959 <listitem>
960 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
961 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
962 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
963 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
964 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
965 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
966 </indexterm>
967 </listitem>
968 </varlistentry>
969
970 </variablelist>
971
972 </sect2>
973
974</sect1>
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