source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 4bda698

multilib-10.1
Last change on this file since 4bda698 was f695e02, checked in by Thomas Trepl <thomas@…>, 3 years ago

Merge changes from trunk to multilib

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/multilib@12118 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
47 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
48 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
49 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
54 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
57cd build</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
60
61<screen arch="default"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
62 --disable-werror \
63 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
64 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
65 --with-headers=/usr/include \
66 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</userinput></screen>
67<screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
68 --disable-werror \
69 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
70 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
71 --with-headers=/usr/include \
72 --enable-multi-arch \
73 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</userinput></screen>
74
75 <variablelist>
76 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
77
78 <varlistentry>
79 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
80 <listitem>
81 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
82 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
83 </listitem>
84 </varlistentry>
85
86 <varlistentry>
87 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
88 <listitem>
89 <para>This option tells the build system that this glibc may
90 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
91 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
92 cannot be used.</para>
93 </listitem>
94 </varlistentry>
95
96 <varlistentry>
97 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
98 <listitem>
99 <para>This option increases system security by adding
100 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
101 smashing attacks.</para>
102 </listitem>
103 </varlistentry>
104<!-- do we need this one? -->
105 <varlistentry>
106 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
107 <listitem>
108 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
109 kernel API headers.</para>
110 </listitem>
111 </varlistentry>
112
113 <varlistentry>
114 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter></term>
115 <listitem>
116 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
117 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
118 </listitem>
119 </varlistentry>
120
121 </variablelist>
122
123 <para>Compile the package:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
126
127 <important>
128 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
129 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
130 </important>
131
132 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
133 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
134
135<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
136<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
137 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
138 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
139esac</userinput></screen>
140
141 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
142 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
143 in the install phase below.</para></note>
144-->
145<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
146
147 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
148 somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most common
149 issues seen for some versions of LFS:</para>
150
151 <itemizedlist>
152
153 <listitem>
154 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
155 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
156 </listitem>
157
158 <listitem>
159 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
160 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
161 </listitem>
162
163 <listitem>
164 <para><emphasis>elf/tst-cpu-features-cpuinfo</emphasis>
165 may fail on some architectures.</para>
166 </listitem>
167
168 <listitem>
169 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>
170 test may fail for reasons that have not been determined.</para>
171 </listitem>
172
173 <listitem>
174 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
175 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
176 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
177 cause these tests to fail.
178 </para>
179 </listitem>
180
181 <listitem>
182 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
183 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
184 AMD processor.</para>
185 </listitem>
186
187 </itemizedlist>
188
189 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
190 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
191 Prevent this warning with:</para>
192
193<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
194
195 <para>Fix the generated Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
196 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
197 </para>
198
199<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
200
201 <para>Install the package:</para>
202
203<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
204
205 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
206 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
207
208<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
209mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
210
211 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
212 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
213
214 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
215install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
218 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
219 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
220 testcases.</para>
221
222 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
223 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
224 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
225 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
226 charset-independent locale definition with the
227 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
228 charmap definition and appends the result to the
229 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
230 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
231 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
232
233<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
234localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
235localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
236localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
237localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
238localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
239localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
240localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
241localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
242localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
243localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
244localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
245localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
246localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
247localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
248localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
249localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
250localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
251localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
252localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
253localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SIJS 2> /dev/null || true
254localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
255localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
256localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
257localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
258localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
259localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS</userinput></screen>
260
261 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
262 character set.</para>
263
264 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
265 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
266 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
267 following time-consuming command:</para>
268
269<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
270
271 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
272 install locales not listed in the
273 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
274 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
275
276 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
277 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
278 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
279 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
280 </para></note>
281
282 </sect2>
283
284 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
285 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
286
287 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
288 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
289 </indexterm>
290
291 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
292 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
293 </indexterm>
294
295 <sect3>
296 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
297
298 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
299 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
300 </para>
301
302 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
303 following:</para>
304
305<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
306<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
307
308passwd: files
309group: files
310shadow: files
311
312hosts: files dns
313networks: files
314
315protocols: files
316services: files
317ethers: files
318rpc: files
319
320# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
321EOF</userinput></screen>
322
323 </sect3>
324
325 <sect3>
326 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
327
328 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
329<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
330
331ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
332mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
333
334for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
335 asia australasia backward; do
336 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
337 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
338 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
339done
340
341cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
342zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
343unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
344
345 <variablelist>
346 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
347
348 <varlistentry>
349 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
352 conventional to put these in both
353 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
354 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
355 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
356 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
357 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
358 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
359 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
360 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
361 failures.</para>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364 <varlistentry>
365 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
368 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
369 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
370 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
371 directory.</para>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374 <varlistentry>
375 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
378 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
379 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382 </variablelist>
383
384
385 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
386 script:</para>
387
388<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
389
390 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
391 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
392 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
393 time zones listed in <filename
394 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
395 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
396 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
397
398 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
399 running:</para>
400
401<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
402
403 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
404 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
405
406 </sect3>
407
408 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
409 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
410
411 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
412 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
413 </indexterm>
414
415 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
416 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
417 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
418 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
419 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
420 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
421 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
422 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
423 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
424 to contain additional libraries are <filename
425 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
426 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
427 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
428
429 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
430 following:</para>
431
432<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
433<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
434/usr/local/lib
435/opt/lib
436</literal>
437EOF</userinput></screen>
438
439 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
440 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
441 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
442 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
443
444<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
445<literal># Add an include directory
446include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
447</literal>
448EOF
449mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
450
451 </sect3>
452 </sect2>
453
454 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
455 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
456 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
457 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all">
458 <title>Building Glibc - 32bit</title>
459
460 <para>Now recompile for m32. The extracted source can be
461 reused but needs to cleaned before installing the m32
462 version of Glibc.</para>
463
464 <para>Clear the build directory and remove artefacts from
465 previous build:</para>
466
467<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf ./*
468find .. -name "*.a" -delete</userinput></screen>
469
470 <para>Configure Glibc for m32 with the following commands:</para>
471
472<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -m32" CXX="g++ -m32" \
473../configure \
474 --prefix=/usr \
475 --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
476 --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
477 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
478 --with-headers=/usr/include \
479 --enable-multi-arch \
480 --libdir=&usr-lib-m32; \
481 --libexecdir=&usr-lib-m32; \
482 libc_cv_slibdir=&lib-m32;</userinput></screen>
483
484 <para>Compile the package:</para>
485
486<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
487
488 <para>Install the package:</para>
489
490<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
491cp -a DESTDIR&lib-m32;/* &lib-m32;/
492cp -a DESTDIR&usr-lib-m32;/* &usr-lib-m32;/
493install -vm644 DESTDIR/usr/include/gnu/{lib-names,stubs}-32.h \
494 /usr/include/gnu/
495ln -svf ..&lib-m32;/ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-linux.so.2</userinput></screen>
496
497 <para>Add the library name to the dynamic loader config:</para>
498
499<screen role="install"><userinput>echo "&usr-lib-m32;" &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
500
501 <caution>
502 <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
503 functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
504 expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>
505
506<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
507gcc -m32 dummy.c
508readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux'</userinput></screen>
509
510 <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
511 and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>
512
513<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
514
515 <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
516 then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
517 where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
518 continuing on.</para>
519
520 <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
521
522<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
523
524 </caution>
525
526 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
527
528 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
529 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
530 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
531
532 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all">
533 <title>Building Glibc - x32bit</title>
534
535 <para>Now recompile for mx32. The extracted source can be
536 reused but needs to cleaned before installing the mx32
537 version of Glibc.</para>
538
539 <para>Clear the build directory and remove artefacts from
540 previous build:</para>
541
542<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf ./*
543find .. -name "*.a" -delete</userinput></screen>
544
545 <para>Configure Glibc for mx32 with the following commands:</para>
546
547<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -mx32" CXX="g++ -mx32" \
548../configure \
549 --prefix=/usr \
550 --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnux32 \
551 --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
552 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
553 --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include \
554 --enable-multi-arch \
555 --libdir=&usr-lib-mx32; \
556 --libexecdir=&usr-lib-mx32; \
557 libc_cv_slibdir=&lib-mx32;</userinput></screen>
558
559 <para>Compile the package:</para>
560
561<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
562
563 <para>Install the package:</para>
564
565<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
566cp -a DESTDIR&lib-mx32;/* &lib-mx32;/
567cp -a DESTDIR&usr-lib-mx32;/* &usr-lib-mx32;/
568install -vm644 DESTDIR/usr/include/gnu/{lib-names,stubs}-x32.h \
569 /usr/include/gnu/
570ln -svf ..&lib-mx32;/ld-linux-x32.so.2 /lib/ld-linux-x32.so.2</userinput></screen>
571
572 <para>Add the library name to the dynamic loader config:</para>
573
574<screen role="install"><userinput>echo "&usr-lib-mx32;" &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
575
576 <caution>
577 <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
578 functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
579 expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>
580
581<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
582gcc -mx32 dummy.c
583readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux-x32'</userinput></screen>
584
585 <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
586 and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>
587
588<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
589
590 <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
591 then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
592 where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
593 continuing on.</para>
594
595 <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
596
597<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
598
599 </caution>
600
601 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
602
603 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
604 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
605
606 <segmentedlist>
607 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
608 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
609 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
610
611 <seglistitem>
612 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
613 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
614 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
615 zdump, and zic</seg>
616 <seg>ld-&glibc-version;.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
617 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a,
618 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
619 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.{a,so},
620 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
621 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
622 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so},
623 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
624 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
625 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
626 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
627 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
628 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
629 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
630 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
631 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
632 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
633 </seglistitem>
634 </segmentedlist>
635
636 <variablelist>
637 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
638 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
639 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
640
641 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
642 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
645 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
647 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="gencat">
653 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
657 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="getconf">
663 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
666 specific variables</para>
667 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
668 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
669 </indexterm>
670 </listitem>
671 </varlistentry>
672
673 <varlistentry id="getent">
674 <term><command>getent</command></term>
675 <listitem>
676 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
678 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="iconv">
684 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
688 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
694 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
697 files</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
699 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
705 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
709 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="ldd">
715 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
718 by each given program or shared library</para>
719 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
720 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
721 </indexterm>
722 </listitem>
723 </varlistentry>
724
725 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
726 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
727 <listitem>
728 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
730 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="locale">
736 <term><command>locale</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
740 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="localedef">
746 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
750 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="makedb">
756 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
760 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
766 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
769 in human-readable format</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
771 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="nscd">
777 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
780 service requests</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
782 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
788 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
792 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="pldd">
798 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
802 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="sln">
808 <term><command>sln</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
812 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
818 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
822 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="sprof">
828 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
832 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
838 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
841 the corresponding time zone description</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
843 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
849 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
852 executed function</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
854 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="zdump">
860 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
864 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="zic">
870 <term><command>zic</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
874 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
880 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-&glibc-version;.so</filename></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
884 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
890 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
893 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
894 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
895 for more information</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
897 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
903 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
906 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
908 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="libanl">
914 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
918 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="libc">
924 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>The main C library</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
928 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
934 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>The cryptography library</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
938 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="libdl">
944 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
948 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="libg">
954 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
957 library for <command>g++</command></para>
958 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
959 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
960 </indexterm>
961 </listitem>
962 </varlistentry>
963
964 <varlistentry id="libm">
965 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
966 <listitem>
967 <para>The mathematical library</para>
968 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
969 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
970 </indexterm>
971 </listitem>
972 </varlistentry>
973
974 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
975 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
976 <listitem>
977 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
979 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
985 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
988 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
990 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
996 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>The network services library</para>
999 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
1000 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
1001 </indexterm>
1002 </listitem>
1003 </varlistentry>
1004
1005 <varlistentry id="libnss">
1006 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
1007 <listitem>
1008 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
1009 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
1010 protocols, etc.</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
1012 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
1018 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
1022 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
1028 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
1032 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
1038 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
1041 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
1042 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
1043 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
1044 </indexterm>
1045 </listitem>
1046 </varlistentry>
1047
1048 <varlistentry id="librt">
1049 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
1050 <listitem>
1051 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1052 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
1054 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
1060 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
1063 multi-threaded programs</para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
1065 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="libutil">
1071 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
1074 many different Unix utilities</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
1076 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 </variablelist>
1082
1083 </sect2>
1084
1085</sect1>
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