source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 4e579ca2

multilib-10.1
Last change on this file since 4e579ca2 was 4e579ca2, checked in by Thomas Trepl <thomas@…>, 3 years ago

Merge changes from trunk to multilib

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/multilib@12058 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
47 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
48 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
49 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
54 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
57cd build</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
60
61<screen arch="default"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
62 --disable-werror \
63 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
64 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
65 --with-headers=/usr/include \
66 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</userinput></screen>
67<screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
68 --disable-werror \
69 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
70 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
71 --with-headers=/usr/include \
72 --enable-multi-arch \
73 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</userinput></screen>
74
75 <variablelist>
76 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
77
78 <varlistentry>
79 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
80 <listitem>
81 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
82 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
83 </listitem>
84 </varlistentry>
85
86 <varlistentry>
87 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
88 <listitem>
89 <para>This option tells the build system that this glibc may
90 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
91 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
92 cannot be used.</para>
93 </listitem>
94 </varlistentry>
95
96 <varlistentry>
97 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
98 <listitem>
99 <para>This option increases system security by adding
100 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
101 smashing attacks.</para>
102 </listitem>
103 </varlistentry>
104<!-- do we need this one? -->
105 <varlistentry>
106 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
107 <listitem>
108 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
109 kernel API headers.</para>
110 </listitem>
111 </varlistentry>
112
113 <varlistentry>
114 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter></term>
115 <listitem>
116 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
117 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
118 </listitem>
119 </varlistentry>
120
121 </variablelist>
122
123 <para>Compile the package:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
126
127 <important>
128 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
129 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
130 </important>
131
132 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
133 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
134
135<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
136<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
137 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
138 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
139esac</userinput></screen>
140
141 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
142 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
143 in the install phase below.</para></note>
144
145<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
146
147 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
148 somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most common
149 issues seen for some versions of LFS:</para>
150
151 <itemizedlist>
152
153 <listitem>
154 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
155 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
156 </listitem>
157
158 <listitem>
159 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
160 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
161 </listitem>
162<!--
163 <listitem>
164 <para><emphasis>inet/tst-idna_name_classify</emphasis>
165 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
166 </listitem>
167
168 <listitem>
169 <para><emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4</emphasis> and
170 <emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo5</emphasis>
171 may fail on some architectures.</para>
172 </listitem>
173-->
174 <listitem>
175 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>
176 test may fail for reasons that have not been determined.</para>
177 </listitem>
178
179 <listitem>
180 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
181 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
182 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
183 cause these tests to fail.
184 </para>
185 </listitem>
186
187 <listitem>
188 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
189 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
190 AMD processor.</para>
191 </listitem>
192
193 </itemizedlist>
194
195 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
196 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
197 Prevent this warning with:</para>
198
199<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
200
201 <para>Fix the generated Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
202 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
203 </para>
204
205<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
206
207 <para>Install the package:</para>
208
209<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
210
211 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
212 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
213
214<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
215mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
218 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
219
220 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
221install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
222
223 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
224 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
225 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
226 testcases.</para>
227
228 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
229 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
230 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
231 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
232 charset-independent locale definition with the
233 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
234 charmap definition and appends the result to the
235 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
236 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
237 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
238
239<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
240localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
241localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
242localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
243localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
244localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
245localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
246localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
247localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
248localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
249localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
250localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
251localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
252localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
253localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
254localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
255localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
256localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
257localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
258localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
259localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SIJS 2> /dev/null || true
260localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
261localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
262localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
263localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
264localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
265localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS</userinput></screen>
266
267 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
268 character set.</para>
269
270 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
271 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
272 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
273 following time-consuming command:</para>
274
275<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
276
277 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
278 install locales not listed in the
279 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
280 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
281
282 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
283 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
284 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
285 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
286 </para></note>
287
288 </sect2>
289
290 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
291 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
292
293 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
294 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296
297 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
298 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300
301 <sect3>
302 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
303
304 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
305 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
306 </para>
307
308 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
309 following:</para>
310
311<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
312<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
313
314passwd: files
315group: files
316shadow: files
317
318hosts: files dns
319networks: files
320
321protocols: files
322services: files
323ethers: files
324rpc: files
325
326# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
327EOF</userinput></screen>
328
329 </sect3>
330
331 <sect3>
332 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
333
334 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
335<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
336
337ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
338mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
339
340for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
341 asia australasia backward; do
342 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
343 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
344 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
345done
346
347cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
348zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
349unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
350
351 <variablelist>
352 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
353
354 <varlistentry>
355 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
358 conventional to put these in both
359 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
360 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
361 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
362 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
363 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
364 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
365 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
366 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
367 failures.</para>
368 </listitem>
369 </varlistentry>
370 <varlistentry>
371 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
372 <listitem>
373 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
374 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
375 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
376 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
377 directory.</para>
378 </listitem>
379 </varlistentry>
380 <varlistentry>
381 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
384 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
385 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388 </variablelist>
389
390
391 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
392 script:</para>
393
394<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
395
396 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
397 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
398 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
399 time zones listed in <filename
400 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
401 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
402 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
403
404 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
405 running:</para>
406
407<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
408
409 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
410 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
411
412 </sect3>
413
414 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
415 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
416
417 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
418 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420
421 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
422 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
423 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
424 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
425 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
426 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
427 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
428 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
429 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
430 to contain additional libraries are <filename
431 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
432 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
433 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
434
435 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
436 following:</para>
437
438<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
439<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
440/usr/local/lib
441/opt/lib
442</literal>
443EOF</userinput></screen>
444
445 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
446 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
447 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
448 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
449
450<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
451<literal># Add an include directory
452include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
453</literal>
454EOF
455mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
456
457 </sect3>
458 </sect2>
459
460 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
461 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
462 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
463 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all">
464 <title>Building Glibc - 32bit</title>
465
466 <para>Now recompile for m32. The extracted source can be
467 reused but needs to cleaned before installing the m32
468 version of Glibc.</para>
469
470 <para>Clear the build directory and remove artefacts from
471 previous build:</para>
472
473<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf ./*
474find .. -name "*.a" -delete</userinput></screen>
475
476 <para>Configure Glibc for m32 with the following commands:</para>
477
478<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -m32" CXX="g++ -m32" \
479../configure \
480 --prefix=/usr \
481 --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
482 --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
483 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
484 --with-headers=/usr/include \
485 --enable-multi-arch \
486 --libdir=&usr-lib-m32; \
487 --libexecdir=&usr-lib-m32; \
488 libc_cv_slibdir=&lib-m32;</userinput></screen>
489
490 <para>Compile the package:</para>
491
492<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
493
494 <para>Install the package:</para>
495
496<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
497cp -a DESTDIR&lib-m32;/* &lib-m32;/
498cp -a DESTDIR&usr-lib-m32;/* &usr-lib-m32;/
499install -vm644 DESTDIR/usr/include/gnu/{lib-names,stubs}-32.h \
500 /usr/include/gnu/
501ln -svf ..&lib-m32;/ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-linux.so.2</userinput></screen>
502
503 <para>Add the library name to the dynamic loader config:</para>
504
505<screen role="install"><userinput>echo "&usr-lib-m32;" &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
506
507 <caution>
508 <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
509 functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
510 expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>
511
512<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
513gcc -m32 dummy.c
514readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux'</userinput></screen>
515
516 <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
517 and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>
518
519<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
520
521 <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
522 then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
523 where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
524 continuing on.</para>
525
526 <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
527
528<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
529
530 </caution>
531
532 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
533
534 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
535 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
536 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
537
538 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all">
539 <title>Building Glibc - x32bit</title>
540
541 <para>Now recompile for mx32. The extracted source can be
542 reused but needs to cleaned before installing the mx32
543 version of Glibc.</para>
544
545 <para>Clear the build directory and remove artefacts from
546 previous build:</para>
547
548<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf ./*
549find .. -name "*.a" -delete</userinput></screen>
550
551 <para>Configure Glibc for mx32 with the following commands:</para>
552
553<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -mx32" CXX="g++ -mx32" \
554../configure \
555 --prefix=/usr \
556 --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnux32 \
557 --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
558 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
559 --with-headers=$LFS/usr/include \
560 --enable-multi-arch \
561 --libdir=&usr-lib-mx32; \
562 --libexecdir=&usr-lib-mx32; \
563 libc_cv_slibdir=&lib-mx32;</userinput></screen>
564
565 <para>Compile the package:</para>
566
567<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
568
569 <para>Install the package:</para>
570
571<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
572cp -a DESTDIR&lib-mx32;/* &lib-mx32;/
573cp -a DESTDIR&usr-lib-mx32;/* &usr-lib-mx32;/
574install -vm644 DESTDIR/usr/include/gnu/{lib-names,stubs}-x32.h \
575 /usr/include/gnu/
576ln -svf ..&lib-mx32;/ld-linux-x32.so.2 /lib/ld-linux-x32.so.2</userinput></screen>
577
578 <para>Add the library name to the dynamic loader config:</para>
579
580<screen role="install"><userinput>echo "&usr-lib-mx32;" &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
581
582 <caution>
583 <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
584 functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
585 expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>
586
587<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
588gcc -mx32 dummy.c
589readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux-x32'</userinput></screen>
590
591 <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
592 and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>
593
594<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
595
596 <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
597 then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
598 where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
599 continuing on.</para>
600
601 <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
602
603<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
604
605 </caution>
606
607 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
608
609 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
610 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
611
612 <segmentedlist>
613 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
614 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
615 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
616
617 <seglistitem>
618 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
619 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
620 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
621 zdump, and zic</seg>
622 <seg>ld-&glibc-version;.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
623 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a,
624 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
625 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.{a,so},
626 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
627 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
628 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so},
629 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
630 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
631 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
632 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
633 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
634 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
635 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
636 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
637 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
638 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
639 </seglistitem>
640 </segmentedlist>
641
642 <variablelist>
643 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
644 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
645 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
646
647 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
648 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
651 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
652 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
653 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
654 </indexterm>
655 </listitem>
656 </varlistentry>
657
658 <varlistentry id="gencat">
659 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
660 <listitem>
661 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
663 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
668 <varlistentry id="getconf">
669 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
672 specific variables</para>
673 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
674 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
675 </indexterm>
676 </listitem>
677 </varlistentry>
678
679 <varlistentry id="getent">
680 <term><command>getent</command></term>
681 <listitem>
682 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
683 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
684 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
685 </indexterm>
686 </listitem>
687 </varlistentry>
688
689 <varlistentry id="iconv">
690 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
691 <listitem>
692 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
694 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
700 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
703 files</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
705 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
711 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
715 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="ldd">
721 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
724 by each given program or shared library</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
726 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
732 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
736 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="locale">
742 <term><command>locale</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
746 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="localedef">
752 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
756 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="makedb">
762 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
766 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
772 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
775 in human-readable format</para>
776 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
777 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
778 </indexterm>
779 </listitem>
780 </varlistentry>
781
782 <varlistentry id="nscd">
783 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
784 <listitem>
785 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
786 service requests</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
788 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
794 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
798 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="pldd">
804 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
808 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="sln">
814 <term><command>sln</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
818 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
824 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
828 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="sprof">
834 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
838 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
844 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
847 the corresponding time zone description</para>
848 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
849 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
850 </indexterm>
851 </listitem>
852 </varlistentry>
853
854 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
855 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
856 <listitem>
857 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
858 executed function</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
860 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="zdump">
866 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
870 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="zic">
876 <term><command>zic</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
880 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
886 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-&glibc-version;.so</filename></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
890 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
896 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
899 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
900 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
901 for more information</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
903 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
909 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
912 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
914 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="libanl">
920 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
924 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="libc">
930 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>The main C library</para>
933 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
934 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
935 </indexterm>
936 </listitem>
937 </varlistentry>
938
939 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
940 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
941 <listitem>
942 <para>The cryptography library</para>
943 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
944 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
945 </indexterm>
946 </listitem>
947 </varlistentry>
948
949 <varlistentry id="libdl">
950 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
951 <listitem>
952 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
954 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="libg">
960 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
963 library for <command>g++</command></para>
964 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
965 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
966 </indexterm>
967 </listitem>
968 </varlistentry>
969
970 <varlistentry id="libm">
971 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
972 <listitem>
973 <para>The mathematical library</para>
974 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
975 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
976 </indexterm>
977 </listitem>
978 </varlistentry>
979
980 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
981 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
982 <listitem>
983 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
985 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
986 </indexterm>
987 </listitem>
988 </varlistentry>
989
990 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
991 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
992 <listitem>
993 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
994 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
995 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
996 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
997 </indexterm>
998 </listitem>
999 </varlistentry>
1000
1001 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
1002 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
1003 <listitem>
1004 <para>The network services library</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
1006 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="libnss">
1012 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
1015 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
1016 protocols, etc.</para>
1017 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
1018 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
1019 </indexterm>
1020 </listitem>
1021 </varlistentry>
1022
1023 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
1024 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
1025 <listitem>
1026 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
1027 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
1028 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
1029 </indexterm>
1030 </listitem>
1031 </varlistentry>
1032
1033 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
1034 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
1035 <listitem>
1036 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
1037 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
1038 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
1039 </indexterm>
1040 </listitem>
1041 </varlistentry>
1042
1043 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
1044 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
1045 <listitem>
1046 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
1047 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
1048 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
1049 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
1050 </indexterm>
1051 </listitem>
1052 </varlistentry>
1053
1054 <varlistentry id="librt">
1055 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
1056 <listitem>
1057 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1058 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
1059 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
1060 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
1061 </indexterm>
1062 </listitem>
1063 </varlistentry>
1064
1065 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
1066 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
1067 <listitem>
1068 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
1069 multi-threaded programs</para>
1070 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
1071 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
1072 </indexterm>
1073 </listitem>
1074 </varlistentry>
1075
1076 <varlistentry id="libutil">
1077 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
1078 <listitem>
1079 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
1080 many different Unix utilities</para>
1081 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
1082 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
1083 </indexterm>
1084 </listitem>
1085 </varlistentry>
1086
1087 </variablelist>
1088
1089 </sect2>
1090
1091</sect1>
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