source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ 9dafe2d4

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46<!-- applied in 2.35 (commit b805aebd42364fe696e417808a700fdb9800c9e8)
47 <para>First, fix a security problem identified upstream:</para>
48
49 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/NOTIFY_REMOVED)/s/)/ \&amp;\&amp; data.attr != NULL)/' \
50 -i sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mq_notify.c</userinput></screen>
51-->
52 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
53 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
54 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
55 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
60 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
63cd build</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
66 utilities will be installed into
67 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
74 --disable-werror \
75 --enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version; \
76 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
77 --with-headers=/usr/include \
78 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
79
80 <variablelist>
81 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
87 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
88 </listitem>
89 </varlistentry>
90
91 <varlistentry>
92 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;</parameter></term>
93 <listitem>
94 <para>This option tells the build system that this glibc may
95 be used with kernels as old as
96 &linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;. This means generating
97 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
98 cannot be used.</para>
99 </listitem>
100 </varlistentry>
101
102 <varlistentry>
103 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
104 <listitem>
105 <para>This option increases system security by adding
106 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
107 smashing attacks.</para>
108 </listitem>
109 </varlistentry>
110<!-- do we need this one? -->
111 <varlistentry>
112 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
113 <listitem>
114 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
115 kernel API headers.</para>
116 </listitem>
117 </varlistentry>
118
119 <varlistentry>
120 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
121 <listitem>
122 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
123 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
124 </listitem>
125 </varlistentry>
126
127 </variablelist>
128
129 <para>Compile the package:</para>
130
131<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
132
133 <important>
134 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
135 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
136 </important>
137
138 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
139 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
140
141<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
142<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
143 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
144 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
145esac</userinput></screen>
146
147 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
148 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
149 in the install phase below.</para></note>
150-->
151<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
152
153 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
154 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
155 over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
156 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
157
158 <itemizedlist>
159
160 <listitem>
161 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
162 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
163 </listitem>
164
165 <listitem>
166 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
167 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
168 </listitem>
169
170 <listitem>
171 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-long</emphasis>
172 test is known to fail if the system has no non-loopback IP
173 addresses.</para> <!-- PR 24816 -->
174 </listitem>
175
176 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-August/141567.html -->
177 <listitem>
178 <para>The <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>
179 test is known to fail if the host kernel is relatively old.</para>
180 </listitem>
181
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Some tests, for example
184 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
185 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
186 timeout.</para>
187 </listitem>
188
189<!--
190 <listitem>
191 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
192 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
193 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
194 cause these tests to fail.
195 </para>
196 </listitem>
197
198 <listitem>
199 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
200 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
201 AMD processor.</para>
202 </listitem>
203-->
204 </itemizedlist>
205
206 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
207 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
208 Prevent this warning with:</para>
209
210<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
211
212 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
213 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
214 </para>
215
216<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
217
218 <para>Install the package:</para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
221
222 <para>Fix hardcoded path to the executable loader in
223 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
224
225<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
226
227 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
228 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
229
230<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
231mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
232
233 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
234 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
235
236 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
237install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
238
239 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
240 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
241 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
242 testcases.</para>
243
244 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
245 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
246 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
247 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
248 charset-independent locale definition with the
249 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
250 charmap definition and appends the result to the
251 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
252 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
253 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
254
255<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
256localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
257localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
258localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
259localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
260localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
261localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
262localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
263localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
264localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
265localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
266localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
267localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
268localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
269localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
270localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
271localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
272localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
273localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
274localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
275localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
276localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
277localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
278localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
279localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
280localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
281localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
282localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
283localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
284localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
285localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
286localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
287localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
288localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
289localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
290localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
291
292 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
293 character set.</para>
294
295 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
296 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
297 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
298 following time-consuming command:</para>
299
300<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
301
302 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
303 install locales not listed in the
304 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
305 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
306 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
307
308<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
309localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
310
311 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
312 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
313 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
314 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
315 </para></note>
316
317 </sect2>
318
319 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
320 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
321
322 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
323 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325
326 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
327 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329
330 <sect3>
331 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
332
333 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
334 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
335 </para>
336
337 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
338 following:</para>
339
340<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
341<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
342
343passwd: files
344group: files
345shadow: files
346
347hosts: files dns
348networks: files
349
350protocols: files
351services: files
352ethers: files
353rpc: files
354
355# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
356EOF</userinput></screen>
357
358 </sect3>
359
360 <sect3>
361 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
362
363 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
364<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
365
366ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
367mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
368
369for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
370 asia australasia backward; do
371 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
372 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
373 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
374done
375
376cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
377zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
378unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
379
380 <variablelist>
381 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
382
383 <varlistentry>
384 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
387 conventional to put these in both
388 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
389 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
390 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
391 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
392 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
393 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
394 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
395 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
396 failures.</para>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399 <varlistentry>
400 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
401 <listitem>
402 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
403 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
404 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
405 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
406 directory.</para>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409 <varlistentry>
410 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
413 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
414 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417 </variablelist>
418
419
420 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
421 script:</para>
422
423<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
424
425 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
426 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
427 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
428 time zones listed in <filename
429 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
430 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
431 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
432
433 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
434 running:</para>
435
436<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
437
438 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
439 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
440
441 </sect3>
442
443 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
444 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
445
446 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
447 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449
450 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
451 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
452 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
453 that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
454 libraries in directories other than
455 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
456 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
457 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
458 to contain additional libraries are <filename
459 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
460 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
461 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
462
463 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
464 following:</para>
465
466<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
467<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
468/usr/local/lib
469/opt/lib
470</literal>
471EOF</userinput></screen>
472
473 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
474 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
475 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
476 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
477
478<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
479<literal># Add an include directory
480include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
481</literal>
482EOF
483mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
484
485 </sect3>
486 </sect2>
487
488 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
489 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
490
491 <segmentedlist>
492 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
493 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
494 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
495
496 <seglistitem>
497 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
498 ldd, lddlibc4,
499 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
500 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
501 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
502 zdump, and zic</seg>
503 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
504 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
505 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
506 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
507 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
508 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
509 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
510 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
511 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
512 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
513 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
514 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
515 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
516 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
517 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
518 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
519 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
520 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
521 </seglistitem>
522 </segmentedlist>
523
524 <variablelist>
525 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
526 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
527 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
528
529 <varlistentry id="gencat">
530 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
533 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
534 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
535 </indexterm>
536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538
539 <varlistentry id="getconf">
540 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
541 <listitem>
542 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
543 specific variables</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
545 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="getent">
551 <term><command>getent</command></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
555 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="iconv">
561 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
565 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
571 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
574 files</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
576 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
582 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
586 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="ldd">
592 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
595 by each given program or shared library</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
597 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
603 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
606 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
608 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="locale">
614 <term><command>locale</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
618 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="localedef">
624 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
628 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="makedb">
634 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
638 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
644 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
647 in human-readable format</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
649 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="nscd">
655 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
658 service requests</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
660 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
666 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
670 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="pldd">
676 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
680 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
685 <varlistentry id="sln">
686 <term><command>sln</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
689 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
690 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
691 </indexterm>
692 </listitem>
693 </varlistentry>
694
695 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
696 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
697 <listitem>
698 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
700 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="sprof">
706 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
709 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
710 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
711 </indexterm>
712 </listitem>
713 </varlistentry>
714
715 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
716 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
717 <listitem>
718 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
719 the corresponding time zone description</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
721 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
727 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
730 executed function</para>
731 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
732 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
733 </indexterm>
734 </listitem>
735 </varlistentry>
736
737 <varlistentry id="zdump">
738 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
739 <listitem>
740 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
741 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
742 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
743 </indexterm>
744 </listitem>
745 </varlistentry>
746
747 <varlistentry id="zic">
748 <term><command>zic</command></term>
749 <listitem>
750 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
752 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
758 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
761 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
762 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
763 </indexterm>
764 </listitem>
765 </varlistentry>
766
767 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
768 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
769 <listitem>
770 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
771 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
772 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
773 for more information</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
775 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="libanl">
781 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
784 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
785 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
786 </indexterm>
787 </listitem>
788 </varlistentry>
789
790 <varlistentry id="libc">
791 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
792 <listitem>
793 <para>The main C library</para>
794 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
795 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
796 </indexterm>
797 </listitem>
798 </varlistentry>
799
800 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
801 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
802 <listitem>
803 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
805 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
811 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>The cryptography library</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
815 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="libdl">
821 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
824 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
825 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
826 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
827 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
828 </indexterm>
829 </listitem>
830 </varlistentry>
831
832 <varlistentry id="libg">
833 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
834 <listitem>
835 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
836 library for <command>g++</command></para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
838 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="libm">
844 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>The mathematical library</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
848 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
854 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
857 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
858 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
859 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
860 </indexterm>
861 </listitem>
862 </varlistentry>
863
864 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
865 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
866 <listitem>
867 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
868 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
869 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
870 </indexterm>
871 </listitem>
872 </varlistentry>
873
874 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
875 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
876 <listitem>
877 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
878 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
880 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
886 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
890 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="libnss">
896 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
899 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
900 protocols, etc. Loaded by
901 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
902 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
904 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
905 </indexterm>
906 </listitem>
907 </varlistentry>
908
909 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
910 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
911 <listitem>
912 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
914 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
920 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
923 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
924 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension, now the functions are in
925 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
927 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
933 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
936 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
938 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="librt">
944 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
947 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
948 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
949 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
950 </indexterm>
951 </listitem>
952 </varlistentry>
953
954 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
955 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
956 <listitem>
957 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
958 multi-threaded programs</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
960 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="libutil">
966 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
969 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
970 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
971 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
973 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 </variablelist>
979
980 </sect2>
981
982</sect1>
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