source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ e15b03b

multilib
Last change on this file since e15b03b was e15b03b, checked in by Thomas Trepl (Moody) <thomas@…>, 22 months ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46<!-- applied in 2.35 (commit b805aebd42364fe696e417808a700fdb9800c9e8)
47 <para>First, fix a security problem identified upstream:</para>
48
49 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/NOTIFY_REMOVED)/s/)/ \&amp;\&amp; data.attr != NULL)/' \
50 -i sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mq_notify.c</userinput></screen>
51-->
52 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
53 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
54 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
55 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
60 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
63cd build</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
66 utilities will be installed into
67 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen arch="default"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
74 --disable-werror \
75 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
76 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
77 --with-headers=/usr/include \
78 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
79<screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all"><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
80 --disable-werror \
81 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
82 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
83 --with-headers=/usr/include \
84 --enable-multi-arch \
85 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
86
87 <variablelist>
88 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
94 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
95 </listitem>
96 </varlistentry>
97
98 <varlistentry>
99 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&min-kernel;</parameter></term>
100 <listitem>
101 <para>This option tells the build system that this glibc may
102 be used with kernels as old as &min-kernel;. This means generating
103 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
104 cannot be used.</para>
105 </listitem>
106 </varlistentry>
107
108 <varlistentry>
109 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
110 <listitem>
111 <para>This option increases system security by adding
112 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
113 smashing attacks.</para>
114 </listitem>
115 </varlistentry>
116<!-- do we need this one? -->
117 <varlistentry>
118 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
119 <listitem>
120 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
121 kernel API headers.</para>
122 </listitem>
123 </varlistentry>
124
125 <varlistentry>
126 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
127 <listitem>
128 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
129 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 </variablelist>
134
135 <para>Compile the package:</para>
136
137<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
138
139 <important>
140 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
141 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
142 </important>
143
144 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
145 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
146
147<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
148<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
149 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
150 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
151esac</userinput></screen>
152
153 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
154 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
155 in the install phase below.</para></note>
156-->
157<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
158
159 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
160 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
161 over 4200 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
162 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
163
164 <itemizedlist>
165
166 <listitem>
167 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
168 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
169 </listitem>
170
171 <listitem>
172 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
173 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
174 </listitem>
175
176 <listitem>
177 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-long</emphasis>
178 test is known to fail if the system has no non-loopback IP
179 addresses.</para> <!-- PR 24816 -->
180 </listitem>
181
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Some tests, for example
184 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
185 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
186 timeout.</para>
187 </listitem>
188
189 <!--
190 https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/lfs-support/2022-06/msg00022.html
191 https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-June/139839.html
192 -->
193 <listitem>
194 <para>About 27 tests, for example <emphasis>elf/tst-pldd</emphasis>,
195 are known to fail if the kernel supports namespaces (see
196 <filename>namespaces(7)</filename> for details) but the host distro
197 has disabled them via sysctl.</para>
198 </listitem>
199<!--
200 <listitem>
201 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
202 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
203 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
204 cause these tests to fail.
205 </para>
206 </listitem>
207
208 <listitem>
209 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
210 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
211 AMD processor.</para>
212 </listitem>
213-->
214 </itemizedlist>
215
216 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
217 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
218 Prevent this warning with:</para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
221
222 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
223 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
224 </para>
225
226<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
227
228 <para>Install the package:</para>
229
230<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
231
232 <para>Fix hardcoded path to the executable loader in
233 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
234
235<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
236
237 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
238 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
239
240<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
241mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
242
243 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
244 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
245
246 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
247install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
248
249 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
250 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
251 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
252 testcases.</para>
253
254 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
255 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
256 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
257 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
258 charset-independent locale definition with the
259 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
260 charmap definition and appends the result to the
261 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
262 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
263 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
264
265<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
266localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
267localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
268localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
269localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
270localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
271localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
272localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
273localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
274localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
275localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
276localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
277localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
278localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
279localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
280localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
281localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
282localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
283localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
284localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
285localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
286localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
287localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
288localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
289localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
290localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
291localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
292localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
293localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
294localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
295localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
296localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
297localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
298localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
299localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
300localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
301
302 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
303 character set.</para>
304
305 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
306 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
307 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
308 following time-consuming command:</para>
309
310<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
311
312 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
313 install locales not listed in the
314 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
315 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
316 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
317
318<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
319localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
320
321 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
322 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
323 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
324 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
325 </para></note>
326
327 </sect2>
328
329 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
330 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
331
332 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
333 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
334 </indexterm>
335
336 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
337 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339
340 <sect3>
341 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
342
343 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
344 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
345 </para>
346
347 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
348 following:</para>
349
350<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
351<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
352
353passwd: files
354group: files
355shadow: files
356
357hosts: files dns
358networks: files
359
360protocols: files
361services: files
362ethers: files
363rpc: files
364
365# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
366EOF</userinput></screen>
367
368 </sect3>
369
370 <sect3>
371 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
372
373 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
374<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
375
376ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
377mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
378
379for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
380 asia australasia backward; do
381 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
382 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
383 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
384done
385
386cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
387zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
388unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
389
390 <variablelist>
391 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
392
393 <varlistentry>
394 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
397 conventional to put these in both
398 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
399 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
400 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
401 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
402 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
403 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
404 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
405 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
406 failures.</para>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409 <varlistentry>
410 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
411 <listitem>
412 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
413 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
414 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
415 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
416 directory.</para>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419 <varlistentry>
420 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
421 <listitem>
422 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
423 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
424 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427 </variablelist>
428
429
430 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
431 script:</para>
432
433<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
434
435 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
436 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
437 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
438 time zones listed in <filename
439 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
440 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
441 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
442
443 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
444 running:</para>
445
446<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
447
448 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
449 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
450
451 </sect3>
452
453 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
454 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
455
456 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
457 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459
460 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
461 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
462 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
463 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
464 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
465 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
466 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
467 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
468 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
469 to contain additional libraries are <filename
470 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
471 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
472 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
473
474 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
475 following:</para>
476
477<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
478<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
479/usr/local/lib
480/opt/lib
481</literal>
482EOF</userinput></screen>
483
484 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
485 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
486 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
487 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
488
489<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
490<literal># Add an include directory
491include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
492</literal>
493EOF
494mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
495
496 </sect3>
497 </sect2>
498
499 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
500 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
501 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
502 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all">
503 <title>Building Glibc - 32bit</title>
504
505 <para>Now recompile for m32. The extracted source can be
506 reused but needs to be cleaned before installing the m32
507 version of Glibc.</para>
508
509 <para>Clear the build directory and remove artefacts from
510 previous build:</para>
511
512<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf ./*
513find .. -name "*.a" -delete</userinput></screen>
514
515 <para>Configure Glibc for m32 with the following commands:</para>
516
517<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -m32" CXX="g++ -m32" \
518../configure \
519 --prefix=/usr \
520 --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu \
521 --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
522 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
523 --with-headers=/usr/include \
524 --enable-multi-arch \
525 --libdir=/usr/lib32 \
526 --libexecdir=/usr/lib32 \
527 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib32</userinput></screen>
528
529 <para>Compile the package:</para>
530
531<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
532
533 <para>Install the package:</para>
534
535<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
536cp -a DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32/
537install -vm644 DESTDIR/usr/include/gnu/{lib-names,stubs}-32.h \
538 /usr/include/gnu/</userinput></screen>
539<!-- no longer required as they are created in chap5
540ln -svf ../lib32/ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
541-->
542
543 <para>Add the library name to the dynamic loader config:</para>
544
545<screen role="install"><userinput>echo "/usr/lib32" &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
546
547 <caution>
548 <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
549 functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
550 expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>
551
552<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
553gcc -m32 dummy.c
554readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux'</userinput></screen>
555
556 <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
557 and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>
558
559<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
560
561 <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
562 then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
563 where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
564 continuing on.</para>
565
566 <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
567
568<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
569
570 </caution>
571
572 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
573
574 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
575 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
576 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
577
578 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all">
579 <title>Building Glibc - x32bit</title>
580
581 <para>Now recompile for mx32. The extracted source can be
582 reused but needs to be cleaned before installing the mx32
583 version of Glibc.</para>
584
585 <para>Clear the build directory and remove artefacts from
586 previous build:</para>
587
588<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf ./*
589find .. -name "*.a" -delete</userinput></screen>
590
591 <para>Configure Glibc for mx32 with the following commands:</para>
592
593<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -mx32" CXX="g++ -mx32" \
594../configure \
595 --prefix=/usr \
596 --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnux32 \
597 --build=$(../scripts/config.guess) \
598 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
599 --with-headers=/usr/include \
600 --enable-multi-arch \
601 --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
602 --libexecdir=/usr/libx32 \
603 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/libx32</userinput></screen>
604
605 <para>Compile the package:</para>
606
607<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
608
609 <para>Install the package:</para>
610
611<screen><userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR install
612cp -a DESTDIR/usr/libx32/* /usr/libx32/
613install -vm644 DESTDIR/usr/include/gnu/{lib-names,stubs}-x32.h \
614 /usr/include/gnu/</userinput></screen>
615<!-- no longer required as they are created in chap5
616ln -svf ../libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2 /lib/ld-linux-x32.so.2
617-->
618 <para>Add the library name to the dynamic loader config:</para>
619
620<screen role="install"><userinput>echo "/usr/libx32" &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
621
622 <caution>
623 <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
624 functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
625 expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>
626
627<screen><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
628gcc -mx32 dummy.c
629readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux-x32'</userinput></screen>
630
631 <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
632 and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>
633
634<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /libx32/ld-linux-x32.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
635
636 <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
637 then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
638 where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
639 continuing on.</para>
640
641 <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>
642
643<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>
644
645 </caution>
646
647 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
648
649 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
650 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
651
652 <segmentedlist>
653 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
654 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
655 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
656
657 <seglistitem>
658 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
659 ldd, lddlibc4,
660 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
661 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
662 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
663 zdump, and zic</seg>
664 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
665 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
666 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
667 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
668 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
669 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
670 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
671 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
672 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
673 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
674 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
675 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
676 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
677 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
678 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
679 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
680 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
681 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
682 </seglistitem>
683 </segmentedlist>
684
685 <variablelist>
686 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
687 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
688 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
689
690 <varlistentry id="gencat">
691 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
695 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="getconf">
701 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
704 specific variables</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
706 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="getent">
712 <term><command>getent</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
715 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
716 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
717 </indexterm>
718 </listitem>
719 </varlistentry>
720
721 <varlistentry id="iconv">
722 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
723 <listitem>
724 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
726 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
732 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
735 files</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
737 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
743 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
747 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="ldd">
753 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
756 by each given program or shared library</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
758 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
764 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
767 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
769 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="locale">
775 <term><command>locale</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
779 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="localedef">
785 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
789 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="makedb">
795 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
799 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
805 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
808 in human-readable format</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
810 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="nscd">
816 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
819 service requests</para>
820 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
821 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
822 </indexterm>
823 </listitem>
824 </varlistentry>
825
826 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
827 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
828 <listitem>
829 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
830 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
831 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
832 </indexterm>
833 </listitem>
834 </varlistentry>
835
836 <varlistentry id="pldd">
837 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
838 <listitem>
839 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
840 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
841 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
842 </indexterm>
843 </listitem>
844 </varlistentry>
845
846 <varlistentry id="sln">
847 <term><command>sln</command></term>
848 <listitem>
849 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
851 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
857 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
860 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
861 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
862 </indexterm>
863 </listitem>
864 </varlistentry>
865
866 <varlistentry id="sprof">
867 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
868 <listitem>
869 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
871 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
877 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
880 the corresponding time zone description</para>
881 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
882 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
883 </indexterm>
884 </listitem>
885 </varlistentry>
886
887 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
888 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
889 <listitem>
890 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
891 executed function</para>
892 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
893 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
894 </indexterm>
895 </listitem>
896 </varlistentry>
897
898 <varlistentry id="zdump">
899 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
900 <listitem>
901 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
903 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="zic">
909 <term><command>zic</command></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
913 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
919 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
922 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
923 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
924 </indexterm>
925 </listitem>
926 </varlistentry>
927
928 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
929 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
930 <listitem>
931 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
932 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
933 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
934 for more information</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
936 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="libanl">
942 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
946 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="libc">
952 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>The main C library</para>
955 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
956 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
957 </indexterm>
958 </listitem>
959 </varlistentry>
960
961 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
962 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
963 <listitem>
964 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
965 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
966 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
967 </indexterm>
968 </listitem>
969 </varlistentry>
970
971 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
972 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
973 <listitem>
974 <para>The cryptography library</para>
975 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
976 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
977 </indexterm>
978 </listitem>
979 </varlistentry>
980
981 <varlistentry id="libdl">
982 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
983 <listitem>
984 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
985 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
986 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
987 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
988 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
989 </indexterm>
990 </listitem>
991 </varlistentry>
992
993 <varlistentry id="libg">
994 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
995 <listitem>
996 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
997 library for <command>g++</command></para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
999 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="libm">
1005 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>The mathematical library</para>
1008 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
1009 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
1010 </indexterm>
1011 </listitem>
1012 </varlistentry>
1013
1014 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
1015 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
1016 <listitem>
1017 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
1018 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
1019 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
1020 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
1021 </indexterm>
1022 </listitem>
1023 </varlistentry>
1024
1025 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
1026 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
1027 <listitem>
1028 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
1030 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
1036 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
1039 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
1040 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
1041 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
1042 </indexterm>
1043 </listitem>
1044 </varlistentry>
1045
1046 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
1047 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
1048 <listitem>
1049 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
1050 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
1051 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
1052 </indexterm>
1053 </listitem>
1054 </varlistentry>
1055
1056 <varlistentry id="libnss">
1057 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
1058 <listitem>
1059 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
1060 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
1061 protocols, etc. Loaded by
1062 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
1063 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
1065 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
1071 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
1075 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
1081 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
1084 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1085 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension, now the functions are in
1086 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
1088 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
1093 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
1094 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
1097 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
1098 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
1099 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
1100 </indexterm>
1101 </listitem>
1102 </varlistentry>
1103
1104 <varlistentry id="librt">
1105 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
1106 <listitem>
1107 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1108 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
1110 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
1116 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
1119 multi-threaded programs</para>
1120 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
1121 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
1122 </indexterm>
1123 </listitem>
1124 </varlistentry>
1125
1126 <varlistentry id="libutil">
1127 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
1128 <listitem>
1129 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
1130 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
1131 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
1132 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
1133 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
1134 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
1135 </indexterm>
1136 </listitem>
1137 </varlistentry>
1138
1139 </variablelist>
1140
1141 </sect2>
1142
1143</sect1>
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