source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ f7c33596

xry111/clfs-ng
Last change on this file since f7c33596 was f7c33596, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 22 months ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46<!-- applied in 2.35 (commit b805aebd42364fe696e417808a700fdb9800c9e8)
47 <para>First, fix a security problem identified upstream:</para>
48
49 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/NOTIFY_REMOVED)/s/)/ \&amp;\&amp; data.attr != NULL)/' \
50 -i sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mq_notify.c</userinput></screen>
51-->
52 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
53 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
54 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
55 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
60 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
63cd build</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
66 utilities will be installed into
67 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
74 --disable-werror \
75 --enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version; \
76 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
77 --with-headers=/usr/include \
78 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
79
80 <variablelist>
81 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
87 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
88 </listitem>
89 </varlistentry>
90
91 <varlistentry>
92 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;</parameter></term>
93 <listitem>
94 <para>This option tells the build system that this glibc may
95 be used with kernels as old as
96 &linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;. This means generating
97 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
98 cannot be used.</para>
99 </listitem>
100 </varlistentry>
101
102 <varlistentry>
103 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
104 <listitem>
105 <para>This option increases system security by adding
106 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
107 smashing attacks.</para>
108 </listitem>
109 </varlistentry>
110<!-- do we need this one? -->
111 <varlistentry>
112 <term><parameter>--with-headers=/usr/include</parameter></term>
113 <listitem>
114 <para>This option tells the build system where to find the
115 kernel API headers.</para>
116 </listitem>
117 </varlistentry>
118
119 <varlistentry>
120 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
121 <listitem>
122 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
123 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
124 </listitem>
125 </varlistentry>
126
127 </variablelist>
128
129 <para>Compile the package:</para>
130
131<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
132
133 <important>
134 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
135 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
136 </important>
137
138 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
139 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
140
141<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
142<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
143 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
144 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
145esac</userinput></screen>
146
147 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
148 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
149 in the install phase below.</para></note>
150-->
151<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
152
153 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
154 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
155 over 4200 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
156 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
157
158 <itemizedlist>
159
160 <listitem>
161 <para><emphasis>io/tst-lchmod</emphasis>
162 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
163 </listitem>
164
165 <listitem>
166 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
167 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
168 </listitem>
169
170 <listitem>
171 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-long</emphasis>
172 test is known to fail if the system has no non-loopback IP
173 addresses.</para> <!-- PR 24816 -->
174 </listitem>
175
176 <listitem>
177 <para>Some tests, for example
178 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>,
179 are known to fail on relatively slow systems due to an internal
180 timeout.</para>
181 </listitem>
182
183 <!--
184 https://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/sympa/arc/lfs-support/2022-06/msg00022.html
185 https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-June/139839.html
186 -->
187 <listitem>
188 <para>About 27 tests, for example <emphasis>elf/tst-pldd</emphasis>,
189 are known to fail if the kernel supports namespaces (see
190 <filename>namespaces(7)</filename> for details) but the host distro
191 has disabled them via sysctl.</para>
192 </listitem>
193<!--
194 <listitem>
195 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer{1,2,3}</emphasis> tests depend on
196 the host system kernel. Kernels 4.14.91&ndash;4.14.96,
197 4.19.13&ndash;4.19.18, and 4.20.0&ndash;4.20.5 are known to
198 cause these tests to fail.
199 </para>
200 </listitem>
201
202 <listitem>
203 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
204 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
205 AMD processor.</para>
206 </listitem>
207-->
208 </itemizedlist>
209
210 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
211 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
212 Prevent this warning with:</para>
213
214<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
215
216 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
217 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
218 </para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
221
222 <para>Install the package:</para>
223
224<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
225
226 <para>Fix hardcoded path to the executable loader in
227 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
228
229<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
230
231 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
232 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
233
234<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
235mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
236
237 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
238 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
239
240 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
241install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
242
243 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
244 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
245 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
246 testcases.</para>
247
248 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
249 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
250 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
251 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
252 charset-independent locale definition with the
253 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
254 charmap definition and appends the result to the
255 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
256 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
257 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
258
259<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
260localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
261localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
262localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
263localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
264localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
265localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
266localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
267localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
268localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
269localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
270localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
271localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
272localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
273localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
274localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
275localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
276localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
277localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
278localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
279localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
280localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
281localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
282localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
283localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
284localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
285localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
286localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
287localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
288localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
289localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
290localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
291localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
292localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
293localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
294localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
295
296 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
297 character set.</para>
298
299 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
300 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
301 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
302 following time-consuming command:</para>
303
304<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
305
306 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
307 install locales not listed in the
308 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
309 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
310 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
311
312<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
313localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
314
315 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
316 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
317 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
318 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
319 </para></note>
320
321 </sect2>
322
323 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
324 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
325
326 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
327 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329
330 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
331 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
332 </indexterm>
333
334 <sect3>
335 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
336
337 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
338 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
339 </para>
340
341 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
342 following:</para>
343
344<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
345<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
346
347passwd: files
348group: files
349shadow: files
350
351hosts: files dns
352networks: files
353
354protocols: files
355services: files
356ethers: files
357rpc: files
358
359# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
360EOF</userinput></screen>
361
362 </sect3>
363
364 <sect3>
365 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
366
367 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
368<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
369
370ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
371mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
372
373for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
374 asia australasia backward; do
375 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
376 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
377 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
378done
379
380cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
381zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
382unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
383
384 <variablelist>
385 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
386
387 <varlistentry>
388 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
391 conventional to put these in both
392 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
393 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
394 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
395 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
396 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
397 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
398 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
399 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
400 failures.</para>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403 <varlistentry>
404 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
407 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
408 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
409 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
410 directory.</para>
411 </listitem>
412 </varlistentry>
413 <varlistentry>
414 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
417 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
418 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421 </variablelist>
422
423
424 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
425 script:</para>
426
427<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
428
429 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
430 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
431 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
432 time zones listed in <filename
433 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
434 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
435 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
436
437 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
438 running:</para>
439
440<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
441
442 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
443 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
444
445 </sect3>
446
447 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
448 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
449
450 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
451 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453
454 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
455 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
456 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
457 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
458 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
459 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
460 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
461 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
462 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
463 to contain additional libraries are <filename
464 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
465 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
466 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
467
468 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
469 following:</para>
470
471<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
472<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
473/usr/local/lib
474/opt/lib
475</literal>
476EOF</userinput></screen>
477
478 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
479 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
480 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
481 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
482
483<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
484<literal># Add an include directory
485include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
486</literal>
487EOF
488mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
489
490 </sect3>
491 </sect2>
492
493 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
494 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
495
496 <segmentedlist>
497 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
498 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
499 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
500
501 <seglistitem>
502 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
503 ldd, lddlibc4,
504 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
505 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
506 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
507 zdump, and zic</seg>
508 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
509 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
510 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
511 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
512 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
513 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
514 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
515 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
516 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
517 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
518 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
519 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
520 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
521 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
522 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
523 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
524 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
525 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
526 </seglistitem>
527 </segmentedlist>
528
529 <variablelist>
530 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
531 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
532 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
533
534 <varlistentry id="gencat">
535 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
539 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="getconf">
545 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
548 specific variables</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
550 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="getent">
556 <term><command>getent</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
560 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="iconv">
566 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
570 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
576 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
579 files</para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
581 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
587 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
590 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
591 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
592 </indexterm>
593 </listitem>
594 </varlistentry>
595
596 <varlistentry id="ldd">
597 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
598 <listitem>
599 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
600 by each given program or shared library</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
602 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
608 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
611 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
613 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="locale">
619 <term><command>locale</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
623 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="localedef">
629 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
633 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="makedb">
639 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
643 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
649 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
652 in human-readable format</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
654 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="nscd">
660 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
663 service requests</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
665 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
671 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
675 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="pldd">
681 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
685 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="sln">
691 <term><command>sln</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
695 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
701 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
705 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="sprof">
711 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
714 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
715 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
716 </indexterm>
717 </listitem>
718 </varlistentry>
719
720 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
721 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
722 <listitem>
723 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
724 the corresponding time zone description</para>
725 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
726 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
727 </indexterm>
728 </listitem>
729 </varlistentry>
730
731 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
732 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
733 <listitem>
734 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
735 executed function</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
737 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="zdump">
743 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
747 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="zic">
753 <term><command>zic</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
757 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
763 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
766 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
767 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
768 </indexterm>
769 </listitem>
770 </varlistentry>
771
772 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
773 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
774 <listitem>
775 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
776 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
777 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
778 for more information</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
780 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="libanl">
786 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
790 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="libc">
796 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>The main C library</para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
800 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
805 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
806 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
810 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
816 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>The cryptography library</para>
819 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
820 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
821 </indexterm>
822 </listitem>
823 </varlistentry>
824
825 <varlistentry id="libdl">
826 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
827 <listitem>
828 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
829 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
830 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
832 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="libg">
838 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
841 library for <command>g++</command></para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
843 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="libm">
849 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>The mathematical library</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
853 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
859 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
862 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
864 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
870 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
874 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
880 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
883 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
885 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
891 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
895 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="libnss">
901 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
904 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
905 protocols, etc. Loaded by
906 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
907 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
909 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
915 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
919 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
925 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
928 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
929 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension, now the functions are in
930 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
931 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
932 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
933 </indexterm>
934 </listitem>
935 </varlistentry>
936
937 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
938 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
939 <listitem>
940 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
941 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
943 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="librt">
949 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
952 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
954 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
960 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
963 multi-threaded programs</para>
964 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
965 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
966 </indexterm>
967 </listitem>
968 </varlistentry>
969
970 <varlistentry id="libutil">
971 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
972 <listitem>
973 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
974 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
975 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
976 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
978 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 </variablelist>
984
985 </sect2>
986
987</sect1>
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