source: chapter08/glibc.xml@ fe48a03

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Last change on this file since fe48a03 was fe48a03, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 5 months ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-fin-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-fin-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compliant
47 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
48 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
49 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
52<!--
53 <para>Now fix two security vulnerabilities and a regression causing the
54 posix_memalign() function very slow in some conditions:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-upstream-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen>
57-->
58 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
59 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command>
65 utilities will be installed into
66 <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
73 --disable-werror \
74 --enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version; \
75 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
76 --disable-nscd \
77 libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
78
79 <variablelist>
80 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
81
82 <varlistentry>
83 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
84 <listitem>
85 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
86 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
87 </listitem>
88 </varlistentry>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--enable-kernel=&linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This option tells the build system that this Glibc may
94 be used with kernels as old as
95 &linux-major-version;.&linux-minor-version;. This means generating
96 workarounds in case a system call introduced in a later version
97 cannot be used.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100
101 <varlistentry>
102 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
103 <listitem>
104 <para>This option increases system security by adding
105 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
106 smashing attacks. Note that Glibc always explicitly overrides
107 the default of GCC, so this option is still needed even though
108 we've already specified <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> for
109 GCC.</para>
110 </listitem>
111 </varlistentry>
112
113 <varlistentry>
114 <term><parameter>--disable-nscd</parameter></term>
115 <listitem>
116 <para>Do not build the name service cache daemon which is no
117 longer used.</para>
118 </listitem>
119 </varlistentry>
120
121 <varlistentry>
122 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
123 <listitem>
124 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
125 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
126 </listitem>
127 </varlistentry>
128
129 </variablelist>
130
131 <para>Compile the package:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
134
135 <important>
136 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
137 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
138 </important>
139
140 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
141 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
142
143<!-- Use remap="make" here to work around a jhalfs issue. -->
144<!--<screen><userinput remap="make">case $(uname -m) in
145 i?86) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux.so.2 /lib ;;
146 x86_64) ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib ;;
147esac</userinput></screen>
148
149 <note><para>The symbolic link above is needed to run the tests at this
150 stage of building in the chroot environment. It will be overwritten
151 in the install phase below.</para></note>
152-->
153<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
154
155 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
156 somewhat dependent on the host system. A few failures out of
157 over 5000 tests can generally be ignored. This is a list of the
158 most common issues seen for recent versions of LFS:</para>
159
160 <itemizedlist>
161
162 <listitem>
163 <para>Some tests, for example
164 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis> and
165 <emphasis>nptl/tst-thread-affinity*</emphasis>
166 are known to fail due to a timeout (especially when the system is
167 relatively slow and/or running the test suite with multiple
168 parallel make jobs). These tests can be identified with:</para>
169
170 <!-- TODO: Using nodump for freeze. Change it to role="test" after
171 12.1 release so jhalfs can list these in the log. -->
172 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>grep "Timed out" -l $(find -name \*.out)</userinput></screen>
173
174 <para>It's possible to re-run a single test with enlarged timeout
175 with
176 <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=<replaceable>&lt;factor&gt;</replaceable>
177 make test t=<replaceable>&lt;test name&gt;</replaceable></command>.
178 For example, <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=10 make test
179 t=nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</command> will re-run
180 <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis> with ten times
181 the original timeout.</para>
182 </listitem>
183
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Additionally, some tests may fail with a relatively old CPU
186 model (for example
187 <emphasis>elf/tst-cpu-features-cpuinfo</emphasis>) or host kernel
188 version (for example
189 <emphasis>stdlib/tst-arc4random-thread</emphasis>).</para>
190 </listitem>
191 </itemizedlist>
192
193 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
194 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
195 Prevent this warning with:</para>
196
197<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
198
199 <!-- https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21911 -->
200 <para>Fix the Makefile to skip an outdated sanity check
201 that fails with a modern Glibc configuration:</para>
202
203<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
204
205 <important>
206 <para>
207 If upgrading Glibc to a new minor version (for example, from
208 Glibc-2.36 to Glibc-&glibc-version;) on a running LFS system, you
209 need to take some extra precautions to avoid breaking the system:
210 </para>
211
212 <itemizedlist>
213 <listitem>
214 <!-- There are two reasons we don't support this:
215 1. Upgrading on a system with separate /lib and /usr/lib is
216 tricky.
217 2. With Glibc prior to 2.34 libc.so.6 etc. are symlinks to
218 libc-2.33.so etc., again causing the upgradation tricky.
219 The Glibc NEWS file explicit states they no longer use
220 symlinks for the ABI names to avoid upgradation
221 issues. -->
222 <para>
223 Upgrading Glibc on a LFS system prior to 11.0 (exclusive) is
224 not supported. Rebuild LFS if you are running such an old LFS
225 system but you need a newer Glibc.
226 </para>
227 </listitem>
228
229 <!-- https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2024-January/154095.html -->
230 <listitem>
231 <para>
232 If upgrading on a LFS system prior to 12.0 (exclusive), install
233 <application>Libxcrypt</application> following
234 <xref role='.' linkend='ch-system-libxcrypt'/> In addition to
235 a normal <application>Libxcrypt</application> installation,
236 <emphasis role='bold'>you MUST follow the note in Libxcrypt
237 section to install
238 <filename class='libraryfile'>libcrypt.so.1*</filename>
239 (overwritting
240 <filename class='libraryfile'>libcrypt.so.1</filename> from the
241 prior Glibc installation)</emphasis>.
242 </para>
243 </listitem>
244
245 <!-- Otherwise on lfs-systemd nscd will fail to start on boot,
246 and on both lfs-sysv and lfs-systemd useradd etc. will try
247 to start nscd, then nscd will fail to start as well and
248 produce some spurious error message. -->
249 <listitem>
250 <para>
251 If upgrading on a LFS system prior to 12.1 (exclusive),
252 remove the <command>nscd</command> program:
253 </para>
254
255 <screen role='nodump'><userinput>rm -f /usr/sbin/nscd</userinput></screen>
256
257 <para>
258 If this system (prior to LFS 12.1, exclusive) is based on
259 Systemd, it's also needed to disable and stop the
260 <command>nscd</command> service now:
261 </para>
262
263 <screen revision='systemd' role='nodump'><userinput>systemctl disable --now nscd</userinput></screen>
264 </listitem>
265
266 <listitem>
267 <para>
268 Upgrade the kernel and reboot if it's older than &min-kernel;
269 (check the current version with <command>uname -r</command>)
270 or if you want to upgrade it anyway, following
271 <xref linkend='ch-bootable-kernel' role='.'/>
272 </para>
273 </listitem>
274
275 <listitem>
276 <para>
277 Upgrade the kernel API headers if it's older than &min-kernel;
278 (check the current version with
279 <command>cat /usr/include/linux/version.h</command>)
280 or if you want to upgrade it anyway, following
281 <xref linkend='ch-tools-linux-headers'/> (but removing
282 <envar>$LFS</envar> from the <command>cp</command> command).
283 </para>
284 </listitem>
285
286 <!-- This is to ensure we don't start a process at the time point
287 where some Glibc shared libraries are updated but the others
288 are not. Such mismatches can cause programs crash on startup,
289 esp. a mismatch between ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 and
290 libc.so.6. Note that a crash in the installation process
291 will leave the system in a state with the mismatch forever,
292 unrecoverable without the help of another distro. -->
293 <listitem>
294 <para>
295 Perform a <envar>DESTDIR</envar> installation and upgrade
296 the Glibc shared libraries on the system using one single
297 <command>install</command> command:
298 </para>
299
300 <screen role='nodump'><userinput>make DESTDIR=$PWD/dest install
301install -vm755 dest/usr/lib/*.so.* /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
302 </listitem>
303 </itemizedlist>
304
305 <para>
306 It's imperative to strictly follow these steps above unless you
307 completely understand what you are doing.
308 <emphasis role='bold'>Any unexpected deviation may render the
309 system completely unusable. YOU ARE WARNED.</emphasis>
310 </para>
311
312 <para>
313 Then continue to run the <command>make install</command> command,
314 the <command>sed</command> command against
315 <filename>/usr/bin/ldd</filename>, and the commands to install
316 the locales. Once they are finished, reboot the system
317 immediately.
318 </para>
319 </important>
320
321 <para>Install the package:</para>
322
323<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
324
325 <para>Fix a hardcoded path to the executable loader in the
326 <command>ldd</command> script:</para>
327
328<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/RTLDLIST=/s@/usr@@g' -i /usr/bin/ldd</userinput></screen>
329<!--
330 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
331 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
332
333<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
334mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
335
336 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
337 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
338
339 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
340install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
341-->
342 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
343 different language. None of these locales are required, but if some of them
344 are missing, the test suites of some packages will skip important
345 test cases.</para>
346
347 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
348 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the second
349 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
350 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
351 charset-independent locale definition with the
352 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
353 charmap definition and appends the result to the
354 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
355 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
356 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
357
358<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
359localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8
360localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
361localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
362localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
363localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
364localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
365localedef -i en_GB -f ISO-8859-1 en_GB
366localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
367localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
368localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
369localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
370localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
371localedef -i es_ES -f ISO-8859-15 es_ES@euro
372localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
373localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
374localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
375localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
376localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
377localedef -i is_IS -f ISO-8859-1 is_IS
378localedef -i is_IS -f UTF-8 is_IS.UTF-8
379localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
380localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-15 it_IT@euro
381localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
382localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
383localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true
384localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
385localedef -i nl_NL@euro -f ISO-8859-15 nl_NL@euro
386localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
387localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
388localedef -i se_NO -f UTF-8 se_NO.UTF-8
389localedef -i ta_IN -f UTF-8 ta_IN.UTF-8
390localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
391localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
392localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
393localedef -i zh_TW -f UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
394
395 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
396 character set.</para>
397
398 <para>Alternatively, install all the locales listed in the
399 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
400 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
401 following time-consuming command:</para>
402
403<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
404
405 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
406 install locales not listed in the
407 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
408 when you need them. For instance, the following two locales are
409 needed for some tests later in this chapter:</para>
410
411<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-full">localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8
412localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SJIS 2> /dev/null || true</userinput></screen>
413
414 <note><para>Glibc now uses libidn2 when resolving internationalized
415 domain names. This is a run time dependency. If this capability
416 is needed, the instructions for installing libidn2 are in the
417 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libidn2.html">BLFS libidn2 page</ulink>.
418 </para></note>
419
420 </sect2>
421
422 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
423 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
424
425 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
426 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428
429 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
430 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432
433 <sect3>
434 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
435
436 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
437 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
438 </para>
439
440 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
441 following:</para>
442
443<screen revision='sysv'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
444<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
445
446passwd: files
447group: files
448shadow: files
449
450hosts: files dns
451networks: files
452
453protocols: files
454services: files
455ethers: files
456rpc: files
457
458# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
459EOF</userinput></screen>
460
461<screen revision='systemd'><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
462<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
463
464passwd: files systemd
465group: files systemd
466shadow: files systemd
467
468hosts: mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] files myhostname dns
469networks: files
470
471protocols: files
472services: files
473ethers: files
474rpc: files
475
476# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
477EOF</userinput></screen>
478
479 </sect3>
480
481 <sect3>
482 <title>Adding Time Zone Data</title>
483
484 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
485<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
486
487ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
488mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
489
490for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
491 asia australasia backward; do
492 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO ${tz}
493 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
494 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
495done
496
497cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
498zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
499unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
500
501 <variablelist>
502 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
503
504 <varlistentry>
505 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is
508 conventional to put these in both
509 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
510 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
511 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
512 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
513 test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
514 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
515 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
516 directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some
517 failures.</para>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520 <varlistentry>
521 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
524 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
525 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
526 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
527 directory.</para>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530 <varlistentry>
531 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
534 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
535 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538 </variablelist>
539
540
541 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
542 script:</para>
543
544<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
545
546 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
547 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
548 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
549 time zones listed in <filename
550 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
551 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
552 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
553
554 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
555 running:</para>
556
557<screen><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
558
559 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
560 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
561
562 </sect3>
563
564 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
565 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
566
567 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
568 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570
571 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
572 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
573 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries
574 that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are
575 libraries in directories other than
576 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
577 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
578 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
579 to contain additional libraries are <filename
580 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
581 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
582 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
583
584 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
585 following:</para>
586
587<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
588<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
589/usr/local/lib
590/opt/lib
591</literal>
592EOF</userinput></screen>
593
594 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
595 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
596 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
597 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
598
599<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
600<literal># Add an include directory
601include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
602</literal>
603EOF
604mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
605
606 </sect3>
607 </sect2>
608
609 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
610 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
611
612 <segmentedlist>
613 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
614 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
615 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
616
617 <seglistitem>
618 <seg>gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
619 ldd, lddlibc4,
620 ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2),
621 locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace,
622 pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
623 zdump, and zic</seg>
624 <seg>ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2,
625 libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so},
626 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so,
627 libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so},
628 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1,
629 libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so,
630 libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0},
631 libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1},
632 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}</seg>
633 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
634 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
635 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
636 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
637 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
638 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc,
639 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
640 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
641 and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
642 </seglistitem>
643 </segmentedlist>
644
645 <variablelist>
646 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
647 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
648 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
649
650 <varlistentry id="gencat">
651 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
652 <listitem>
653 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
655 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="getconf">
661 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
664 specific variables</para>
665 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
666 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
667 </indexterm>
668 </listitem>
669 </varlistentry>
670
671 <varlistentry id="getent">
672 <term><command>getent</command></term>
673 <listitem>
674 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
675 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
676 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
677 </indexterm>
678 </listitem>
679 </varlistentry>
680
681 <varlistentry id="iconv">
682 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
683 <listitem>
684 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
686 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
691 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
692 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
695 files</para>
696 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
697 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
698 </indexterm>
699 </listitem>
700 </varlistentry>
701
702 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
703 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
704 <listitem>
705 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
707 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="ldd">
713 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
716 by each given program or shared library</para>
717 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
718 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
719 </indexterm>
720 </listitem>
721 </varlistentry>
722
723 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
724 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
725 <listitem>
726 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files.
727 It does not exist on newer architectures like x86_64</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
729 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="locale">
735 <term><command>locale</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
739 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="localedef">
745 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
748 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
749 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
750 </indexterm>
751 </listitem>
752 </varlistentry>
753
754 <varlistentry id="makedb">
755 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
756 <listitem>
757 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
759 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
765 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
768 in human-readable format</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
770 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
776 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Dump information generated by PC profiling</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
780 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="pldd">
786 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
790 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="sln">
796 <term><command>sln</command></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
800 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
805 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
806 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
810 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="sprof">
816 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
819 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
820 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
821 </indexterm>
822 </listitem>
823 </varlistentry>
824
825 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
826 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
827 <listitem>
828 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
829 the corresponding time zone description</para>
830 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
831 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
832 </indexterm>
833 </listitem>
834 </varlistentry>
835
836 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
837 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
838 <listitem>
839 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
840 executed function</para>
841 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
842 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
843 </indexterm>
844 </listitem>
845 </varlistentry>
846
847 <varlistentry id="zdump">
848 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
849 <listitem>
850 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
851 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
852 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
853 </indexterm>
854 </listitem>
855 </varlistentry>
856
857 <varlistentry id="zic">
858 <term><command>zic</command></term>
859 <listitem>
860 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
862 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
868 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-*.so</filename></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
872 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
873 </indexterm>
874 </listitem>
875 </varlistentry>
876
877 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
878 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
879 <listitem>
880 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
881 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
882 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
883 for more information</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
885 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="libanl">
891 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
894 asynchronous name lookup library, whose functions are now in
895 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename></para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
897 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="libc">
903 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>The main C library</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
907 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="libc_malloc_debug">
913 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc_malloc_debug</filename></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when preloaded</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc_malloc_debug">
917 <primary sortas="c-libc_malloc_debug">libc_malloc_debug</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
922 <varlistentry id="libdl">
923 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was the
926 dynamic linking interface library, whose functions are now in
927 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
929 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="libg">
935 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
938 library for <command>g++</command></para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
940 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 <varlistentry id="libm">
946 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
947 <listitem>
948 <para>The mathematical library</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
950 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="libmvec">
956 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmvec</filename></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>The vector math library, linked in as needed
959 when <filename class='libraryfile'>libm</filename> is used</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmvec">
961 <primary sortas="c-libmvec">libmvec</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
967 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
971 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
977 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
980 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
982 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
988 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>The network services library, now deprecated</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
992 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="libnss">
998 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss_*</filename></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>The Name Service Switch modules, containing functions for
1001 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
1002 protocols, etc. Loaded by
1003 <filename class='libraryfile'>libc</filename> according to the
1004 configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
1006 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss_*</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
1012 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Can be preloaded to PC profile an executable</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
1016 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
1022 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
1025 functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1026 by the POSIX.1c Threads Extensions and the semaphore interfaces
1027 specified by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions, now the functions
1028 are in <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
1030 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
1036 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
1039 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
1040 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
1041 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
1042 </indexterm>
1043 </listitem>
1044 </varlistentry>
1045
1046 <varlistentry id="librt">
1047 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
1048 <listitem>
1049 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
1050 by the POSIX.1b Real-time Extensions</para>
1051 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
1052 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
1053 </indexterm>
1054 </listitem>
1055 </varlistentry>
1056
1057 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
1058 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
1059 <listitem>
1060 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
1061 multi-threaded programs</para>
1062 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
1063 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
1064 </indexterm>
1065 </listitem>
1066 </varlistentry>
1067
1068 <varlistentry id="libutil">
1069 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
1070 <listitem>
1071 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously contained
1072 code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
1073 many different Unix utilities. These functions are now in
1074 <filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
1076 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 </variablelist>
1082
1083 </sect2>
1084
1085</sect1>
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