[519ee45] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-bootable-grub">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Making the LFS System Bootable</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="a-Grub">GRUB</primary>
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| 15 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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| 16 | </indexterm>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <para>Your shiny new LFS system is almost complete. One of the last
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| 19 | things to do is to ensure that the system can be properly booted. The
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| 20 | instructions below apply only to computers of IA-32 architecture,
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| 21 | meaning mainstream PCs. Information on <quote>boot loading</quote> for
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| 22 | other architectures should be available in the usual resource-specific
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| 23 | locations for those architectures.</para>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <para>Boot loading can be a complex area, so a few cautionary
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| 26 | words are in order. Be familiar with the current boot loader and any other
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| 27 | operating systems present on the hard drive(s) that need to be
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| 28 | bootable. Make sure that an emergency boot disk is ready to
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| 29 | <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes
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| 30 | unusable (un-bootable).</para>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para>Earlier, we compiled and installed the GRUB boot loader software
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| 33 | in preparation for this step. The procedure involves writing some
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| 34 | special GRUB files to specific locations on the hard drive. We highly
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| 35 | recommend creating a GRUB boot floppy diskette as a backup. Insert a
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| 36 | blank floppy diskette and run the following commands:</para>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <screen><userinput>dd if=/boot/grub/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
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| 39 | dd if=/boot/grub/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1</userinput></screen>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para>Remove the diskette and store it somewhere safe. Now, run the
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| 42 | <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | <screen><userinput>grub</userinput></screen>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <para>GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in
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| 47 | the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis>
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| 48 | is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
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| 49 | number, both starting from zero. For example, partition <filename
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| 50 | class="partition">hda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,0)</emphasis> to
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| 51 | GRUB and <filename class="partition">hdb3</filename> is
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| 52 | <emphasis>(hd1,2)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not
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| 53 | consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD
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| 54 | on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive
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| 55 | on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive
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| 56 | would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | <para>Using the above information, determine the appropriate
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| 59 | designator for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate
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| 60 | one is used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root
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| 61 | (or separate boot) partition is <filename
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| 62 | class="partition">hda4</filename>.</para>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <para>Tell GRUB where to search for its
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| 65 | <filename>stage{1,2}</filename> files. The Tab key can be used
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| 66 | everywhere to make GRUB show the alternatives:</para>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <screen><userinput>root (hd0,3)</userinput></screen>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <warning>
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| 71 | <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not
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| 72 | run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party
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| 73 | boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR). In this scenario, it
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| 74 | would make more sense to install GRUB into the <quote>boot sector</quote>
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| 75 | of the LFS partition. In this case, this next command would become
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| 76 | <userinput>setup (hd0,3)</userinput>.</para>
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| 77 | </warning>
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| 78 |
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| 79 | <para>Tell GRUB to install itself into the MBR of
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| 80 | <filename class="partition">hda</filename>:</para>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <screen><userinput>setup (hd0)</userinput></screen>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | <para>If all went well, GRUB will have reported finding its files in
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| 85 | <filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>. That's all there is
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| 86 | to it. Quit the <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <screen><userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <para>Create a <quote>menu list</quote> file defining GRUB's boot menu:</para>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <screen><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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| 93 | <literal># Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst
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| 94 |
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| 95 | # By default boot the first menu entry.
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| 96 | default 0
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| 97 |
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| 98 | # Allow 30 seconds before booting the default.
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| 99 | timeout 30
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| 100 |
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| 101 | # Use prettier colors.
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| 102 | color green/black light-green/black
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| 103 |
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| 104 | # The first entry is for LFS.
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| 105 | title LFS &version;
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| 106 | root (hd0,3)
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| 107 | kernel /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version; root=/dev/hda4</literal>
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| 108 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para>Add an entry for the host distribution if desired. It might look
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| 111 | like this:</para>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <screen><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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| 114 | <literal>title Red Hat
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| 115 | root (hd0,2)
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| 116 | kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.5 root=/dev/hda3
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| 117 | initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.5</literal>
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| 118 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para>If dual-booting Windows, the following entry will allow
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| 121 | booting it:</para>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <screen><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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| 124 | <literal>title Windows
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| 125 | rootnoverify (hd0,0)
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| 126 | chainloader +1</literal>
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| 127 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <para>If <command>info grub</command> does not provide all necessary material,
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| 130 | additional information regarding GRUB is located on its website at:
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| 131 | <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/>.</para>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | <para>The FHS stipulates that GRUB's <filename>menu.lst</filename> file should
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| 134 | be symlinked to <filename class="symlink">/etc/grub/menu.lst</filename>. To
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| 135 | satisfy this requirement, issue the following command:</para>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -v /etc/grub &&
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| 138 | ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | </sect1>
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