[673b0d8] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[673b0d8] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[b78c747] | 7 |
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[4e82d47] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-bootable-grub" role="wrap">
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[b78c747] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="grub.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[4e82d47] | 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>grub</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&grub-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&grub-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <title>GRUB-&grub-version;</title>
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[b78c747] | 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Grub">GRUB</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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[4e82d47] | 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The GRUB package contains the GRand Unified Bootloader.</para>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <segmentedlist>
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| 29 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <seglistitem>
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| 33 | <seg>&grub-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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| 34 | <seg>&grub-ch6-du;</seg>
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| 35 | </seglistitem>
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| 36 | </segmentedlist>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | </sect2>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 41 | <title>Installation of GRUB</title>
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| 42 |
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[699b0f2] | 43 | <para>Your shiny new LFS system is almost complete. One of the last
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| 44 | things to do is to ensure that the system can be properly booted.</para>
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| 45 |
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[4e82d47] | 46 | <caution>
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| 47 | <para>This package will only build for x86 and x86_64 architectures
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| 48 | containing 32-bit libs. If you chose to build on x86_64 without 32-bit
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[699b0f2] | 49 | libraries (no multilib), then you must use LILO instead. Information on
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| 50 | <quote>boot loading</quote> for other architectures should be available in
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| 51 | the usual resource-specific locations for those architectures.</para>
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[4e82d47] | 52 | </caution>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <para>This package is known to have issues when its default
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| 55 | optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and
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| 56 | <parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options) are changed. If any environment
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| 57 | variables that override default optimizations have been defined, such
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| 58 | as <envar>CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar>,
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| 59 | unset them when building GRUB.</para>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <para>Start by applying the following patch to allow for better drive
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| 62 | detection, fix some GCC 4.x issues, and provide better SATA support
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| 63 | for some disk controllers:</para>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&grub-geometry-patch;</userinput></screen>
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| 66 |
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| 67 | <para>By default, GRUB doesn't support ext2 filesystems with 256-byte inodes.
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| 68 | Fix this by applying the following patch:</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&grub-inode-patch;</userinput></screen>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <para>Prepare GRUB for compilation:</para>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
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| 75 |
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| 76 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <para>To test the results, issue:</para>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 85 |
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| 86 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install
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| 87 | mkdir -v /boot/grub
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| 88 | cp -v /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub</userinput></screen>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <para>Replace <filename class="directory">i386-pc</filename> with whatever
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| 91 | directory is appropriate for the hardware in use.</para>
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| 92 |
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| 93 | <para>The <filename class="directory">i386-pc</filename> directory
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| 94 | contains a number of <filename>*stage1_5</filename> files, different
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| 95 | ones for different file systems. Review the files available and copy
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| 96 | the appropriate ones to the <filename
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| 97 | class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> directory. Most users will
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| 98 | copy the <filename>e2fs_stage1_5</filename> and/or
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| 99 | <filename>reiserfs_stage1_5</filename> files.</para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | </sect2>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 104 | <title>Configuring GRUB</title>
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| 105 |
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| 106 |
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| 107 | <para>Boot loading can be a complex area, so a few cautionary
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| 108 | words are in order. Be familiar with the current boot loader and any other
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| 109 | operating systems present on the hard drive(s) that need to be
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| 110 | bootable. Make sure that an emergency boot disk is ready to
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| 111 | <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes
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| 112 | unusable (un-bootable).</para>
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| 113 |
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[699b0f2] | 114 | <para>The procedure involves writing some special GRUB files to specific
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| 115 | locations on the hard drive. We highly recommend creating a GRUB boot floppy
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| 116 | diskette as a backup. Insert a blank floppy diskette and run the following
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| 117 | commands:</para>
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[e3a72b1] | 118 |
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| 119 | <screen><userinput>dd if=/boot/grub/stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
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| 120 | dd if=/boot/grub/stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1</userinput></screen>
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| 121 |
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[4e82d47] | 122 | <para>Remove the diskette and store it somewhere safe. Now, run the
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| 123 | <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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[1561534] | 124 |
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[21ba4e3] | 125 | <screen><userinput>grub</userinput></screen>
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[1561534] | 126 |
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[4e82d47] | 127 | <para>GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in
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| 128 | the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis>
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| 129 | is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition
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| 130 | number, both starting from zero. For example, partition <filename
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| 131 | class="partition">hda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,0)</emphasis> to
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| 132 | GRUB and <filename class="partition">hdb3</filename> is
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| 133 | <emphasis>(hd1,2)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not
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| 134 | consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD
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| 135 | on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive
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| 136 | on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive
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| 137 | would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.</para>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | <para>Using the above information, determine the appropriate
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| 140 | designator for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate
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| 141 | one is used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root
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| 142 | (or separate boot) partition is <filename
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| 143 | class="partition">hda4</filename>.</para>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <para>Tell GRUB where to search for its
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| 146 | <filename>stage{1,2}</filename> files. The Tab key can be used
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| 147 | everywhere to make GRUB show the alternatives:</para>
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[1561534] | 148 |
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[21ba4e3] | 149 | <screen><userinput>root (hd0,3)</userinput></screen>
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[1561534] | 150 |
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[4e82d47] | 151 | <warning>
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| 152 | <para>The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not
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| 153 | run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party
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| 154 | boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR). In this scenario, it
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| 155 | would make more sense to install GRUB into the <quote>boot sector</quote>
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| 156 | of the LFS partition. In this case, this next command would become
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| 157 | <userinput>setup (hd0,3)</userinput>.</para>
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| 158 | </warning>
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[81fd230] | 159 |
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[4e82d47] | 160 | <para>Tell GRUB to install itself into the MBR of
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| 161 | <filename class="partition">hda</filename>:</para>
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[1561534] | 162 |
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[21ba4e3] | 163 | <screen><userinput>setup (hd0)</userinput></screen>
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[54ff0b9] | 164 |
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[4e82d47] | 165 | <para>If all went well, GRUB will have reported finding its files in
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| 166 | <filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>. That's all there is
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| 167 | to it. Quit the <command>grub</command> shell:</para>
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[54ff0b9] | 168 |
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[21ba4e3] | 169 | <screen><userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
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[54ff0b9] | 170 |
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[4e82d47] | 171 | <para>Create a <quote>menu list</quote> file defining GRUB's boot menu:</para>
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[54ff0b9] | 172 |
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[0719866] | 173 | <screen><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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[d72e04a] | 174 | <literal># Begin /boot/grub/menu.lst
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[1561534] | 175 |
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[54ff0b9] | 176 | # By default boot the first menu entry.
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[1561534] | 177 | default 0
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| 178 |
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[54ff0b9] | 179 | # Allow 30 seconds before booting the default.
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[1561534] | 180 | timeout 30
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| 181 |
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[54ff0b9] | 182 | # Use prettier colors.
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[1561534] | 183 | color green/black light-green/black
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| 184 |
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[54ff0b9] | 185 | # The first entry is for LFS.
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[52216a8] | 186 | title LFS &version;
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[bc362d4] | 187 | root (hd0,3)
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[d72e04a] | 188 | kernel /boot/lfskernel-&linux-version; root=/dev/hda4</literal>
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[0719866] | 189 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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[1561534] | 190 |
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[4e82d47] | 191 | <para>Add an entry for the host distribution if desired. It might look
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| 192 | like this:</para>
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[1561534] | 193 |
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[0719866] | 194 | <screen><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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[d72e04a] | 195 | <literal>title Red Hat
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[bc362d4] | 196 | root (hd0,2)
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[840a52d] | 197 | kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.5 root=/dev/hda3
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| 198 | initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.5</literal>
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[0719866] | 199 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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[1561534] | 200 |
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[4e82d47] | 201 | <para>If dual-booting Windows, the following entry will allow
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| 202 | booting it:</para>
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[1561534] | 203 |
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[0719866] | 204 | <screen><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << "EOF"
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[d72e04a] | 205 | <literal>title Windows
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[bc362d4] | 206 | rootnoverify (hd0,0)
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[d72e04a] | 207 | chainloader +1</literal>
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[0719866] | 208 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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[1561534] | 209 |
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[4e82d47] | 210 | <para>If <command>info grub</command> does not provide all necessary material,
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| 211 | additional information regarding GRUB is located on its website at:
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| 212 | <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/>.</para>
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[81fd230] | 213 |
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[4e82d47] | 214 | <para>The FHS stipulates that GRUB's <filename>menu.lst</filename> file should
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| 215 | be symlinked to <filename class="symlink">/etc/grub/menu.lst</filename>. To
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| 216 | satisfy this requirement, issue the following command:</para>
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[205af12] | 217 |
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[ad83f72] | 218 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -v /etc/grub
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[5998892] | 219 | ln -sv /boot/grub/menu.lst /etc/grub</userinput></screen>
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[205af12] | 220 |
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[4e82d47] | 221 | </sect2>
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| 222 |
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| 223 | <sect2 id="contents-gRUB" role="content">
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| 224 | <title>Contents of GRUB</title>
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| 225 |
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| 226 | <segmentedlist>
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| 227 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 228 |
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| 229 | <seglistitem>
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| 230 | <seg>grub, grub-install, grub-md5-crypt, grub-set-default,
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| 231 | grub-terminfo, and mbchk</seg>
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| 232 | </seglistitem>
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| 233 | </segmentedlist>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <variablelist>
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| 236 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 237 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 238 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <varlistentry id="grub">
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| 241 | <term><command>grub</command></term>
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| 242 | <listitem>
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| 243 | <para>The Grand Unified Bootloader's command shell</para>
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| 244 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub grub">
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| 245 | <primary sortas="b-grub">grub</primary>
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| 246 | </indexterm>
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| 247 | </listitem>
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| 248 | </varlistentry>
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| 249 |
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| 250 | <varlistentry id="grub-install">
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| 251 | <term><command>grub-install</command></term>
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| 252 | <listitem>
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| 253 | <para>Installs GRUB on the given device</para>
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| 254 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub grub-install">
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| 255 | <primary sortas="b-grub-install">grub-install</primary>
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| 256 | </indexterm>
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| 257 | </listitem>
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| 258 | </varlistentry>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <varlistentry id="grub-md5-crypt">
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| 261 | <term><command>grub-md5-crypt</command></term>
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| 262 | <listitem>
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| 263 | <para>Encrypts a password in MD5 format</para>
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| 264 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub grub-md5-crypt">
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| 265 | <primary sortas="b-grub-md5-crypt">grub-md5-crypt</primary>
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| 266 | </indexterm>
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| 267 | </listitem>
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| 268 | </varlistentry>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <varlistentry id="grub-set-default">
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| 271 | <term><command>grub-set-default</command></term>
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| 272 | <listitem>
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| 273 | <para>Sets the default boot entry for GRUB</para>
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| 274 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub grub-set-default">
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| 275 | <primary sortas="b-grub-set-default">grub-set-default</primary>
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| 276 | </indexterm>
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| 277 | </listitem>
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| 278 | </varlistentry>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <varlistentry id="grub-terminfo">
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| 281 | <term><command>grub-terminfo</command></term>
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| 282 | <listitem>
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| 283 | <para>Generates a terminfo command from a terminfo name; it can be
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| 284 | employed if an unknown terminal is being used</para>
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| 285 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub grub-terminfo">
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| 286 | <primary sortas="b-grub-terminfo">grub-terminfo</primary>
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| 287 | </indexterm>
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| 288 | </listitem>
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| 289 | </varlistentry>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <varlistentry id="mbchk">
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| 292 | <term><command>mbchk</command></term>
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| 293 | <listitem>
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| 294 | <para>Checks the format of a multi-boot kernel</para>
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| 295 | <indexterm zone="ch-bootable-grub mbchk">
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| 296 | <primary sortas="b-mbchk">mbchk</primary>
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| 297 | </indexterm>
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| 298 | </listitem>
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| 299 | </varlistentry>
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| 300 |
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| 301 | </variablelist>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | </sect2>
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| 304 |
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[955533b] | 305 | </sect1>
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