| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-Python" role="wrap">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="Python.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>Python</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&python-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&python-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <title>Python-&python-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Python">Python</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The Python 3 package contains the Python development environment. It
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| 27 | is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts, prototyping
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| 28 | large programs, and developing entire applications. Python is an interpreted
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| 29 | computer language.</para>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <segmentedlist>
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| 32 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 33 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <seglistitem>
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| 36 | <seg>&python-fin-sbu;</seg>
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| 37 | <seg>&python-fin-du;</seg>
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| 38 | </seglistitem>
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| 39 | </segmentedlist>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | </sect2>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 44 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <para>Prepare Python for compilation:</para>
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| 47 |
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| 48 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 49 | --enable-shared \
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| 50 | --with-system-expat \
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| 51 | --with-system-ffi \
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| 52 | --enable-optimizations</userinput></screen>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <variablelist>
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| 55 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | <varlistentry>
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| 58 | <term><parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter></term>
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| 59 | <listitem>
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| 60 | <para>This switch enables linking against the system version of
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| 61 | <application>Expat</application>.</para>
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| 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | </varlistentry>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <varlistentry>
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| 66 | <term><parameter>--with-system-ffi</parameter></term>
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| 67 | <listitem>
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| 68 | <para>This switch enables linking against the system version of
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| 69 | <filename class='libraryfile'>libffi.so</filename>.</para>
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| 70 | </listitem>
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| 71 | </varlistentry>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <varlistentry>
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| 74 | <term><parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter></term>
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| 75 | <listitem>
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| 76 | <para>This switch enables extensive, but time-consuming, optimization
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| 77 | steps. The interpreter is built twice; tests performed on the first
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| 78 | build are used to improve the optimized final version.</para>
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| 79 | <!-- This description was drawn from the README.rst file
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| 80 | in the Python-3.11.0 package. -->
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| 81 | </listitem>
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| 82 | </varlistentry>
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| 83 |
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| 84 | </variablelist>
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| 85 |
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| 86 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <para>Running the tests at this point is not recommended. The
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| 91 | tests are known to hang indefinitely in the partial LFS environment.
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| 92 | If desired, the tests can be rerun at the end of this chapter, or
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| 93 | when Python 3 is reinstalled in BLFS. To run the tests anyway,
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| 94 | issue <command>make test</command>.</para>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <para>We use the <command>pip3</command> command to
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| 101 | install Python 3 programs and modules for all users as
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| 102 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> in several places in this book.
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| 103 | This conflicts with the Python developers' recommendation: to install packages into a
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| 104 | virtual environment, or into the home directory of a regular user (by running
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| 105 | <command>pip3</command> as this user). A multi-line warning
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| 106 | is triggered whenever <command>pip3</command> is issued by the
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| 107 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user.</para>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <para>The main reason
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| 110 | for the recommendation is to avoid conflicts with the system's
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| 111 | package manager (<command>dpkg</command>, for example). LFS does not
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| 112 | have a system-wide package manager, so this is not a problem. Also,
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| 113 | <command>pip3</command> will check for a new version of
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| 114 | itself whenever it's run. Since domain name resolution is not yet configured
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| 115 | in the LFS chroot environment, <command>pip3</command> cannot check
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| 116 | for a new version of itself, and will
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| 117 | produce a warning. </para>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | <para>After we boot the LFS system and set up a network connection,
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| 120 | a different warning will be issued, telling the user to update <command>pip3</command>
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| 121 | from a pre-built wheel on PyPI (whenever a new version is available). But LFS
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| 122 | considers <command>pip3</command> to be a part of Python 3, so it should not be
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| 123 | updated separately. Also, an update from a pre-built wheel would deviate
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| 124 | from our objective: to build a Linux system from source code. So the
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| 125 | warning about a new version of <command>pip3</command> should be ignored as
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| 126 | well. If you wish, you can suppress all these warnings by running the following
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| 127 | command, which creates a configuration file:</para>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <screen><userinput remap="install">cat > /etc/pip.conf << EOF
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| 130 | <literal>[global]
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| 131 | root-user-action = ignore
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| 132 | disable-pip-version-check = true</literal>
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| 133 | EOF
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| 134 | </userinput></screen>
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| 135 | <!--
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| 136 | <screen><userinput remap="install">sed -e '/def warn_if_run_as_root/a\ return' \
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| 137 | -i /usr/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
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| 138 | </userinput></screen>
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| 139 | -->
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| 140 | <important>
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| 141 | <para>
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| 142 | In LFS and BLFS we normally build and install Python modules with the
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| 143 | <command>pip3</command> command. Please be sure that the
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| 144 | <command>pip3 install</command> commands in both books are
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| 145 | run as the &root; user (unless it's for a Python virtual environment).
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| 146 | Running <command>pip3 install</command> as a non-&root; user may seem
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| 147 | to work, but it will cause the installed module to be inaccessible
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| 148 | by other users.
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| 149 | </para>
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <para>
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| 152 | <command>pip3 install</command> will not reinstall an already installed
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| 153 | module automatically. When using the <command>pip3 install</command>
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| 154 | command to upgrade a module (for example, from meson-0.61.3 to
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| 155 | meson-0.62.0), insert the option <parameter>--upgrade</parameter> into
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| 156 | the command line. If it's really necessary to downgrade a module, or
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| 157 | reinstall the same version for some reason, insert
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| 158 | <parameter>--force-reinstall --no-deps</parameter> into the command
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| 159 | line.
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| 160 | </para>
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| 161 | </important>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <para>If desired, install the preformatted documentation:</para>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <screen><userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;/html
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| 166 |
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| 167 | tar --strip-components=1 \
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| 168 | --no-same-owner \
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| 169 | --no-same-permissions \
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| 170 | -C /usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;/html \
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| 171 | -xvf ../python-&python-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <variablelist>
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| 174 | <title>The meaning of the documentation install commands:</title>
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| 175 |
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| 176 | <varlistentry>
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| 177 | <term><option>--no-same-owner</option> and <option>--no-same-permissions</option></term>
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| 178 | <listitem>
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| 179 | <para>Ensure the installed files have the correct ownership and
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| 180 | permissions. Without these options, <application>tar</application>
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| 181 | will install the package files with the upstream creator's values.
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| 182 | </para>
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| 183 | </listitem>
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| 184 | </varlistentry>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | </variablelist>
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| 187 |
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| 188 | </sect2>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <sect2 id="contents-python" role="content">
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| 191 | <title>Contents of Python 3</title>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | <segmentedlist>
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| 194 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 195 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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| 196 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <seglistitem>
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| 199 | <seg>
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| 200 | 2to3, idle3, pip3, pydoc3, python3, and python3-config
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| 201 | </seg>
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| 202 | <seg>
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| 203 | libpython&python-minor;.so and libpython3.so
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| 204 | </seg>
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| 205 | <seg>
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| 206 | /usr/include/python&python-minor;,
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| 207 | /usr/lib/python3, and
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| 208 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python-version;
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| 209 | </seg>
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| 210 | </seglistitem>
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| 211 | </segmentedlist>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <variablelist>
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| 214 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 215 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 216 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <varlistentry id="python-2to3">
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| 219 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
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| 220 | <listitem>
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| 221 | <para>
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| 222 | is a <application>Python</application> program that reads
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| 223 | <application>Python 2.x</application> source code and applies a
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| 224 | series of fixes to transform it into
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| 225 | valid <application>Python 3.x</application> code
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| 226 | </para>
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| 227 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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| 228 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
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| 229 | </indexterm>
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| 230 | </listitem>
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| 231 | </varlistentry>
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| 232 |
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| 233 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
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| 234 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
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| 235 | <listitem>
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| 236 | <para>
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| 237 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
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| 238 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
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| 239 | <application>Tk</application> before Python, so that the Tkinter
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| 240 | Python module is built.
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| 241 | </para>
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| 242 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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| 243 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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| 244 | </indexterm>
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| 245 | </listitem>
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| 246 | </varlistentry>
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| 247 |
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| 248 | <varlistentry id="pip3">
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| 249 | <term><command>pip3</command></term>
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| 250 | <listitem>
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| 251 | <para>
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| 252 | The package installer for Python. You can use pip to install
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| 253 | packages from Python Package Index and other indexes.
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| 254 | </para>
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| 255 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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| 256 | <primary sortas="b-pip3">pip3</primary>
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| 257 | </indexterm>
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| 258 | </listitem>
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| 259 | </varlistentry>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
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| 262 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
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| 263 | <listitem>
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| 264 | <para>
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| 265 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation tool
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| 266 | </para>
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| 267 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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| 268 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydoc3</primary>
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| 269 | </indexterm>
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| 270 | </listitem>
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| 271 | </varlistentry>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | <varlistentry id="python3">
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| 274 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
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| 275 | <listitem>
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| 276 | <para>
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| 277 | is the interpreter for Python, an interpreted, interactive,
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| 278 | object-oriented programming language
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| 279 | </para>
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| 280 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-Python">
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| 281 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
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| 282 | </indexterm>
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| 283 | </listitem>
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| 284 | </varlistentry>
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| 285 |
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| 286 | </variablelist>
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| 287 |
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| 288 | </sect2>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | </sect1>
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| 291 |
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