1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>shadow</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&shadow-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&shadow-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure
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27 | way.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <segmentedlist>
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30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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32 |
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33 | <seglistitem>
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34 | <seg>&shadow-fin-sbu;</seg>
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35 | <seg>&shadow-fin-du;</seg>
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36 | </seglistitem>
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37 | </segmentedlist>
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38 |
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39 | </sect2>
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40 |
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41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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42 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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43 |
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44 | <important>
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45 | <para>
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46 | If you've installed Linux-PAM, you should follow
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47 | <ulink url='&blfs-book;postlfs/shadow.xml'>the BLFS shadow
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48 | page</ulink> instead of this page to build (or, rebuild or upgrade)
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49 | shadow.
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50 | </para>
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51 | </important>
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52 |
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53 | <note>
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54 | <para>If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to
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55 | <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html"/> for installing
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56 | CrackLib prior to building Shadow. Then add
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57 | <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the <command>configure</command>
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58 | command below.</para>
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59 | </note>
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60 |
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61 | <para>Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program
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62 | and its man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also,
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63 | prevent the installation of manual pages that were already installed in
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64 | <xref linkend="ch-system-man-pages"/>:</para>
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65 |
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66 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
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67 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
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68 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \;
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69 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /' {} \;</userinput></screen>
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70 |
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71 | <para id="shadow-login_defs">Instead of using the default
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72 | <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the much more secure
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73 | <emphasis>YESCRYPT</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also
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74 | allows passwords longer than 8 characters.
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75 | It is also necessary to change
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76 | the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location
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77 | for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename
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78 | class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. And,
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79 | remove <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and
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80 | <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> from the <envar>PATH</envar>,
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81 | since they are simply symlinks to their counterparts in
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82 | <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.</para>
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83 |
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84 | <note>
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85 | <para>If you wish to include <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>
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86 | and/or <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> in the <envar>PATH</envar>
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87 | for some reason, modify the
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88 | <envar>PATH</envar> in <filename>.bashrc</filename> after LFS has been
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89 | built.</para>
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90 | </note>
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91 |
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92 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT:' \
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93 | -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \
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94 | -e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}' \
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95 | -i etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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96 |
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97 | <note>
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98 | <para>If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, issue this command:</para>
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99 |
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100 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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101 | </note>
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102 | <!--
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103 | <para>Make a minor change to make the first group number generated
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104 | by useradd 1000:</para>
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105 |
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106 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput></screen>
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107 | -->
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108 | <!--
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109 | <para>Fix a simple programming error by modifying a file with following command:</para>
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110 |
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111 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e "224s/rounds/min_rounds/" -i libmisc/salt.c</userinput></screen>
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112 | -->
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113 | <para>Prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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114 |
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115 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
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116 | ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
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117 | --disable-static \
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118 | --with-{b,yes}crypt \
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119 | --without-libbsd \
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120 | --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput></screen>
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121 |
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122 | <variablelist>
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123 | <title>The meaning of the new configuration options:</title>
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124 |
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125 | <varlistentry>
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126 | <term><command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command></term>
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127 | <listitem>
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128 | <para>The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs
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129 | to exist because its location is hardcoded in some programs;
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130 | if it does not already exist, the installation script will
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131 | create it in the wrong place.</para>
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132 | </listitem>
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133 | </varlistentry>
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134 |
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135 | <varlistentry>
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136 | <term><parameter>--with-{b,yes}crypt</parameter></term>
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137 | <listitem>
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138 | <para>The shell expands this to two switches,
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139 | <parameter>--with-bcrypt</parameter> and
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140 | <parameter>--with-yescrypt</parameter>. They allow shadow to use
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141 | the Bcrypt and Yescrypt algorithms implemented by
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142 | <application>Libxcrypt</application> for hashing passwords.
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143 | These algorithms are more secure (in particular, much more
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144 | resistant to GPU-based attacks) than the traditional SHA
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145 | algorithms.</para>
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146 | </listitem>
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147 | </varlistentry>
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148 |
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149 | <varlistentry>
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150 | <term><parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter></term>
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151 | <listitem>
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152 | <para>The longest permissible user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum
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153 | length of a group name the same.</para>
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154 | </listitem>
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155 | </varlistentry>
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156 |
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157 | <varlistentry>
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158 | <term><parameter>--without-libbsd</parameter></term>
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159 | <listitem>
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160 | <para>Do not use the readpassphrase function from libbsd which
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161 | is not in LFS. Use the internal copy instead.</para>
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162 | </listitem>
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163 | </varlistentry>
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164 |
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165 | </variablelist>
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166 |
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167 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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168 |
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169 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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170 |
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171 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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172 |
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173 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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174 |
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175 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make exec_prefix=/usr install
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176 | make -C man install-man</userinput></screen>
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177 |
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178 | </sect2>
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179 |
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180 | <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration">
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181 | <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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182 |
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183 | <indexterm zone="conf-shadow">
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184 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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185 | <secondary>configuring</secondary>
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186 | </indexterm>
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187 |
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188 | <para>This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and
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189 | groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative
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190 | tasks. For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis>
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191 | means, see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked
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192 | source tree. If you use Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need
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193 | to verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.)
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194 | must be Shadow-compliant. That is, they must be able to work with
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195 | shadowed passwords.</para>
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196 |
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197 | <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
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198 |
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199 | <screen><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen>
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200 |
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201 | <para>To enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para>
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202 |
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203 | <screen><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen>
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204 |
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205 | <para>Shadow's default configuration for the <command>useradd</command>
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206 | utility needs some explanation. First, the default
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207 | action for the <command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and
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208 | a group with the same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and
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209 | group ID (GID) numbers will begin at 1000. This means if you don't pass
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210 | extra parameters to <command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a
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211 | unique group on the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need
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212 | to pass either the <parameter>-g</parameter> or <parameter>-N</parameter>
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213 | parameter to <command>useradd</command>, or else change the setting of
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214 | <parameter>USERGROUPS_ENAB</parameter> in
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215 | <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. See <ulink role='man'
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216 | url='&man;useradd.8'>useradd(8)</ulink> for more information.</para>
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217 |
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218 | <para>Second, to change the default parameters, the file
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219 | <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> must be created and tailored
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220 | to suit your particular needs. Create it with:</para>
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221 |
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222 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -p /etc/default
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223 | useradd -D --gid 999</userinput></screen>
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224 |
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225 | <variablelist>
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226 | <title><filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> parameter explanations</title>
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227 |
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228 | <varlistentry>
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229 | <term><parameter>GROUP=999</parameter></term>
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230 | <listitem>
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231 | <para>This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in
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232 | the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999
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233 | comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You
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234 | may set it to any desired value.
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235 |
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236 | Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID.
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237 | If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the
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238 | next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with
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239 | an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use
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240 | <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter>
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241 | parameter, an error message will be generated—<computeroutput>useradd:
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242 | unknown GID 999</computeroutput>,
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243 | even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we
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244 | created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem>
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245 | with this group ID in
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246 | <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/></para>
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247 |
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248 | </listitem>
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249 | </varlistentry>
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250 | <varlistentry>
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251 | <term><parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter></term>
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252 | <listitem>
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253 | <para>This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a
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254 | mailbox file for each new user. <command>useradd</command>
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255 | will assign the group ownership of this file to the
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256 | <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660
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257 | permissions. If you would rather not create these files,
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258 | issue the following command:</para>
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259 |
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260 | <screen><userinput>sed -i '/MAIL/s/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput></screen>
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261 | </listitem>
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262 | </varlistentry>
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263 |
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264 | </variablelist>
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265 |
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266 | </sect2>
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267 |
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268 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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269 | <title>Setting the Root Password</title>
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270 |
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271 | <para>Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it
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272 | by running:</para>
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273 |
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274 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
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275 |
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276 | </sect2>
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277 |
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278 | <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content">
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279 | <title>Contents of Shadow</title>
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280 |
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281 | <segmentedlist>
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282 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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283 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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284 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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285 |
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286 | <seglistitem>
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287 | <seg>chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog,
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288 | getsubids, gpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck,
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289 | grpconv, grpunconv, login, logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp,
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290 | newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv,
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291 | sg (link to newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod,
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292 | vigr (link to vipw), and vipw</seg>
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293 | <seg>/etc/default and /usr/include/shadow</seg>
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294 | <seg>libsubid.so</seg>
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295 | </seglistitem>
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296 | </segmentedlist>
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297 |
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298 | <variablelist>
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299 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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300 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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301 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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302 |
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303 | <varlistentry id="chage">
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304 | <term><command>chage</command></term>
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305 | <listitem>
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306 | <para>Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory
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307 | password changes</para>
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308 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage">
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309 | <primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary>
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310 | </indexterm>
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311 | </listitem>
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312 | </varlistentry>
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313 |
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314 | <varlistentry id="chfn">
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315 | <term><command>chfn</command></term>
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316 | <listitem>
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317 | <para>Used to change a user's full name and other information</para>
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318 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn">
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319 | <primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary>
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320 | </indexterm>
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321 | </listitem>
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322 | </varlistentry>
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323 |
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324 | <varlistentry id="chgpasswd">
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325 | <term><command>chgpasswd</command></term>
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326 | <listitem>
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327 | <para>Used to update group passwords in batch mode</para>
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328 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chgpasswd">
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329 | <primary sortas="b-chgpasswd">chgpasswd</primary>
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330 | </indexterm>
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331 | </listitem>
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332 | </varlistentry>
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333 |
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334 | <varlistentry id="chpasswd">
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335 | <term><command>chpasswd</command></term>
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336 | <listitem>
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337 | <para>Used to update user passwords in batch mode</para>
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338 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd">
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339 | <primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary>
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340 | </indexterm>
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341 | </listitem>
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342 | </varlistentry>
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343 |
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344 | <varlistentry id="chsh">
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345 | <term><command>chsh</command></term>
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346 | <listitem>
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347 | <para>Used to change a user's default login shell</para>
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348 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh">
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349 | <primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary>
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350 | </indexterm>
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351 | </listitem>
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352 | </varlistentry>
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353 |
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354 | <varlistentry id="expiry">
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355 | <term><command>expiry</command></term>
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356 | <listitem>
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357 | <para>Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy</para>
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358 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry">
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359 | <primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary>
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360 | </indexterm>
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361 | </listitem>
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362 | </varlistentry>
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363 |
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364 | <varlistentry id="faillog">
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365 | <term><command>faillog</command></term>
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366 | <listitem>
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367 | <para>Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum
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368 | number of failures before an account is blocked, and to reset the
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369 | failure count</para>
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370 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog">
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371 | <primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary>
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372 | </indexterm>
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373 | </listitem>
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374 | </varlistentry>
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375 |
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376 | <varlistentry id="getsubids">
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377 | <term><command>getsubids</command></term>
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378 | <listitem>
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379 | <para>Is used to list the subordinate id ranges for a user</para>
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380 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow getsubids">
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381 | <primary sortas="b-getsubids">getsubids</primary>
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382 | </indexterm>
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383 | </listitem>
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384 | </varlistentry>
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385 |
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386 | <varlistentry id="gpasswd">
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387 | <term><command>gpasswd</command></term>
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388 | <listitem>
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389 | <para>Is used to add and delete members and administrators to
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390 | groups</para>
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391 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd">
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392 | <primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary>
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393 | </indexterm>
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394 | </listitem>
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395 | </varlistentry>
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396 |
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397 | <varlistentry id="groupadd">
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398 | <term><command>groupadd</command></term>
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399 | <listitem>
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400 | <para>Creates a group with the given name</para>
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401 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd">
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402 | <primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary>
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403 | </indexterm>
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404 | </listitem>
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405 | </varlistentry>
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406 |
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407 | <varlistentry id="groupdel">
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408 | <term><command>groupdel</command></term>
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409 | <listitem>
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410 | <para>Deletes the group with the given name</para>
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411 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel">
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412 | <primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary>
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413 | </indexterm>
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414 | </listitem>
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415 | </varlistentry>
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416 |
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417 | <varlistentry id="groupmems">
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418 | <term><command>groupmems</command></term>
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419 | <listitem>
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420 | <para>Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list
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421 | without the requirement of super user privileges.</para>
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422 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmems">
|
---|
423 | <primary sortas="b-groupmems">groupmems</primary>
|
---|
424 | </indexterm>
|
---|
425 | </listitem>
|
---|
426 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
427 |
|
---|
428 | <varlistentry id="groupmod">
|
---|
429 | <term><command>groupmod</command></term>
|
---|
430 | <listitem>
|
---|
431 | <para>Is used to modify the given group's name or GID</para>
|
---|
432 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod">
|
---|
433 | <primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary>
|
---|
434 | </indexterm>
|
---|
435 | </listitem>
|
---|
436 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
437 |
|
---|
438 | <varlistentry id="grpck">
|
---|
439 | <term><command>grpck</command></term>
|
---|
440 | <listitem>
|
---|
441 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the group files
|
---|
442 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
|
---|
443 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></para>
|
---|
444 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck">
|
---|
445 | <primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary>
|
---|
446 | </indexterm>
|
---|
447 | </listitem>
|
---|
448 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
449 |
|
---|
450 | <varlistentry id="grpconv">
|
---|
451 | <term><command>grpconv</command></term>
|
---|
452 | <listitem>
|
---|
453 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal
|
---|
454 | group file</para>
|
---|
455 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv">
|
---|
456 | <primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary>
|
---|
457 | </indexterm>
|
---|
458 | </listitem>
|
---|
459 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
460 |
|
---|
461 | <varlistentry id="grpunconv">
|
---|
462 | <term><command>grpunconv</command></term>
|
---|
463 | <listitem>
|
---|
464 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from
|
---|
465 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
---|
466 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv">
|
---|
467 | <primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary>
|
---|
468 | </indexterm>
|
---|
469 | </listitem>
|
---|
470 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
471 |
|
---|
472 | <varlistentry id="login">
|
---|
473 | <term><command>login</command></term>
|
---|
474 | <listitem>
|
---|
475 | <para>Is used by the system to let users sign on</para>
|
---|
476 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login">
|
---|
477 | <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary>
|
---|
478 | </indexterm>
|
---|
479 | </listitem>
|
---|
480 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | <varlistentry id="logoutd">
|
---|
483 | <term><command>logoutd</command></term>
|
---|
484 | <listitem>
|
---|
485 | <para>Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time
|
---|
486 | and ports</para>
|
---|
487 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd">
|
---|
488 | <primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary>
|
---|
489 | </indexterm>
|
---|
490 | </listitem>
|
---|
491 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
492 |
|
---|
493 | <varlistentry id="newgidmap">
|
---|
494 | <term><command>newgidmap</command></term>
|
---|
495 | <listitem>
|
---|
496 | <para>Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace</para>
|
---|
497 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgidmap">
|
---|
498 | <primary sortas="b-newgidmap">newgidmap</primary>
|
---|
499 | </indexterm>
|
---|
500 | </listitem>
|
---|
501 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
502 |
|
---|
503 | <varlistentry id="newgrp">
|
---|
504 | <term><command>newgrp</command></term>
|
---|
505 | <listitem>
|
---|
506 | <para>Is used to change the current GID during a login session</para>
|
---|
507 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp">
|
---|
508 | <primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary>
|
---|
509 | </indexterm>
|
---|
510 | </listitem>
|
---|
511 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | <varlistentry id="newuidmap">
|
---|
514 | <term><command>newuidmap</command></term>
|
---|
515 | <listitem>
|
---|
516 | <para>Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace</para>
|
---|
517 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newuidmap">
|
---|
518 | <primary sortas="b-newuidmap">newuidmap</primary>
|
---|
519 | </indexterm>
|
---|
520 | </listitem>
|
---|
521 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | <varlistentry id="newusers">
|
---|
524 | <term><command>newusers</command></term>
|
---|
525 | <listitem>
|
---|
526 | <para>Is used to create or update an entire series of user
|
---|
527 | accounts</para>
|
---|
528 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers">
|
---|
529 | <primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary>
|
---|
530 | </indexterm>
|
---|
531 | </listitem>
|
---|
532 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
533 |
|
---|
534 | <varlistentry id="nologin">
|
---|
535 | <term><command>nologin</command></term>
|
---|
536 | <listitem>
|
---|
537 | <para>Displays a message saying an account is not available; it is designed
|
---|
538 | to be used as the default shell for disabled accounts</para>
|
---|
539 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow nologin">
|
---|
540 | <primary sortas="b-nologin">nologin</primary>
|
---|
541 | </indexterm>
|
---|
542 | </listitem>
|
---|
543 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
544 |
|
---|
545 | <varlistentry id="passwd">
|
---|
546 | <term><command>passwd</command></term>
|
---|
547 | <listitem>
|
---|
548 | <para>Is used to change the password for a user or group account</para>
|
---|
549 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd">
|
---|
550 | <primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary>
|
---|
551 | </indexterm>
|
---|
552 | </listitem>
|
---|
553 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
554 |
|
---|
555 | <varlistentry id="pwck">
|
---|
556 | <term><command>pwck</command></term>
|
---|
557 | <listitem>
|
---|
558 | <para>Verifies the integrity of the password files
|
---|
559 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
|
---|
560 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename></para>
|
---|
561 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck">
|
---|
562 | <primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary>
|
---|
563 | </indexterm>
|
---|
564 | </listitem>
|
---|
565 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | <varlistentry id="pwconv">
|
---|
568 | <term><command>pwconv</command></term>
|
---|
569 | <listitem>
|
---|
570 | <para>Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal
|
---|
571 | password file</para>
|
---|
572 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv">
|
---|
573 | <primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary>
|
---|
574 | </indexterm>
|
---|
575 | </listitem>
|
---|
576 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
577 |
|
---|
578 | <varlistentry id="pwunconv">
|
---|
579 | <term><command>pwunconv</command></term>
|
---|
580 | <listitem>
|
---|
581 | <para>Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from
|
---|
582 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
|
---|
583 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv">
|
---|
584 | <primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary>
|
---|
585 | </indexterm>
|
---|
586 | </listitem>
|
---|
587 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | <varlistentry id="sg">
|
---|
590 | <term><command>sg</command></term>
|
---|
591 | <listitem>
|
---|
592 | <para>Executes a given command while the user's GID
|
---|
593 | is set to that of the given group</para>
|
---|
594 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg">
|
---|
595 | <primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary>
|
---|
596 | </indexterm>
|
---|
597 | </listitem>
|
---|
598 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
599 |
|
---|
600 | <varlistentry id="su">
|
---|
601 | <term><command>su</command></term>
|
---|
602 | <listitem>
|
---|
603 | <para>Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
|
---|
604 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su">
|
---|
605 | <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary>
|
---|
606 | </indexterm>
|
---|
607 | </listitem>
|
---|
608 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
609 |
|
---|
610 | <varlistentry id="useradd">
|
---|
611 | <term><command>useradd</command></term>
|
---|
612 | <listitem>
|
---|
613 | <para>Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default
|
---|
614 | new-user information</para>
|
---|
615 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd">
|
---|
616 | <primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary>
|
---|
617 | </indexterm>
|
---|
618 | </listitem>
|
---|
619 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
620 |
|
---|
621 | <varlistentry id="userdel">
|
---|
622 | <term><command>userdel</command></term>
|
---|
623 | <listitem>
|
---|
624 | <para>Deletes the specified user account</para>
|
---|
625 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel">
|
---|
626 | <primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary>
|
---|
627 | </indexterm>
|
---|
628 | </listitem>
|
---|
629 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
630 |
|
---|
631 | <varlistentry id="usermod">
|
---|
632 | <term><command>usermod</command></term>
|
---|
633 | <listitem>
|
---|
634 | <para>Is used to modify the given user's login name, user
|
---|
635 | identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.</para>
|
---|
636 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod">
|
---|
637 | <primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary>
|
---|
638 | </indexterm>
|
---|
639 | </listitem>
|
---|
640 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
641 |
|
---|
642 | <varlistentry id="vigr">
|
---|
643 | <term><command>vigr</command></term>
|
---|
644 | <listitem>
|
---|
645 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or
|
---|
646 | <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</para>
|
---|
647 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr">
|
---|
648 | <primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary>
|
---|
649 | </indexterm>
|
---|
650 | </listitem>
|
---|
651 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
652 |
|
---|
653 | <varlistentry id="vipw">
|
---|
654 | <term><command>vipw</command></term>
|
---|
655 | <listitem>
|
---|
656 | <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
|
---|
657 | <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files</para>
|
---|
658 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw">
|
---|
659 | <primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary>
|
---|
660 | </indexterm>
|
---|
661 | </listitem>
|
---|
662 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | <varlistentry id="libsubid">
|
---|
665 | <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libsubid</filename></term>
|
---|
666 | <listitem>
|
---|
667 | <para>library to handle subordinate id ranges for users and groups</para>
|
---|
668 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow libsubid">
|
---|
669 | <primary sortas="c-libsubid">libsubid</primary>
|
---|
670 | </indexterm>
|
---|
671 | </listitem>
|
---|
672 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
673 |
|
---|
674 | </variablelist>
|
---|
675 |
|
---|
676 | </sect2>
|
---|
677 |
|
---|
678 | </sect1>
|
---|