1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <segmentedlist>
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30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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32 |
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33 | <seglistitem>
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34 | <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
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35 | <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
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36 | </seglistitem>
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37 | </segmentedlist>
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38 | </sect2>
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39 |
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40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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42 |
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43 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
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44 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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45 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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46 | rules:</para>
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47 |
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48 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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49 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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50 |
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51 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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52 |
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53 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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54 | cd build
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55 |
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56 | meson setup .. \
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57 | --prefix=/usr \
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58 | --buildtype=release \
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59 | -D default-dnssec=no \
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60 | -D firstboot=false \
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61 | -D install-tests=false \
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62 | -D ldconfig=false \
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63 | -D sysusers=false \
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64 | -D rpmmacrosdir=no \
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65 | -D homed=disabled \
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66 | -D userdb=false \
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67 | -D man=disabled \
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68 | -D mode=release \
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69 | -D pamconfdir=no \
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70 | -D dev-kvm-mode=0660 \
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71 | -D nobody-group=nogroup \
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72 | -D sysupdate=disabled \
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73 | -D ukify=disabled \
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74 | -D docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;</userinput></screen>
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75 |
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76 | <variablelist>
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77 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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78 |
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79 | <varlistentry>
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80 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
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83 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
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84 | binaries.</para>
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85 | </listitem>
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86 | </varlistentry>
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87 |
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88 | <varlistentry>
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89 | <term><parameter>-D default-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
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90 | <listitem>
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91 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
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92 | </listitem>
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93 | </varlistentry>
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94 |
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95 | <varlistentry>
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96 | <term><parameter>-D firstboot=false</parameter></term>
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97 | <listitem>
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98 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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99 | services responsible for setting up the system for
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100 | the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
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101 | everything is done manually.</para>
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102 | </listitem>
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103 | </varlistentry>
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104 |
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105 | <varlistentry>
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106 | <term><parameter>-D install-tests=false</parameter></term>
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107 | <listitem>
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108 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
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109 | </listitem>
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110 | </varlistentry>
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111 |
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112 | <varlistentry>
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113 | <term><parameter>-D ldconfig=false</parameter></term>
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114 | <listitem>
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115 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
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116 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
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117 | distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
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118 | this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
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119 | </listitem>
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120 | </varlistentry>
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121 |
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122 | <varlistentry>
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123 | <term><parameter>-D sysusers=false</parameter></term>
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124 | <listitem>
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125 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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126 | services responsible for setting up the
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127 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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128 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
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129 | were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
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130 | on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
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131 | </listitem>
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132 | </varlistentry>
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133 |
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134 | <varlistentry>
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135 | <term><parameter>-D rpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
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136 | <listitem>
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137 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
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138 | for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
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139 | </listitem>
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140 | </varlistentry>
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141 |
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142 | <varlistentry>
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143 | <term><parameter>-D homed=disabled</parameter> and
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144 | <parameter>-D userdb=false</parameter></term>
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145 | <listitem>
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146 | <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
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147 | within the scope of LFS.</para>
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148 | </listitem>
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149 | </varlistentry>
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150 |
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151 | <varlistentry>
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152 | <term><parameter>-D man=disabled</parameter></term>
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153 | <listitem>
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154 | <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
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155 | dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
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156 | from a tarball.</para>
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157 | </listitem>
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158 | </varlistentry>
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159 |
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160 | <varlistentry>
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161 | <term><parameter>-D mode=release</parameter></term>
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162 | <listitem>
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163 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
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164 | </para>
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165 | </listitem>
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166 | </varlistentry>
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167 |
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168 | <varlistentry>
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169 | <term><parameter>-D pamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
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170 | <listitem>
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171 | <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
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172 | functional on LFS.</para>
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173 | </listitem>
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174 | </varlistentry>
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175 |
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176 | <varlistentry>
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177 | <term><parameter>-D dev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
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178 | <listitem>
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179 | <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
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180 | <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
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181 | consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
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182 | </listitem>
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183 | </varlistentry>
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184 |
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185 | <varlistentry>
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186 | <term><parameter>-D nobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
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187 | <listitem>
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188 | <para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
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189 | <systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
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190 | </listitem>
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191 | </varlistentry>
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192 |
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193 | <varlistentry>
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194 | <term><parameter>-D sysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
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195 | <listitem>
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196 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
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197 | tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
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198 | so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
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199 | And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
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200 | configured.</para>
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201 | </listitem>
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202 | </varlistentry>
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203 |
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204 | <varlistentry>
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205 | <term><parameter>-D ukify=disabled</parameter></term>
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206 | <listitem>
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207 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
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208 | At runtime this script requires the
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209 | <application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
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210 | nor BLFS provides.</para>
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211 | </listitem>
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212 | </varlistentry>
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213 |
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214 | </variablelist>
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215 |
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216 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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217 |
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218 | <screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
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219 |
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220 | <para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
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221 | To test the results, issue:</para>
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222 |
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223 | <screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' > /etc/os-release
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224 | ninja test</userinput></screen>
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225 |
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226 | <!-- test-namespace needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
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227 | after initializing the system with systemd. -->
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228 | <para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
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229 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Some other tests may
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230 | fail because they depend on various kernel configuration options.</para>
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231 |
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232 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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233 |
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234 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
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235 |
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236 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
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237 |
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238 | <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
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239 | component in the path. -->
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240 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz \
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241 | --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
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242 | -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
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243 |
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244 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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245 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
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246 |
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247 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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248 |
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249 | <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
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250 |
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251 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
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252 |
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253 | <!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
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254 | If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
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255 | <!--
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256 | <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
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257 | some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
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258 |
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259 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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260 | -->
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261 |
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262 | </sect2>
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263 |
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264 | <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
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265 | <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
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266 | <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
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267 |
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268 | <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
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269 | <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
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270 |
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271 | <para>Clean previous build:</para>
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272 |
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273 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
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274 |
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275 | <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
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276 |
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277 | <!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
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278 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
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279 |
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280 | <!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
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281 | <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
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282 | create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
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283 |
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284 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
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285 | ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
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286 | done</userinput></screen>
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287 | -->
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288 |
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289 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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290 |
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291 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib32/pkgconfig" \
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292 | CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
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293 | CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
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294 | LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
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295 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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296 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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297 | --localstatedir=/var \
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298 | --libdir=/usr/lib32 \
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299 | -Drootlibdir=/usr/lib32 \
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300 | -Dblkid=true \
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301 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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302 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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303 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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304 | -Dldconfig=false \
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305 | -Dsysusers=false \
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306 | -Db_lto=false \
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307 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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308 | -Dhomed=false \
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309 | -Duserdb=false \
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310 | -Dman=false \
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311 | -Dmode=release \
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312 | ..</userinput></screen>
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313 |
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314 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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315 |
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316 | <screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
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317 |
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318 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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319 |
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320 | <screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
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321 | cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
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322 | rm -rf DESTDIR
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323 | rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
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324 |
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325 | </sect2><!-- m32 -->
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326 |
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327 | <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
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328 | <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
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329 | <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
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330 |
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331 | <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
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332 | <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
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333 |
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334 | <para>Clean previous build:</para>
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335 |
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336 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
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337 |
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338 | <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
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339 |
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340 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
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341 | <!--
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342 | <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
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343 |
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344 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
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345 | sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
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346 | -->
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347 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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348 |
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349 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/libx32/pkgconfig" \
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350 | CC="gcc -mx32" \
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351 | CXX="g++ -mx32" \
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352 | CFLAGS+=" -Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
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353 | CXXFLAGS+=" -Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
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354 | LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
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355 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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356 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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357 | --localstatedir=/var \
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358 | --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
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359 | -Drootlibdir=/usr/libx32 \
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360 | -Dblkid=true \
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361 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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362 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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363 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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364 | -Dldconfig=false \
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365 | -Dsysusers=false \
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366 | -Db_lto=false \
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367 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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368 | -Dhomed=false \
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369 | -Duserdb=false \
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370 | -Dman=false \
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371 | -Dmode=release \
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372 | ..</userinput></screen>
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373 |
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374 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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375 |
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376 | <screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
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377 |
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378 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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379 |
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380 | <screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
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381 | cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/libx32/* /usr/libx32
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382 | rm -rf DESTDIR
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383 | rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
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384 |
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385 | </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
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386 |
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387 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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388 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
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389 |
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390 | <segmentedlist>
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391 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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392 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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393 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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394 |
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395 | <seglistitem>
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396 | <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
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397 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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398 | machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
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399 | oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
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400 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
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401 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
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402 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
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403 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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404 | systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
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405 | systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
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406 | systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
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407 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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408 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
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409 | systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
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410 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
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411 | systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
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412 | systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
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413 | telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
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414 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
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415 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
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416 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
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417 | and libudev.so</seg>
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418 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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419 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
|
---|
420 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
|
---|
421 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
|
---|
422 | /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
|
---|
423 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
|
---|
424 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
|
---|
425 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
|
---|
426 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
427 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
428 |
|
---|
429 | <variablelist>
|
---|
430 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
---|
431 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
---|
432 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
---|
433 |
|
---|
434 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
|
---|
435 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
|
---|
436 | <listitem>
|
---|
437 | <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
|
---|
438 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
|
---|
439 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
|
---|
440 | </indexterm>
|
---|
441 | </listitem>
|
---|
442 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
|
---|
445 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
|
---|
446 | <listitem>
|
---|
447 | <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
|
---|
448 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
|
---|
449 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
|
---|
450 | </indexterm>
|
---|
451 | </listitem>
|
---|
452 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
453 |
|
---|
454 | <varlistentry id="halt">
|
---|
455 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
|
---|
456 | <listitem>
|
---|
457 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
|
---|
458 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
|
---|
459 | when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
|
---|
460 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
|
---|
461 | brought down</para>
|
---|
462 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
|
---|
463 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
|
---|
464 | </indexterm>
|
---|
465 | </listitem>
|
---|
466 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
467 |
|
---|
468 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
|
---|
469 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
|
---|
470 | <listitem>
|
---|
471 | <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
|
---|
472 | settings</para>
|
---|
473 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
|
---|
474 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
|
---|
475 | </indexterm>
|
---|
476 | </listitem>
|
---|
477 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
478 |
|
---|
479 | <varlistentry id="init">
|
---|
480 | <term><command>init</command></term>
|
---|
481 | <listitem>
|
---|
482 | <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
|
---|
483 | the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
|
---|
484 | processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
|
---|
485 | systemd</para>
|
---|
486 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
|
---|
487 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
|
---|
488 | </indexterm>
|
---|
489 | </listitem>
|
---|
490 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
|
---|
493 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
|
---|
494 | <listitem>
|
---|
495 | <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
|
---|
496 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
|
---|
497 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
|
---|
498 | </indexterm>
|
---|
499 | </listitem>
|
---|
500 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
501 |
|
---|
502 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
|
---|
503 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
|
---|
504 | <listitem>
|
---|
505 | <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
|
---|
506 | from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
|
---|
507 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
|
---|
508 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
|
---|
509 | </indexterm>
|
---|
510 | </listitem>
|
---|
511 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
|
---|
514 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
|
---|
515 | <listitem>
|
---|
516 | <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
|
---|
517 | settings</para>
|
---|
518 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
|
---|
519 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
|
---|
520 | </indexterm>
|
---|
521 | </listitem>
|
---|
522 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
523 |
|
---|
524 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
|
---|
525 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
|
---|
526 | <listitem>
|
---|
527 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
|
---|
528 | Manager</para>
|
---|
529 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
|
---|
530 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
|
---|
531 | </indexterm>
|
---|
532 | </listitem>
|
---|
533 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
534 |
|
---|
535 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
|
---|
536 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
|
---|
537 | <listitem>
|
---|
538 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
|
---|
539 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
|
---|
540 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
|
---|
541 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
|
---|
542 | </indexterm>
|
---|
543 | </listitem>
|
---|
544 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
545 |
|
---|
546 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
|
---|
547 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
---|
548 | <listitem>
|
---|
549 | <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
|
---|
550 | links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
|
---|
551 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
---|
552 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
---|
553 | </indexterm>
|
---|
554 | </listitem>
|
---|
555 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | <varlistentry id="oomctl">
|
---|
558 | <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
|
---|
559 | <listitem>
|
---|
560 | <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
|
---|
561 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
|
---|
562 | <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
|
---|
563 | </indexterm>
|
---|
564 | </listitem>
|
---|
565 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
---|
568 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
---|
569 | <listitem>
|
---|
570 | <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
---|
571 | system</para>
|
---|
572 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
---|
573 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
---|
574 | </indexterm>
|
---|
575 | </listitem>
|
---|
576 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
577 |
|
---|
578 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
---|
579 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
---|
580 | <listitem>
|
---|
581 | <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
---|
582 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
583 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
---|
584 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
---|
585 | </indexterm>
|
---|
586 | </listitem>
|
---|
587 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
---|
590 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
---|
591 | <listitem>
|
---|
592 | <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
---|
593 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
594 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
---|
595 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
---|
596 | </indexterm>
|
---|
597 | </listitem>
|
---|
598 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
599 |
|
---|
600 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
---|
601 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
---|
602 | <listitem>
|
---|
603 | <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
|
---|
604 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
---|
605 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
---|
606 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
---|
607 | </indexterm>
|
---|
608 | </listitem>
|
---|
609 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
610 |
|
---|
611 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
---|
612 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
---|
613 | <listitem>
|
---|
614 | <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
|
---|
615 | manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
---|
616 | DNS records, and services</para>
|
---|
617 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
---|
618 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
---|
619 | </indexterm>
|
---|
620 | </listitem>
|
---|
621 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
622 |
|
---|
623 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
---|
624 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
---|
625 | <listitem>
|
---|
626 | <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
---|
627 | last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
---|
628 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
---|
629 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
---|
630 | </indexterm>
|
---|
631 | </listitem>
|
---|
632 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
633 |
|
---|
634 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
---|
635 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
---|
636 | <listitem>
|
---|
637 | <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
|
---|
638 | all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
---|
639 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
---|
640 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
---|
641 | </indexterm>
|
---|
642 | </listitem>
|
---|
643 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
644 |
|
---|
645 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
---|
646 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
---|
647 | <listitem>
|
---|
648 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
---|
649 | and service manager</para>
|
---|
650 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
---|
651 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
---|
652 | </indexterm>
|
---|
653 | </listitem>
|
---|
654 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
655 |
|
---|
656 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
657 | <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
|
---|
658 | <listitem>
|
---|
659 | <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
|
---|
660 | power source.</para>
|
---|
661 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
662 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
|
---|
663 | </indexterm>
|
---|
664 | </listitem>
|
---|
665 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
666 |
|
---|
667 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
---|
668 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
---|
669 | <listitem>
|
---|
670 | <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
|
---|
671 | as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
|
---|
672 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
---|
673 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
---|
674 | </indexterm>
|
---|
675 | </listitem>
|
---|
676 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
677 |
|
---|
678 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
679 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
---|
680 | <listitem>
|
---|
681 | <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
---|
682 | using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
|
---|
683 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
684 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
---|
685 | </indexterm>
|
---|
686 | </listitem>
|
---|
687 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
688 |
|
---|
689 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
---|
690 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
---|
691 | <listitem>
|
---|
692 | <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
|
---|
693 | with the systemd journal
|
---|
694 | </para>
|
---|
695 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
---|
696 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
---|
697 | </indexterm>
|
---|
698 | </listitem>
|
---|
699 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
700 |
|
---|
701 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
---|
702 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
---|
703 | <listitem>
|
---|
704 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
---|
705 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
---|
706 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
---|
707 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
---|
708 | </indexterm>
|
---|
709 | </listitem>
|
---|
710 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
711 |
|
---|
712 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
713 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
---|
714 | <listitem>
|
---|
715 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
---|
716 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
|
---|
717 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
718 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
---|
719 | </indexterm>
|
---|
720 | </listitem>
|
---|
721 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
722 |
|
---|
723 | <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
|
---|
724 | <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
|
---|
725 | <listitem>
|
---|
726 | <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
|
---|
727 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
|
---|
728 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
|
---|
729 | </indexterm>
|
---|
730 | </listitem>
|
---|
731 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
732 |
|
---|
733 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
---|
734 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
---|
735 | <listitem>
|
---|
736 | <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
---|
737 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
|
---|
738 | in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
---|
739 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
---|
740 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
---|
741 | </indexterm>
|
---|
742 | </listitem>
|
---|
743 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
744 |
|
---|
745 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
746 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
---|
747 | <listitem>
|
---|
748 | <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
|
---|
749 | environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
|
---|
750 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
751 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
---|
752 | </indexterm>
|
---|
753 | </listitem>
|
---|
754 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
755 |
|
---|
756 | <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
|
---|
757 | <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
|
---|
758 | <listitem>
|
---|
759 | <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
|
---|
760 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
|
---|
761 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
|
---|
762 | </indexterm>
|
---|
763 | </listitem>
|
---|
764 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
765 |
|
---|
766 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
---|
767 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
---|
768 | <listitem>
|
---|
769 | <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
---|
770 | names</para>
|
---|
771 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
---|
772 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
---|
773 | </indexterm>
|
---|
774 | </listitem>
|
---|
775 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
776 |
|
---|
777 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
778 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
---|
779 | <listitem>
|
---|
780 | <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
---|
781 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
782 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
---|
783 | </indexterm>
|
---|
784 | </listitem>
|
---|
785 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
786 |
|
---|
787 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
---|
788 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
---|
789 | <listitem>
|
---|
790 | <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
|
---|
791 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
---|
792 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
793 | </indexterm>
|
---|
794 | </listitem>
|
---|
795 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
796 |
|
---|
797 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
798 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
---|
799 | <listitem>
|
---|
800 | <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
---|
801 | inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
|
---|
802 | until the process is completed</para>
|
---|
803 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
804 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
---|
805 | </indexterm>
|
---|
806 | </listitem>
|
---|
807 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
808 |
|
---|
809 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
810 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
---|
811 | <listitem>
|
---|
812 | <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
---|
813 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
---|
814 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
---|
815 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
816 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
---|
817 | </indexterm>
|
---|
818 | </listitem>
|
---|
819 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
820 |
|
---|
821 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
---|
822 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
---|
823 | <listitem>
|
---|
824 | <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
|
---|
825 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
---|
826 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
---|
827 | </indexterm>
|
---|
828 | </listitem>
|
---|
829 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
830 |
|
---|
831 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
832 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
833 | <listitem>
|
---|
834 | <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
|
---|
835 | changes</para>
|
---|
836 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
837 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
838 | </indexterm>
|
---|
839 | </listitem>
|
---|
840 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
841 |
|
---|
842 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
843 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
---|
844 | <listitem>
|
---|
845 | <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
|
---|
846 | container</para>
|
---|
847 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
848 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
---|
849 | </indexterm>
|
---|
850 | </listitem>
|
---|
851 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
852 |
|
---|
853 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
---|
854 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
---|
855 | <listitem>
|
---|
856 | <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
|
---|
857 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
---|
858 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
---|
859 | </indexterm>
|
---|
860 | </listitem>
|
---|
861 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
862 |
|
---|
863 | <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
|
---|
864 | <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
|
---|
865 | <listitem>
|
---|
866 | <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
|
---|
867 | systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
|
---|
868 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
|
---|
869 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
|
---|
870 | </indexterm>
|
---|
871 | </listitem>
|
---|
872 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
873 |
|
---|
874 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
---|
875 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
---|
876 | <listitem>
|
---|
877 | <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
---|
878 | resource records, and services</para>
|
---|
879 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
---|
880 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
---|
881 | </indexterm>
|
---|
882 | </listitem>
|
---|
883 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
884 |
|
---|
885 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
---|
886 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
---|
887 | <listitem>
|
---|
888 | <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
|
---|
889 | unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
|
---|
890 | validating systemd units</para>
|
---|
891 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
---|
892 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
---|
893 | </indexterm>
|
---|
894 | </listitem>
|
---|
895 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
896 |
|
---|
897 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
898 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
---|
899 | <listitem>
|
---|
900 | <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
---|
901 | a successful connection to the socket</para>
|
---|
902 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
903 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
---|
904 | </indexterm>
|
---|
905 | </listitem>
|
---|
906 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
907 |
|
---|
908 | <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
|
---|
909 | <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
|
---|
910 | <listitem>
|
---|
911 | <para>Activates system extension images</para>
|
---|
912 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
|
---|
913 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
|
---|
914 | </indexterm>
|
---|
915 | </listitem>
|
---|
916 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
917 |
|
---|
918 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
919 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
920 | <listitem>
|
---|
921 | <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
---|
922 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
---|
923 | specified in
|
---|
924 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
---|
925 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
926 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
927 | </indexterm>
|
---|
928 | </listitem>
|
---|
929 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
930 |
|
---|
931 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
---|
932 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
---|
933 | <listitem>
|
---|
934 | <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
|
---|
935 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
---|
936 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
---|
937 | </indexterm>
|
---|
938 | </listitem>
|
---|
939 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
940 |
|
---|
941 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
942 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
943 | <listitem>
|
---|
944 | <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
|
---|
945 | requests</para>
|
---|
946 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
947 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
948 | </indexterm>
|
---|
949 | </listitem>
|
---|
950 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
951 |
|
---|
952 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
953 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
954 | <listitem>
|
---|
955 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
---|
956 | to</para>
|
---|
957 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
958 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
959 | </indexterm>
|
---|
960 | </listitem>
|
---|
961 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
962 |
|
---|
963 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
964 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
965 | <listitem>
|
---|
966 | <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
---|
967 | </para>
|
---|
968 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
969 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
970 | </indexterm>
|
---|
971 | </listitem>
|
---|
972 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
973 |
|
---|
974 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
975 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
976 | <listitem>
|
---|
977 | <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
|
---|
978 | daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
|
---|
979 | uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
|
---|
980 | triggers uevents for a given device</para>
|
---|
981 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
982 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
983 | </indexterm>
|
---|
984 | </listitem>
|
---|
985 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
986 |
|
---|
987 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
---|
988 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
---|
989 | <listitem>
|
---|
990 | <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
|
---|
991 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
---|
992 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
---|
993 | </indexterm>
|
---|
994 | </listitem>
|
---|
995 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
996 |
|
---|
997 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
998 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
999 | <listitem>
|
---|
1000 | <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
|
---|
1001 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
1002 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
1003 | </indexterm>
|
---|
1004 | </listitem>
|
---|
1005 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
1006 |
|
---|
1007 | </variablelist>
|
---|
1008 |
|
---|
1009 | </sect2>
|
---|
1010 |
|
---|
1011 | </sect1>
|
---|