source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ c824d20

multilib xry111/multilib
Last change on this file since c824d20 was c824d20, checked in by Thomas Trepl <thomas@…>, 4 months ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43 <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
44 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
45 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
46 rules:</para>
47
48 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
49 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>Next, fix compatibility with linux-6.9 and later:</para>
52
53 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/DEVMEM_MAGIC 0/{n;n;a \
54/* cb12fd8e0dabb9a1c8aef55a6a41e2c255fcdf4b (6.8) */
55#ifndef PID_FS_MAGIC \
56#define PID_FS_MAGIC 0x50494446 \
57#endif
58}' src/basic/missing_magic.h
59
60sed -i '/OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC/a \
61pidfs, {PID_FS_MAGIC}' src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf</userinput></screen>
62
63 <!-- https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/30549 -->
64 <para>Now fix a security vulnerability in the DNSSEC verification of
65 <command>systemd-resolved</command> and a bug breaking running
66 <command>systemd-analyze verify</command> on an instantiated systemd
67 unit:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap='pre'>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
74cd build
75
76meson setup \
77 --prefix=/usr \
78 --buildtype=release \
79 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
80 -Dfirstboot=false \
81 -Dinstall-tests=false \
82 -Dldconfig=false \
83 -Dsysusers=false \
84 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
85 -Dhomed=disabled \
86 -Duserdb=false \
87 -Dman=disabled \
88 -Dmode=release \
89 -Dpamconfdir=no \
90 -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
91 -Dnobody-group=nogroup \
92 -Dsysupdate=disabled \
93 -Dukify=disabled \
94 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
95 ..</userinput></screen>
96
97 <variablelist>
98 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
99
100 <varlistentry>
101 <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
102 <listitem>
103 <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
104 (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
105 binaries.</para>
106 </listitem>
107 </varlistentry>
108
109 <varlistentry>
110 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
111 <listitem>
112 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
113 </listitem>
114 </varlistentry>
115
116 <varlistentry>
117 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
118 <listitem>
119 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
120 services responsible for setting up the system for
121 the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
122 everything is done manually.</para>
123 </listitem>
124 </varlistentry>
125
126 <varlistentry>
127 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
128 <listitem>
129 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 <varlistentry>
134 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
135 <listitem>
136 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
137 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
138 distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
139 this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
140 </listitem>
141 </varlistentry>
142
143 <varlistentry>
144 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
145 <listitem>
146 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
147 services responsible for setting up the
148 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
149 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
150 were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
151 on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
152 </listitem>
153 </varlistentry>
154
155 <varlistentry>
156 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
157 <listitem>
158 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
159 for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
160 </listitem>
161 </varlistentry>
162
163 <varlistentry>
164 <term><parameter>-Dhomed=disabled</parameter> and
165 <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter></term>
166 <listitem>
167 <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
168 within the scope of LFS.</para>
169 </listitem>
170 </varlistentry>
171
172 <varlistentry>
173 <term><parameter>-Dman=disabled</parameter></term>
174 <listitem>
175 <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
176 dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
177 from a tarball.</para>
178 </listitem>
179 </varlistentry>
180
181 <varlistentry>
182 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
185 </para>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry>
190 <term><parameter>-Dpamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
193 functional on LFS.</para>
194 </listitem>
195 </varlistentry>
196
197 <varlistentry>
198 <term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
199 <listitem>
200 <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
201 <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
202 consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
203 </listitem>
204 </varlistentry>
205
206 <varlistentry>
207 <term><parameter>-Dnobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
208 <listitem>
209 <para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
210 <systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry>
215 <term><parameter>-Dsysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
218 tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
219 so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
220 And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
221 configured.</para>
222 </listitem>
223 </varlistentry>
224
225 <varlistentry>
226 <term><parameter>-Dukify=disabled</parameter></term>
227 <listitem>
228 <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
229 At runtime this script requires the
230 <application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
231 nor BLFS provides.</para>
232 </listitem>
233 </varlistentry>
234
235 </variablelist>
236
237 <para>Compile the package:</para>
238
239<screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
240
241 <para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
242 To test the results, issue:</para>
243
244<screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' &gt; /etc/os-release
245ninja test</userinput></screen>
246
247 <!-- This test needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
248 after initializing the system with systemd. -->
249 <para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
250 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Some other tests may
251 fail because they depend on various kernel configuration options.</para>
252
253 <para>Install the package:</para>
254
255<screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
256
257 <para>Install the man pages:</para>
258
259 <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
260 component in the path. -->
261<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz \
262 --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
263 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
264
265 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
266 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
267
268<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
269
270 <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
271
272<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
273
274<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
275 If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
276<!--
277 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
278 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
279
280<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
281-->
282
283 </sect2>
284
285 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
286 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
287 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
288
289 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
290 <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
291
292 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
293
294<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
295
296 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
297
298<!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
299<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
300
301<!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
302 <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
303 create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
304
305<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
306 ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
307done</userinput></screen>
308-->
309
310 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
311
312 <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib32/pkgconfig" \
313CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
314CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
315LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
316meson --prefix=/usr \
317 --sysconfdir=/etc \
318 --localstatedir=/var \
319 --libdir=/usr/lib32 \
320 -Drootlibdir=/usr/lib32 \
321 -Dblkid=true \
322 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
323 -Dfirstboot=false \
324 -Dinstall-tests=false \
325 -Dldconfig=false \
326 -Dsysusers=false \
327 -Db_lto=false \
328 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
329 -Dhomed=false \
330 -Duserdb=false \
331 -Dman=false \
332 -Dmode=release \
333 ..</userinput></screen>
334
335 <para>Compile the package:</para>
336
337<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
338
339 <para>Install the package:</para>
340
341<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
342cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
343rm -rf DESTDIR
344rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
345
346 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
347
348 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
349 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
350 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
351
352 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
353 <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
354
355 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
356
357<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
358
359 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
360
361<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
362<!--
363 <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
364
365<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
366sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
367-->
368 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
369
370<screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/libx32/pkgconfig" \
371CC="gcc -mx32" \
372CXX="g++ -mx32" \
373CFLAGS+=" -Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
374CXXFLAGS+=" -Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
375LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
376meson --prefix=/usr \
377 --sysconfdir=/etc \
378 --localstatedir=/var \
379 --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
380 -Drootlibdir=/usr/libx32 \
381 -Dblkid=true \
382 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
383 -Dfirstboot=false \
384 -Dinstall-tests=false \
385 -Dldconfig=false \
386 -Dsysusers=false \
387 -Db_lto=false \
388 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
389 -Dhomed=false \
390 -Duserdb=false \
391 -Dman=false \
392 -Dmode=release \
393 ..</userinput></screen>
394
395 <para>Compile the package:</para>
396
397<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
398
399 <para>Install the package:</para>
400
401<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
402cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/libx32/* /usr/libx32
403rm -rf DESTDIR
404rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
405
406 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
407
408 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
409 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
410
411 <segmentedlist>
412 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
413 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
414 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
415
416 <seglistitem>
417 <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
418 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
419 machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
420 oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
421 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
422 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
423 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
424 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
425 systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
426 systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
427 systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
428 systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
429 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
430 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
431 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
432 systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
433 systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
434 telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
435 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
436 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
437 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
438 and libudev.so</seg>
439 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
440 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
441 /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
442 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
443 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
444 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
445 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
446 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
447 </seglistitem>
448 </segmentedlist>
449
450 <variablelist>
451 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
452 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
453 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
454
455 <varlistentry id="busctl">
456 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
457 <listitem>
458 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
460 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
466 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
469 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
470 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
471 </indexterm>
472 </listitem>
473 </varlistentry>
474
475 <varlistentry id="halt">
476 <term><command>halt</command></term>
477 <listitem>
478 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
479 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
480 when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
481 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
482 brought down</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
484 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
490 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
493 settings</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
495 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="init">
501 <term><command>init</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
504 the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
505 processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
506 systemd</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
508 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
514 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
518 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
524 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
527 from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
529 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="localectl">
535 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
538 settings</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
540 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
546 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
549 Manager</para>
550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
551 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
552 </indexterm>
553 </listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
557 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
558 <listitem>
559 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
560 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
562 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
568 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
571 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
573 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="oomctl">
579 <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
583 <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
589 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
592 system</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
594 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
600 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
603 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
605 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="reboot">
611 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
614 <command>halt</command>)</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
616 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
622 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
625 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
627 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
633 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
636 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
637 DNS records, and services</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
639 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
645 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
648 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
650 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
656 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
659 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
660 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
661 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
662 </indexterm>
663 </listitem>
664 </varlistentry>
665
666 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
667 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
668 <listitem>
669 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
670 and service manager</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
672 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
677 <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
678 <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
681 power source.</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
683 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
689 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
692 as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
694 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
700 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
703 using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
705 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
711 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
714 with the systemd journal
715 </para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
717 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
723 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
726 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
727 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
728 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
729 </indexterm>
730 </listitem>
731 </varlistentry>
732
733 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
734 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
735 <listitem>
736 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
737 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
739 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
745 <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
748 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
749 <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
750 </indexterm>
751 </listitem>
752 </varlistentry>
753
754 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
755 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
756 <listitem>
757 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
758 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
759 in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
761 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
767 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
770 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
771 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
772 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
773 </indexterm>
774 </listitem>
775 </varlistentry>
776
777 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
778 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
779 <listitem>
780 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
782 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
788 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
791 names</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
793 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
799 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
803 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
809 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
813 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
819 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
822 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
823 until the process is completed</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
825 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
831 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
834 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
835 randomly generated ID</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
837 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
842 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
843 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
846 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
847 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
848 </indexterm>
849 </listitem>
850 </varlistentry>
851
852 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
853 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
854 <listitem>
855 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
856 changes</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
858 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
864 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
867 container</para>
868 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
869 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
870 </indexterm>
871 </listitem>
872 </varlistentry>
873
874 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
875 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
876 <listitem>
877 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
878 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
879 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
880 </indexterm>
881 </listitem>
882 </varlistentry>
883
884 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
885 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
886 <listitem>
887 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
888 systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
890 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
896 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
899 resource records, and services</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
901 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
907 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
910 unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
911 validating systemd units</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
913 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
919 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
922 a successful connection to the socket</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
924 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
930 <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Activates system extension images</para>
933 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
934 <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
935 </indexterm>
936 </listitem>
937 </varlistentry>
938
939 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
940 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
941 <listitem>
942 <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
943 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
944 specified in
945 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
947 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
953 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
957 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
963 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
966 requests</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
968 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="telinit">
974 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
977 to</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
979 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
985 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
988 </para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
990 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
996 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
999 daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
1000 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
1001 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
1003 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
1009 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
1013 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="libudev">
1019 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
1023 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 </variablelist>
1029
1030 </sect2>
1031
1032</sect1>
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