source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ 8598141

multilib
Last change on this file since 8598141 was af4bd57, checked in by Thomas Trepl (Moody) <thomas@…>, 2 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43 <!--Fix CVE-2021-33910 -->
44 <!--
45 <para>First, apply a patch to fix a security vulnerability:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
48-->
49
50 <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
51 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
52 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
53 rules:</para>
54
55 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
56 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
59
60<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
61cd build
62
63LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
64meson --prefix=/usr \
65 --sysconfdir=/etc \
66 --localstatedir=/var \
67 --buildtype=release \
68 -Dblkid=true \
69 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
70 -Dfirstboot=false \
71 -Dinstall-tests=false \
72 -Dldconfig=false \
73 -Dsysusers=false \
74 -Db_lto=false \
75 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
76 -Dhomed=false \
77 -Duserdb=false \
78 -Dman=false \
79 -Dmode=release \
80 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
81 ..</userinput></screen>
82
83 <variablelist>
84 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
85
86 <varlistentry>
87 <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
88 <listitem>
89 <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
90 (<quote>debug</quote>), which would produce unoptimized
91 binaries.</para>
92 </listitem>
93 </varlistentry>
94
95 <varlistentry>
96 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
97 <listitem>
98 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
99 </listitem>
100 </varlistentry>
101
102 <varlistentry>
103 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
104 <listitem>
105 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
106 services responsible for setting up the system for
107 the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
108 everything is done manually.</para>
109 </listitem>
110 </varlistentry>
111
112 <varlistentry>
113 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
114 <listitem>
115 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
116 </listitem>
117 </varlistentry>
118
119 <varlistentry>
120 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
121 <listitem>
122 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
123 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
124 distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
125 if the described feature is desired.</para>
126 </listitem>
127 </varlistentry>
128
129 <varlistentry>
130 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
131 <listitem>
132 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
133 services responsible for setting up the
134 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
135 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
136 were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
137 </listitem>
138 </varlistentry>
139
140 <varlistentry>
141 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
142 <listitem>
143 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
144 for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
145 </listitem>
146 </varlistentry>
147
148 <varlistentry>
149 <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
150 <listitem>
151 <para>Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit
152 the scope of LFS.</para>
153 </listitem>
154 </varlistentry>
155
156 <varlistentry>
157 <term><parameter>-Dman=false</parameter></term>
158 <listitem>
159 <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
160 dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
161 from a tarball later.</para>
162 </listitem>
163 </varlistentry>
164
165 <varlistentry>
166 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
169 </para>
170 </listitem>
171 </varlistentry>
172
173 </variablelist>
174
175 <para>Compile the package:</para>
176
177<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
178
179 <para>Install the package:</para>
180
181<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
182
183 <para>Install the man pages:</para>
184
185<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
186
187 <para>Remove a useless directory:</para>
188
189<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rf /usr/lib/pam.d</userinput></screen>
190
191 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
192 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
193
194<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
195
196 <para>Setup the basic target structure:</para>
197
198<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
199
200 <para>Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that
201 use a network configuration other than what is provided by
202 systemd-networkd:</para>
203 <!-- Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC -->
204
205<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput></screen>
206
207 <para>Fix a regression in a systemd unit that causes a delay when
208 switching TTYs:</para>
209
210<screen><userinput remap="adjust">sed -i 's/idle/simple/' /usr/lib/systemd/system/getty@.service</userinput></screen>
211
212<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
213 If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
214<!--
215 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
216 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
217
218<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
219-->
220
221 </sect2>
222
223 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
224 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
225 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
226
227 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
228 <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
229
230 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
231
232<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
233
234 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
235
236<!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
237<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
238
239<!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
240 <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
241 create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
242
243<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
244 ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
245done</userinput></screen>
246-->
247
248 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
249
250 <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib32/pkgconfig" \
251CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
252CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
253LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
254meson --prefix=/usr \
255 --sysconfdir=/etc \
256 --localstatedir=/var \
257 -Dblkid=true \
258 -Dbuildtype=release \
259 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
260 -Dfirstboot=false \
261 -Dinstall-tests=false \
262 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
263 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
264 -Dldconfig=false \
265 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
266 -Drootprefix= \
267 -Drootlibdir=/usr/lib32 \
268 -Dsplit-usr=true \
269 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
270 -Dsysusers=false \
271 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
272 -Db_lto=false \
273 ..</userinput></screen>
274
275 <para>Compile the package:</para>
276
277<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
278
279 <para>Install the package:</para>
280
281<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
282cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
283rm -rf DESTDIR
284rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
285
286 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
287
288 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
289 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
290 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
291
292 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
293 <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
294
295 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
296
297<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
298
299 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
300
301<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
302
303 <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
304
305<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
306sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
307
308 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
309
310<screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/libx32/pkgconfig" \
311CC="gcc -mx32" \
312CXX="g++ -mx32" \
313CFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
314CXXFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
315LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
316meson --prefix=/usr \
317 --sysconfdir=/etc \
318 --localstatedir=/var \
319 -Dblkid=true \
320 -Dbuildtype=release \
321 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
322 -Dfirstboot=false \
323 -Dinstall-tests=false \
324 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
325 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
326 -Dldconfig=false \
327 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
328 -Drootprefix= \
329 -Drootlibdir=/usr/libx32 \
330 -Dsplit-usr=true \
331 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
332 -Dsysusers=false \
333 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
334 -Db_lto=false \
335 ..</userinput></screen>
336
337 <para>Compile the package:</para>
338
339<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
340
341 <para>Install the package:</para>
342
343<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
344cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
345rm -rf DESTDIR
346rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
347
348 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
349
350 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
351 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
352
353 <segmentedlist>
354 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
355 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
356 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
357
358 <seglistitem>
359 <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
360 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
361 machinectl, networkctl, oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
362 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
363 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
364 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
365 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
366 systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
367 systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
368 systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
369 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
370 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
371 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
372 systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
373 systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
374 telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
375 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
376 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
377 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
378 and libudev.so</seg>
379 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
380 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
381 /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
382 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
383 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
384 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
385 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
386 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
387 </seglistitem>
388 </segmentedlist>
389
390 <variablelist>
391 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
392 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
393 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
394
395 <varlistentry id="bootctl">
396 <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
399 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
400 <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
401 </indexterm>
402 </listitem>
403 </varlistentry>
404
405 <varlistentry id="busctl">
406 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
410 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
416 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
420 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="halt">
426 <term><command>halt</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
429 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
430 then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
431 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
432 brought down</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
434 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
440 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
443 settings</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
445 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="init">
451 <term><command>init</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
454 the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
455 processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
456 systemd</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
458 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
464 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
468 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
474 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
477 from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
479 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="localectl">
485 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
488 settings</para>
489 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
490 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
491 </indexterm>
492 </listitem>
493 </varlistentry>
494
495 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
496 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
497 <listitem>
498 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
499 Manager</para>
500 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
501 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
502 </indexterm>
503 </listitem>
504 </varlistentry>
505
506 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
507 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
508 <listitem>
509 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
510 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
512 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
518 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
521 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
523 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="oomctl">
529 <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
533 <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
539 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
542 system</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
544 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
550 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
553 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
555 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="reboot">
561 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
564 <command>halt</command>)</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
566 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
572 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
575 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
577 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
583 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
586 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
587 DNS records, and services</para>
588 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
589 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
590 </indexterm>
591 </listitem>
592 </varlistentry>
593
594 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
595 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
598 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
600 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
606 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
609 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
611 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
617 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
620 and service manager</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
622 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
627 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
628 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
631 boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
633 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
639 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
642 using a question message specified on the command line</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
644 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
650 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
653 with the systemd journal
654 </para>
655 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
656 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
657 </indexterm>
658 </listitem>
659 </varlistentry>
660
661 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
662 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
663 <listitem>
664 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
665 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
667 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
673 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
676 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
678 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
684 <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
687 as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
689 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
695 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
698 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
699 counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
701 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
707 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
710 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
712 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
718 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
722 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
728 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
731 names</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
733 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
739 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
743 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
749 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
753 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
759 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
762 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
763 until the process is completed</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
765 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
771 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
774 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
775 randomly generated ID</para>
776 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
777 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
778 </indexterm>
779 </listitem>
780 </varlistentry>
781
782 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
783 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
784 <listitem>
785 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
786 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
787 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
788 </indexterm>
789 </listitem>
790 </varlistentry>
791
792 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
793 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
794 <listitem>
795 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
796 changes</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
798 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
804 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
807 container</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
809 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
815 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
819 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
825 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
828 systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
830 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
836 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
839 resource records, and services</para>
840 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
841 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
842 </indexterm>
843 </listitem>
844 </varlistentry>
845
846 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
847 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
848 <listitem>
849 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
850 unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
851 validating systemd units</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
853 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
859 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
862 a successful connection to the socket</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
864 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
870 <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Activates system extension images</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
874 <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
880 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
883 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
884 specified in
885 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
887 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
893 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
897 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
903 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
906 requests</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
908 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="telinit">
914 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
917 to</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
919 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
925 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
928 </para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
930 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
936 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
939 daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
940 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
941 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
943 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
949 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
952 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
953 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
954 </indexterm>
955 </listitem>
956 </varlistentry>
957
958 <varlistentry id="libudev">
959 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
960 <listitem>
961 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
962 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
963 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
964 </indexterm>
965 </listitem>
966 </varlistentry>
967
968 </variablelist>
969
970 </sect2>
971
972</sect1>
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