source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ 9113316

multilib xry111/multilib
Last change on this file since 9113316 was 511932f, checked in by Thomas Trepl <thomas@…>, 4 months ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43 <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
44 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
45 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
46 rules:</para>
47
48 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
49 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
50
51 <!-- https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/30549 -->
52 <para>Now fix a security vulnerability in the DNSSEC verification of
53 <command>systemd-resolved</command> and a bug breaking running
54 <command>systemd-analyze verify</command> on an instantiated systemd
55 unit:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap='pre'>patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
62cd build
63
64meson setup \
65 --prefix=/usr \
66 --buildtype=release \
67 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
68 -Dfirstboot=false \
69 -Dinstall-tests=false \
70 -Dldconfig=false \
71 -Dsysusers=false \
72 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
73 -Dhomed=disabled \
74 -Duserdb=false \
75 -Dman=disabled \
76 -Dmode=release \
77 -Dpamconfdir=no \
78 -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
79 -Dnobody-group=nogroup \
80 -Dsysupdate=disabled \
81 -Dukify=disabled \
82 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
83 ..</userinput></screen>
84
85 <variablelist>
86 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
87
88 <varlistentry>
89 <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
90 <listitem>
91 <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
92 (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
93 binaries.</para>
94 </listitem>
95 </varlistentry>
96
97 <varlistentry>
98 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
99 <listitem>
100 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
101 </listitem>
102 </varlistentry>
103
104 <varlistentry>
105 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
106 <listitem>
107 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
108 services responsible for setting up the system for
109 the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
110 everything is done manually.</para>
111 </listitem>
112 </varlistentry>
113
114 <varlistentry>
115 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
116 <listitem>
117 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
118 </listitem>
119 </varlistentry>
120
121 <varlistentry>
122 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
123 <listitem>
124 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
125 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
126 distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
127 this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
128 </listitem>
129 </varlistentry>
130
131 <varlistentry>
132 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
135 services responsible for setting up the
136 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
137 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
138 were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
139 on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
140 </listitem>
141 </varlistentry>
142
143 <varlistentry>
144 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
145 <listitem>
146 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
147 for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
148 </listitem>
149 </varlistentry>
150
151 <varlistentry>
152 <term><parameter>-Dhomed=disabled</parameter> and
153 <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter></term>
154 <listitem>
155 <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
156 within the scope of LFS.</para>
157 </listitem>
158 </varlistentry>
159
160 <varlistentry>
161 <term><parameter>-Dman=disabled</parameter></term>
162 <listitem>
163 <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
164 dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
165 from a tarball.</para>
166 </listitem>
167 </varlistentry>
168
169 <varlistentry>
170 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
173 </para>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry>
178 <term><parameter>-Dpamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
181 functional on LFS.</para>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry>
186 <term><parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
189 <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
190 consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
194 <varlistentry>
195 <term><parameter>-Dnobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
198 <systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry>
203 <term><parameter>-Dsysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
206 tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
207 so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
208 And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
209 configured.</para>
210 </listitem>
211 </varlistentry>
212
213 <varlistentry>
214 <term><parameter>-Dukify=disabled</parameter></term>
215 <listitem>
216 <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
217 At runtime this script requires the
218 <application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
219 nor BLFS provides.</para>
220 </listitem>
221 </varlistentry>
222
223 </variablelist>
224
225 <para>Compile the package:</para>
226
227<screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
228
229 <para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
230 To test the results, issue:</para>
231
232<screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' &gt; /etc/os-release
233ninja test</userinput></screen>
234
235 <!-- This test needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
236 after initializing the system with systemd. -->
237 <para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
238 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Some other tests may
239 fail because they depend on various kernel configuration options.</para>
240
241 <para>Install the package:</para>
242
243<screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
244
245 <para>Install the man pages:</para>
246
247 <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
248 component in the path. -->
249<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz \
250 --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
251 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
252
253 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
254 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
255
256<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
257
258 <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
259
260<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
261
262<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
263 If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
264<!--
265 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
266 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
267
268<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
269-->
270
271 </sect2>
272
273 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
274 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
275 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
276
277 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
278 <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
279
280 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
281
282<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
283
284 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
285
286<!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
287<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
288
289<!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
290 <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
291 create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
292
293<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
294 ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
295done</userinput></screen>
296-->
297
298 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
299
300 <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib32/pkgconfig" \
301CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
302CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
303LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
304meson --prefix=/usr \
305 --sysconfdir=/etc \
306 --localstatedir=/var \
307 --libdir=/usr/lib32 \
308 -Drootlibdir=/usr/lib32 \
309 -Dblkid=true \
310 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
311 -Dfirstboot=false \
312 -Dinstall-tests=false \
313 -Dldconfig=false \
314 -Dsysusers=false \
315 -Db_lto=false \
316 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
317 -Dhomed=false \
318 -Duserdb=false \
319 -Dman=false \
320 -Dmode=release \
321 ..</userinput></screen>
322
323 <para>Compile the package:</para>
324
325<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
326
327 <para>Install the package:</para>
328
329<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
330cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
331rm -rf DESTDIR
332rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
333
334 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
335
336 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
337 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
338 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
339
340 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
341 <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
342
343 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
344
345<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
346
347 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
348
349<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
350<!--
351 <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
352
353<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
354sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
355-->
356 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
357
358<screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/libx32/pkgconfig" \
359CC="gcc -mx32" \
360CXX="g++ -mx32" \
361CFLAGS+=" -Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
362CXXFLAGS+=" -Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
363LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
364meson --prefix=/usr \
365 --sysconfdir=/etc \
366 --localstatedir=/var \
367 --libdir=/usr/libx32 \
368 -Drootlibdir=/usr/libx32 \
369 -Dblkid=true \
370 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
371 -Dfirstboot=false \
372 -Dinstall-tests=false \
373 -Dldconfig=false \
374 -Dsysusers=false \
375 -Db_lto=false \
376 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
377 -Dhomed=false \
378 -Duserdb=false \
379 -Dman=false \
380 -Dmode=release \
381 ..</userinput></screen>
382
383 <para>Compile the package:</para>
384
385<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
386
387 <para>Install the package:</para>
388
389<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
390cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/libx32/* /usr/libx32
391rm -rf DESTDIR
392rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
393
394 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
395
396 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
397 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
398
399 <segmentedlist>
400 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
401 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
402 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
403
404 <seglistitem>
405 <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
406 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
407 machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
408 oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
409 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
410 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
411 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
412 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
413 systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
414 systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
415 systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
416 systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
417 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
418 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
419 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
420 systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
421 systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
422 telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
423 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
424 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
425 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
426 and libudev.so</seg>
427 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
428 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
429 /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
430 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
431 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
432 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
433 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
434 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
435 </seglistitem>
436 </segmentedlist>
437
438 <variablelist>
439 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
440 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
441 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
442
443 <varlistentry id="busctl">
444 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
447 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
448 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
449 </indexterm>
450 </listitem>
451 </varlistentry>
452
453 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
454 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
455 <listitem>
456 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
458 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="halt">
464 <term><command>halt</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
467 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
468 when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
469 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
470 brought down</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
472 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
478 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
481 settings</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
483 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="init">
489 <term><command>init</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
492 the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
493 processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
494 systemd</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
496 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
502 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
506 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
512 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
515 from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
517 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="localectl">
523 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
526 settings</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
528 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
534 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
537 Manager</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
539 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
545 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
548 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
550 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
556 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
559 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
560 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
561 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
562 </indexterm>
563 </listitem>
564 </varlistentry>
565
566 <varlistentry id="oomctl">
567 <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
568 <listitem>
569 <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
570 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
571 <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
572 </indexterm>
573 </listitem>
574 </varlistentry>
575
576 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
577 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
578 <listitem>
579 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
580 system</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
582 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
588 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
591 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
593 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="reboot">
599 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
602 <command>halt</command>)</para>
603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
604 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
605 </indexterm>
606 </listitem>
607 </varlistentry>
608
609 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
610 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
611 <listitem>
612 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
613 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
615 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
621 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
624 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
625 DNS records, and services</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
627 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
633 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
636 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
638 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
644 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
647 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
649 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
655 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
658 and service manager</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
660 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
666 <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
669 power source.</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
671 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
677 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
680 as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
682 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
688 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
691 using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
692 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
693 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
694 </indexterm>
695 </listitem>
696 </varlistentry>
697
698 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
699 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
700 <listitem>
701 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
702 with the systemd journal
703 </para>
704 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
705 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
706 </indexterm>
707 </listitem>
708 </varlistentry>
709
710 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
711 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
712 <listitem>
713 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
714 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
715 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
716 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
717 </indexterm>
718 </listitem>
719 </varlistentry>
720
721 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
722 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
723 <listitem>
724 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
725 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
727 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
733 <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
737 <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
743 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
746 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
747 in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
748 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
749 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
750 </indexterm>
751 </listitem>
752 </varlistentry>
753
754 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
755 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
756 <listitem>
757 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
758 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
760 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
766 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
770 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
776 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
779 names</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
781 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
787 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
791 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
797 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
800 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
801 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
802 </indexterm>
803 </listitem>
804 </varlistentry>
805
806 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
807 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
808 <listitem>
809 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
810 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
811 until the process is completed</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
813 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
819 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
822 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
823 randomly generated ID</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
825 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
831 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
835 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
841 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
844 changes</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
846 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
852 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
855 container</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
857 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
863 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
866 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
867 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
868 </indexterm>
869 </listitem>
870 </varlistentry>
871
872 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
873 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
874 <listitem>
875 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
876 systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
878 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
884 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
887 resource records, and services</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
889 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
894 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
895 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
898 unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
899 validating systemd units</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
901 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
907 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
910 a successful connection to the socket</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
912 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
918 <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>Activates system extension images</para>
921 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
922 <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
923 </indexterm>
924 </listitem>
925 </varlistentry>
926
927 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
928 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
929 <listitem>
930 <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
931 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
932 specified in
933 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
935 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
941 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
944 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
945 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
946 </indexterm>
947 </listitem>
948 </varlistentry>
949
950 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
951 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
952 <listitem>
953 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
954 requests</para>
955 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
956 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
957 </indexterm>
958 </listitem>
959 </varlistentry>
960
961 <varlistentry id="telinit">
962 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
963 <listitem>
964 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
965 to</para>
966 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
967 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
968 </indexterm>
969 </listitem>
970 </varlistentry>
971
972 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
973 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
974 <listitem>
975 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
976 </para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
978 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
984 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
987 daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
988 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
989 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
991 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
997 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
1000 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
1001 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
1002 </indexterm>
1003 </listitem>
1004 </varlistentry>
1005
1006 <varlistentry id="libudev">
1007 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
1008 <listitem>
1009 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
1010 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
1011 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
1012 </indexterm>
1013 </listitem>
1014 </varlistentry>
1015
1016 </variablelist>
1017
1018 </sect2>
1019
1020</sect1>
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