1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <segmentedlist>
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30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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32 |
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33 | <seglistitem>
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34 | <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
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35 | <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
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36 | </seglistitem>
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37 | </segmentedlist>
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38 | </sect2>
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39 |
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40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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42 |
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43 | <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
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44 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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45 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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46 | rules:</para>
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47 |
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48 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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49 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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50 |
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51 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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52 |
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53 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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54 | cd build
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55 |
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56 | meson setup .. \
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57 | --prefix=/usr \
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58 | --buildtype=release \
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59 | -D default-dnssec=no \
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60 | -D firstboot=false \
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61 | -D install-tests=false \
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62 | -D ldconfig=false \
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63 | -D sysusers=false \
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64 | -D rpmmacrosdir=no \
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65 | -D homed=disabled \
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66 | -D userdb=false \
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67 | -D man=disabled \
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68 | -D mode=release \
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69 | -D pamconfdir=no \
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70 | -D dev-kvm-mode=0660 \
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71 | -D nobody-group=nogroup \
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72 | -D sysupdate=disabled \
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73 | -D ukify=disabled \
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74 | -D docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;</userinput></screen>
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75 |
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76 | <variablelist>
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77 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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78 |
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79 | <varlistentry>
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80 | <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
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83 | (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized
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84 | binaries.</para>
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85 | </listitem>
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86 | </varlistentry>
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87 |
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88 | <varlistentry>
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89 | <term><parameter>-D default-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
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90 | <listitem>
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91 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
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92 | </listitem>
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93 | </varlistentry>
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94 |
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95 | <varlistentry>
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96 | <term><parameter>-D firstboot=false</parameter></term>
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97 | <listitem>
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98 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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99 | services responsible for setting up the system for
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100 | the first time. These are not useful in LFS, because
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101 | everything is done manually.</para>
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102 | </listitem>
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103 | </varlistentry>
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104 |
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105 | <varlistentry>
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106 | <term><parameter>-D install-tests=false</parameter></term>
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107 | <listitem>
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108 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
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109 | </listitem>
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110 | </varlistentry>
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111 |
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112 | <varlistentry>
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113 | <term><parameter>-D ldconfig=false</parameter></term>
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114 | <listitem>
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115 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
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116 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot; this is not useful for source
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117 | distributions such as LFS, and makes the boot time longer. Remove
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118 | this option to enable running <command>ldconfig</command> at boot.</para>
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119 | </listitem>
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120 | </varlistentry>
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121 |
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122 | <varlistentry>
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123 | <term><parameter>-D sysusers=false</parameter></term>
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124 | <listitem>
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125 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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126 | services responsible for setting up the
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127 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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128 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
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129 | were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful
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130 | on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.</para>
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131 | </listitem>
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132 | </varlistentry>
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133 |
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134 | <varlistentry>
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135 | <term><parameter>-D rpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
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136 | <listitem>
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137 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
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138 | for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
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139 | </listitem>
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140 | </varlistentry>
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141 |
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142 | <varlistentry>
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143 | <term><parameter>-D homed=disabled</parameter> and
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144 | <parameter>-D userdb=false</parameter></term>
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145 | <listitem>
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146 | <para>Remove two daemons with dependencies that do not fit
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147 | within the scope of LFS.</para>
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148 | </listitem>
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149 | </varlistentry>
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150 |
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151 | <varlistentry>
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152 | <term><parameter>-D man=disabled</parameter></term>
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153 | <listitem>
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154 | <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
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155 | dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
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156 | from a tarball.</para>
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157 | </listitem>
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158 | </varlistentry>
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159 |
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160 | <varlistentry>
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161 | <term><parameter>-D mode=release</parameter></term>
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162 | <listitem>
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163 | <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
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164 | </para>
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165 | </listitem>
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166 | </varlistentry>
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167 |
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168 | <varlistentry>
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169 | <term><parameter>-D pamconfdir=no</parameter></term>
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170 | <listitem>
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171 | <para>Prevent the installation of a PAM configuration file not
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172 | functional on LFS.</para>
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173 | </listitem>
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174 | </varlistentry>
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175 |
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176 | <varlistentry>
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177 | <term><parameter>-D dev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter></term>
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178 | <listitem>
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179 | <para>The default udev rule would allow all users to access
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180 | <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors
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181 | consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.</para>
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182 | </listitem>
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183 | </varlistentry>
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184 |
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185 | <varlistentry>
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186 | <term><parameter>-D nobody-group=nogroup</parameter></term>
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187 | <listitem>
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188 | <para>Tell the package the group name with GID 65534 is
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189 | <systemitem class='groupname'>nogroup</systemitem>.</para>
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190 | </listitem>
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191 | </varlistentry>
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192 |
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193 | <varlistentry>
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194 | <term><parameter>-D sysupdate=disabled</parameter></term>
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195 | <listitem>
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196 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-sysupdate</command>
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197 | tool. It's designed for automatically upgrading binary distros,
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198 | so it's useless for a basic Linux system built from source.
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199 | And it will report errors on boot if it's enabled but not properly
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200 | configured.</para>
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201 | </listitem>
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202 | </varlistentry>
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203 |
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204 | <varlistentry>
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205 | <term><parameter>-D ukify=disabled</parameter></term>
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206 | <listitem>
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207 | <para>Do not install the <command>systemd-ukify</command> script.
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208 | At runtime this script requires the
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209 | <application>pefile</application> Python module that neither LFS
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210 | nor BLFS provides.</para>
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211 | </listitem>
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212 | </varlistentry>
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213 |
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214 | </variablelist>
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215 |
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216 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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217 |
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218 | <screen><userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput></screen>
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219 |
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220 | <para>Some tests need a basic <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file.
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221 | To test the results, issue:</para>
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222 |
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223 | <screen><userinput remap="test">echo 'NAME="Linux From Scratch"' > /etc/os-release
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224 | ninja test</userinput></screen>
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225 |
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226 | <!-- test-namespace needs /run/systemd/inaccessible/sock, which only exists
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227 | after initializing the system with systemd. -->
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228 | <para>One test named <literal>systemd:core / test-namespace</literal>
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229 | is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment. Some other tests may
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230 | fail because they depend on various kernel configuration options.</para>
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231 |
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232 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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233 |
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234 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput></screen>
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235 |
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236 | <para>Install the man pages:</para>
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237 |
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238 | <!-- Please make sure systemd man pages tarball has a common leading
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239 | component in the path. -->
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240 | <screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz \
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241 | --no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
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242 | -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
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243 |
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244 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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245 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
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246 |
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247 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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248 |
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249 | <para>Set up the basic target structure:</para>
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250 |
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251 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
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252 |
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253 | <!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
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254 | If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
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255 | <!--
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256 | <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
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257 | some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
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258 |
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259 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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260 | -->
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261 |
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262 | </sect2>
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263 |
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264 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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265 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
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266 |
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267 | <segmentedlist>
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268 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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269 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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270 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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271 |
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272 | <seglistitem>
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273 | <seg>busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
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274 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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275 | machinectl, mount.ddi (symlink to systemd-dissect), networkctl,
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276 | oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
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277 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
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278 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
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279 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-ac-power, systemd-analyze,
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280 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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281 | systemd-confext (symlink to systemd-sysext), systemd-creds,
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282 | systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
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283 | systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
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284 | systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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285 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
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286 | systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
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287 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
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288 | systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
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289 | systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
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290 | telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
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291 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
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292 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
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293 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
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294 | and libudev.so</seg>
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295 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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296 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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297 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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298 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
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299 | /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
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300 | /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
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301 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
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302 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
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303 | </seglistitem>
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304 | </segmentedlist>
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305 |
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306 | <variablelist>
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307 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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308 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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309 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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310 |
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311 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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312 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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313 | <listitem>
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314 | <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
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315 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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316 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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317 | </indexterm>
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318 | </listitem>
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319 | </varlistentry>
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320 |
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321 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
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322 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
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323 | <listitem>
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324 | <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
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325 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
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326 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
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327 | </indexterm>
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328 | </listitem>
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329 | </varlistentry>
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330 |
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331 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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332 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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333 | <listitem>
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334 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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335 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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336 | when it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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337 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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338 | brought down</para>
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339 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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340 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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341 | </indexterm>
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342 | </listitem>
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343 | </varlistentry>
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344 |
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345 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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346 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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347 | <listitem>
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348 | <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
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349 | settings</para>
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350 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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351 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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352 | </indexterm>
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353 | </listitem>
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354 | </varlistentry>
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355 |
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356 | <varlistentry id="init">
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357 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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358 | <listitem>
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359 | <para>Is the first process to be started after the kernel has initialized
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360 | the hardware; <command>init</command> takes over the boot process and starts the
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361 | processes specified by its configuration files; in this case, it starts
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362 | systemd</para>
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363 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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364 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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365 | </indexterm>
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366 | </listitem>
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367 | </varlistentry>
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368 |
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369 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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370 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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371 | <listitem>
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372 | <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
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373 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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374 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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375 | </indexterm>
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376 | </listitem>
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377 | </varlistentry>
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378 |
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379 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
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380 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
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381 | <listitem>
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382 | <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
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383 | from /boot; in LFS, this is done manually</para>
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384 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
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385 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
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386 | </indexterm>
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387 | </listitem>
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388 | </varlistentry>
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389 |
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390 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
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391 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
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392 | <listitem>
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393 | <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
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394 | settings</para>
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395 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
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396 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
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397 | </indexterm>
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398 | </listitem>
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399 | </varlistentry>
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400 |
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401 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
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402 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
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403 | <listitem>
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404 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
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405 | Manager</para>
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406 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
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407 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
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408 | </indexterm>
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409 | </listitem>
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410 | </varlistentry>
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411 |
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412 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
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413 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
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414 | <listitem>
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415 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
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416 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
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417 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
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418 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
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419 | </indexterm>
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420 | </listitem>
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421 | </varlistentry>
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422 |
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423 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
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---|
424 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
---|
425 | <listitem>
|
---|
426 | <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
|
---|
427 | links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
|
---|
428 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
---|
429 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
---|
430 | </indexterm>
|
---|
431 | </listitem>
|
---|
432 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
433 |
|
---|
434 | <varlistentry id="oomctl">
|
---|
435 | <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
|
---|
436 | <listitem>
|
---|
437 | <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
|
---|
438 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
|
---|
439 | <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
|
---|
440 | </indexterm>
|
---|
441 | </listitem>
|
---|
442 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
---|
445 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
---|
446 | <listitem>
|
---|
447 | <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
---|
448 | system</para>
|
---|
449 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
---|
450 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
---|
451 | </indexterm>
|
---|
452 | </listitem>
|
---|
453 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
454 |
|
---|
455 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
---|
456 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
---|
457 | <listitem>
|
---|
458 | <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
---|
459 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
460 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
---|
461 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
---|
462 | </indexterm>
|
---|
463 | </listitem>
|
---|
464 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
465 |
|
---|
466 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
---|
467 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
---|
468 | <listitem>
|
---|
469 | <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
---|
470 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
471 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
---|
472 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
---|
473 | </indexterm>
|
---|
474 | </listitem>
|
---|
475 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
476 |
|
---|
477 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
---|
478 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
---|
479 | <listitem>
|
---|
480 | <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
|
---|
481 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
---|
482 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
---|
483 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
---|
484 | </indexterm>
|
---|
485 | </listitem>
|
---|
486 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
487 |
|
---|
488 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
---|
489 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
---|
490 | <listitem>
|
---|
491 | <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
|
---|
492 | manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
---|
493 | DNS records, and services</para>
|
---|
494 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
---|
495 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
---|
496 | </indexterm>
|
---|
497 | </listitem>
|
---|
498 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
499 |
|
---|
500 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
---|
501 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
---|
502 | <listitem>
|
---|
503 | <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
---|
504 | last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
---|
505 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
---|
506 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
---|
507 | </indexterm>
|
---|
508 | </listitem>
|
---|
509 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
---|
512 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
---|
513 | <listitem>
|
---|
514 | <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
|
---|
515 | all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
---|
516 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
---|
517 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
---|
518 | </indexterm>
|
---|
519 | </listitem>
|
---|
520 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
521 |
|
---|
522 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
---|
523 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
---|
524 | <listitem>
|
---|
525 | <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
---|
526 | and service manager</para>
|
---|
527 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
---|
528 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
---|
529 | </indexterm>
|
---|
530 | </listitem>
|
---|
531 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
532 |
|
---|
533 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
534 | <term><command>systemd-ac-power</command></term>
|
---|
535 | <listitem>
|
---|
536 | <para>Reports whether the system is connected to an external
|
---|
537 | power source.</para>
|
---|
538 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ac-power">
|
---|
539 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ac-power">systemd-ac-power</primary>
|
---|
540 | </indexterm>
|
---|
541 | </listitem>
|
---|
542 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
543 |
|
---|
544 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
---|
545 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
---|
546 | <listitem>
|
---|
547 | <para>Is used to analyze system startup performance,
|
---|
548 | as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
|
---|
549 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
---|
550 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
---|
551 | </indexterm>
|
---|
552 | </listitem>
|
---|
553 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
554 |
|
---|
555 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
556 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
---|
557 | <listitem>
|
---|
558 | <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
---|
559 | using a message specified on the Linux command line</para>
|
---|
560 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
561 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
---|
562 | </indexterm>
|
---|
563 | </listitem>
|
---|
564 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
565 |
|
---|
566 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
---|
567 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
---|
568 | <listitem>
|
---|
569 | <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
|
---|
570 | with the systemd journal
|
---|
571 | </para>
|
---|
572 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
---|
573 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
---|
574 | </indexterm>
|
---|
575 | </listitem>
|
---|
576 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
577 |
|
---|
578 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
---|
579 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
---|
580 | <listitem>
|
---|
581 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
---|
582 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
---|
583 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
---|
584 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
---|
585 | </indexterm>
|
---|
586 | </listitem>
|
---|
587 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
588 |
|
---|
589 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
590 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
---|
591 | <listitem>
|
---|
592 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
---|
593 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O loads</para>
|
---|
594 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
595 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
---|
596 | </indexterm>
|
---|
597 | </listitem>
|
---|
598 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
599 |
|
---|
600 | <varlistentry id="systemd-creds">
|
---|
601 | <term><command>systemd-creds</command></term>
|
---|
602 | <listitem>
|
---|
603 | <para>Displays and processes credentials</para>
|
---|
604 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-creds">
|
---|
605 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-creds">systemd-creds</primary>
|
---|
606 | </indexterm>
|
---|
607 | </listitem>
|
---|
608 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
609 |
|
---|
610 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
---|
611 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
---|
612 | <listitem>
|
---|
613 | <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
---|
614 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override the defaults
|
---|
615 | in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
---|
616 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
---|
617 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
---|
618 | </indexterm>
|
---|
619 | </listitem>
|
---|
620 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
621 |
|
---|
622 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
623 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
---|
624 | <listitem>
|
---|
625 | <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
|
---|
626 | environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
|
---|
627 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
628 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
---|
629 | </indexterm>
|
---|
630 | </listitem>
|
---|
631 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
632 |
|
---|
633 | <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
|
---|
634 | <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
|
---|
635 | <listitem>
|
---|
636 | <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
|
---|
637 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
|
---|
638 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
|
---|
639 | </indexterm>
|
---|
640 | </listitem>
|
---|
641 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
642 |
|
---|
643 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
---|
644 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
---|
645 | <listitem>
|
---|
646 | <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
---|
647 | names</para>
|
---|
648 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
---|
649 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
---|
650 | </indexterm>
|
---|
651 | </listitem>
|
---|
652 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
653 |
|
---|
654 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
655 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
---|
656 | <listitem>
|
---|
657 | <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
---|
658 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
659 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
---|
660 | </indexterm>
|
---|
661 | </listitem>
|
---|
662 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
---|
665 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
---|
666 | <listitem>
|
---|
667 | <para>Generates and prints id128 (UUID) strings</para>
|
---|
668 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
---|
669 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
670 | </indexterm>
|
---|
671 | </listitem>
|
---|
672 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
673 |
|
---|
674 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
675 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
---|
676 | <listitem>
|
---|
677 | <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
---|
678 | inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
|
---|
679 | until the process is completed</para>
|
---|
680 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
681 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
---|
682 | </indexterm>
|
---|
683 | </listitem>
|
---|
684 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
685 |
|
---|
686 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
687 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
---|
688 | <listitem>
|
---|
689 | <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
---|
690 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
---|
691 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
---|
692 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
693 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
---|
694 | </indexterm>
|
---|
695 | </listitem>
|
---|
696 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
697 |
|
---|
698 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
---|
699 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
---|
700 | <listitem>
|
---|
701 | <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
|
---|
702 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
---|
703 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
---|
704 | </indexterm>
|
---|
705 | </listitem>
|
---|
706 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
707 |
|
---|
708 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
709 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
710 | <listitem>
|
---|
711 | <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system of status
|
---|
712 | changes</para>
|
---|
713 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
714 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
715 | </indexterm>
|
---|
716 | </listitem>
|
---|
717 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
718 |
|
---|
719 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
720 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
---|
721 | <listitem>
|
---|
722 | <para>Is used to run a command, or an entire OS, in a light-weight namespace
|
---|
723 | container</para>
|
---|
724 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
725 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
---|
726 | </indexterm>
|
---|
727 | </listitem>
|
---|
728 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
729 |
|
---|
730 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
---|
731 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
---|
732 | <listitem>
|
---|
733 | <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
|
---|
734 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
---|
735 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
---|
736 | </indexterm>
|
---|
737 | </listitem>
|
---|
738 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
739 |
|
---|
740 | <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
|
---|
741 | <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
|
---|
742 | <listitem>
|
---|
743 | <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
|
---|
744 | systemd is used with an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
|
---|
745 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
|
---|
746 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
|
---|
747 | </indexterm>
|
---|
748 | </listitem>
|
---|
749 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
750 |
|
---|
751 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
---|
752 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
---|
753 | <listitem>
|
---|
754 | <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
---|
755 | resource records, and services</para>
|
---|
756 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
---|
757 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
---|
758 | </indexterm>
|
---|
759 | </listitem>
|
---|
760 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
761 |
|
---|
762 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
---|
763 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
---|
764 | <listitem>
|
---|
765 | <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
|
---|
766 | unit and run the specified command in it; this is useful for
|
---|
767 | validating systemd units</para>
|
---|
768 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
---|
769 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
---|
770 | </indexterm>
|
---|
771 | </listitem>
|
---|
772 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
773 |
|
---|
774 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
775 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
---|
776 | <listitem>
|
---|
777 | <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
---|
778 | a successful connection to the socket</para>
|
---|
779 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
780 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
---|
781 | </indexterm>
|
---|
782 | </listitem>
|
---|
783 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
784 |
|
---|
785 | <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
|
---|
786 | <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
|
---|
787 | <listitem>
|
---|
788 | <para>Activates system extension images</para>
|
---|
789 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
|
---|
790 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
|
---|
791 | </indexterm>
|
---|
792 | </listitem>
|
---|
793 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
794 |
|
---|
795 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
796 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
797 | <listitem>
|
---|
798 | <para>Creates, deletes, and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
---|
799 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
---|
800 | specified in
|
---|
801 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
---|
802 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
803 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
804 | </indexterm>
|
---|
805 | </listitem>
|
---|
806 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
807 |
|
---|
808 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
---|
809 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
---|
810 | <listitem>
|
---|
811 | <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
|
---|
812 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
---|
813 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
---|
814 | </indexterm>
|
---|
815 | </listitem>
|
---|
816 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
817 |
|
---|
818 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
819 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
820 | <listitem>
|
---|
821 | <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
|
---|
822 | requests</para>
|
---|
823 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
824 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
825 | </indexterm>
|
---|
826 | </listitem>
|
---|
827 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
828 |
|
---|
829 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
830 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
831 | <listitem>
|
---|
832 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
---|
833 | to</para>
|
---|
834 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
835 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
836 | </indexterm>
|
---|
837 | </listitem>
|
---|
838 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
839 |
|
---|
840 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
841 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
842 | <listitem>
|
---|
843 | <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
---|
844 | </para>
|
---|
845 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
846 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
847 | </indexterm>
|
---|
848 | </listitem>
|
---|
849 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
850 |
|
---|
851 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
852 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
853 | <listitem>
|
---|
854 | <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
|
---|
855 | daemon, provides info from the udev hardware database, monitors
|
---|
856 | uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
|
---|
857 | triggers uevents for a given device</para>
|
---|
858 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
859 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
860 | </indexterm>
|
---|
861 | </listitem>
|
---|
862 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
863 |
|
---|
864 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
---|
865 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
---|
866 | <listitem>
|
---|
867 | <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
|
---|
868 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
---|
869 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
---|
870 | </indexterm>
|
---|
871 | </listitem>
|
---|
872 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
873 |
|
---|
874 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
875 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
876 | <listitem>
|
---|
877 | <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
|
---|
878 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
879 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
880 | </indexterm>
|
---|
881 | </listitem>
|
---|
882 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
883 |
|
---|
884 | </variablelist>
|
---|
885 |
|
---|
886 | </sect2>
|
---|
887 |
|
---|
888 | </sect1>
|
---|