source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ 9f84752

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Last change on this file since 9f84752 was 9f84752, checked in by Douglas R. Reno <renodr@…>, 3 years ago

Update to binutils-2.37
Update to less-590
Update to meson-0.59.0
Guard systemd against CVE-2021-33910

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 31.8 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43 <!--Fix CVE-2021-33910 -->
44 <para>First, apply a patch to fix a security vulnerability:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
47
48<!-- Seems to be not needed anymore with 248
49 <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
52-->
53
54 <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
55 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
56 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
57 rules:</para>
58
59 <screen><userinput remap="pre"> sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
60 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
63
64<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
65cd build
66
67LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
68meson --prefix=/usr \
69 --sysconfdir=/etc \
70 --localstatedir=/var \
71 --buildtype=release \
72 -Dblkid=true \
73 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
74 -Dfirstboot=false \
75 -Dinstall-tests=false \
76 -Dldconfig=false \
77 -Dsysusers=false \
78 -Db_lto=false \
79 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
80 -Dhomed=false \
81 -Duserdb=false \
82 -Dman=false \
83 -Dmode=release \
84 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
85 ..</userinput></screen>
86
87 <variablelist>
88 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
94 (<quote>debug</quote>), which would produce unoptimized
95 binaries.</para>
96 </listitem>
97 </varlistentry>
98
99 <varlistentry>
100 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
101 <listitem>
102 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
103 </listitem>
104 </varlistentry>
105
106 <varlistentry>
107 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
108 <listitem>
109 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
110 services responsible for setting up the system for
111 the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
112 everything is done manually.</para>
113 </listitem>
114 </varlistentry>
115
116 <varlistentry>
117 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
118 <listitem>
119 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
120 </listitem>
121 </varlistentry>
122
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
127 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
128 distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
129 if the described feature is desired.</para>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 <varlistentry>
134 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
135 <listitem>
136 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
137 services responsible for setting up the
138 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
139 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
140 were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
141 </listitem>
142 </varlistentry>
143
144 <varlistentry>
145 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
146 <listitem>
147 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
148 for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
149 </listitem>
150 </varlistentry>
151
152 <varlistentry>
153 <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
154 <listitem>
155 <para>Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit
156 the scope of LFS.</para>
157 </listitem>
158 </varlistentry>
159
160 <varlistentry>
161 <term><parameter>-Dman=false</parameter></term>
162 <listitem>
163 <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
164 dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
165 from a tarball later.</para>
166 </listitem>
167 </varlistentry>
168
169 <varlistentry>
170 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
173 </para>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 </variablelist>
178
179 <para>Compile the package:</para>
180
181<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
182
183 <para>Install the package:</para>
184
185<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
186
187 <para>Install the man pages:</para>
188
189<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
190
191 <para>Remove a useless directory:</para>
192
193<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rf /usr/lib/pam.d</userinput></screen>
194
195 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
196 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
197
198<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
199
200 <para>Setup the basic target structure:</para>
201
202<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
203
204 <para>Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that
205 use a network configuration other than what is provided by
206 systemd-networkd:</para>
207 <!-- Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC -->
208
209<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput></screen>
210
211<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
212 If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
213<!--
214 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
215 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
216
217<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
218-->
219
220 </sect2>
221
222 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
223 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
224
225 <segmentedlist>
226 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
227 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
228 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
229
230 <seglistitem>
231 <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
232 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
233 machinectl, networkctl, oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
234 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
235 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
236 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
237 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
238 systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
239 systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
240 systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
241 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
242 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
243 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
244 systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
245 systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
246 telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
247 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
248 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
249 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
250 and libudev.so</seg>
251 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
252 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
253 /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
254 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
255 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
256 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
257 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
258 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
259 </seglistitem>
260 </segmentedlist>
261
262 <variablelist>
263 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
264 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
265 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
266
267 <varlistentry id="bootctl">
268 <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
269 <listitem>
270 <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
271 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
272 <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
273 </indexterm>
274 </listitem>
275 </varlistentry>
276
277 <varlistentry id="busctl">
278 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
279 <listitem>
280 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
282 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
288 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
291 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
292 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
293 </indexterm>
294 </listitem>
295 </varlistentry>
296
297 <varlistentry id="halt">
298 <term><command>halt</command></term>
299 <listitem>
300 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
301 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
302 then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
303 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
304 brought down</para>
305 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
306 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
307 </indexterm>
308 </listitem>
309 </varlistentry>
310
311 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
312 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
315 settings</para>
316 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
317 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
318 </indexterm>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321
322 <varlistentry id="init">
323 <term><command>init</command></term>
324 <listitem>
325 <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
326 the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
327 processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
328 systemd</para>
329 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
330 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
331 </indexterm>
332 </listitem>
333 </varlistentry>
334
335 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
336 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
337 <listitem>
338 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
340 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
346 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
349 from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
351 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="localectl">
357 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
360 settings</para>
361 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
362 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
363 </indexterm>
364 </listitem>
365 </varlistentry>
366
367 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
368 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
369 <listitem>
370 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
371 Manager</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
373 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
379 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
382 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
383 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
384 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
385 </indexterm>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388
389 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
390 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
391 <listitem>
392 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
393 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
395 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="oomctl">
401 <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
405 <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
411 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
414 system</para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
416 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
422 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
425 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
426 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
427 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
428 </indexterm>
429 </listitem>
430 </varlistentry>
431
432 <varlistentry id="reboot">
433 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
434 <listitem>
435 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
436 <command>halt</command>)</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
438 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
444 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
447 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
449 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
455 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
458 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
459 DNS records, and services</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
461 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
467 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
470 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
472 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
478 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
481 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
483 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
489 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
492 and service manager</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
494 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
500 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
503 boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
505 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
511 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
514 using a question message specified on the command line</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
516 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
522 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
525 with the systemd journal
526 </para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
528 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
534 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
537 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
539 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
545 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
548 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
550 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
556 <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
559 as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys</para>
560 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
561 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
562 </indexterm>
563 </listitem>
564 </varlistentry>
565
566 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
567 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
568 <listitem>
569 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
570 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
571 counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
573 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
579 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
582 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
584 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
590 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
594 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
600 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
603 names</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
605 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
611 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
615 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
621 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
625 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
631 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
634 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
635 until the process is completed</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
637 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
643 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
646 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
647 randomly generated ID</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
649 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
655 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
658 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
659 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
660 </indexterm>
661 </listitem>
662 </varlistentry>
663
664 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
665 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
666 <listitem>
667 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
668 changes</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
670 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
676 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
679 container</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
681 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
687 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
691 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
697 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
700 systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
702 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
708 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
711 resource records, and services</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
713 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
719 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
722 unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
723 validating systemd units</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
725 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
731 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
734 a successful connection to the socket</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
736 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
742 <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Activates system extension images</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
746 <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
752 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
755 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
756 specified in
757 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
759 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
765 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
769 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
775 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
778 requests</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
780 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="telinit">
786 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
789 to</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
791 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
797 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
800 </para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
802 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
808 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
811 daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
812 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
813 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
815 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
821 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
825 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="libudev">
831 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
835 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 </variablelist>
841
842 </sect2>
843
844</sect1>
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