source: chapter08/systemd.xml@ cd67d00

multilib
Last change on this file since cd67d00 was cd67d00, checked in by Thomas Trepl (Moody) <thomas@…>, 2 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
9 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>systemd</productname>
13 <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&systemd-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
20 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
27 running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&systemd-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&systemd-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38 </sect2>
39
40 <sect2 role="installation">
41 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
42
43 <!--Fix CVE-2021-33910 -->
44 <para>First, apply a patch to fix a security vulnerability:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
47
48<!-- Seems to be not needed anymore with 248
49 <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
50
51<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
52-->
53
54 <para>Remove two unneeded groups,
55 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
56 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
57 rules:</para>
58
59 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
60 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para>Fix a meson problem:</para>
63
64 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/+ want_libfuzzer.*$/and want_libfuzzer/' meson.build</userinput></screen>
65
66 <para>Fix a problem when using a kernel version 5.14 and later:</para>
67
68 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/ARPHRD_CAN/a#define ARPHRD_MCTP 290' src/basic/linux/if_arp.h</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
73cd build
74
75LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
76meson --prefix=/usr \
77 --sysconfdir=/etc \
78 --localstatedir=/var \
79 --buildtype=release \
80 -Dblkid=true \
81 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
82 -Dfirstboot=false \
83 -Dinstall-tests=false \
84 -Dldconfig=false \
85 -Dsysusers=false \
86 -Db_lto=false \
87 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
88 -Dhomed=false \
89 -Duserdb=false \
90 -Dman=false \
91 -Dmode=release \
92 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
93 ..</userinput></screen>
94
95 <variablelist>
96 <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
97
98 <varlistentry>
99 <term><parameter>--buildtype=release</parameter></term>
100 <listitem>
101 <para>This switch overrides the default buildtype
102 (<quote>debug</quote>), which would produce unoptimized
103 binaries.</para>
104 </listitem>
105 </varlistentry>
106
107 <varlistentry>
108 <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
109 <listitem>
110 <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
111 </listitem>
112 </varlistentry>
113
114 <varlistentry>
115 <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
116 <listitem>
117 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
118 services responsible for setting up the system for
119 the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
120 everything is done manually.</para>
121 </listitem>
122 </varlistentry>
123
124 <varlistentry>
125 <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
126 <listitem>
127 <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
128 </listitem>
129 </varlistentry>
130
131 <varlistentry>
132 <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
133 <listitem>
134 <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
135 <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
136 distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
137 if the described feature is desired.</para>
138 </listitem>
139 </varlistentry>
140
141 <varlistentry>
142 <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
145 services responsible for setting up the
146 <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
147 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
148 were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
149 </listitem>
150 </varlistentry>
151
152 <varlistentry>
153 <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
154 <listitem>
155 <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
156 for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
157 </listitem>
158 </varlistentry>
159
160 <varlistentry>
161 <term><parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter></term>
162 <listitem>
163 <para>Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit
164 the scope of LFS.</para>
165 </listitem>
166 </varlistentry>
167
168 <varlistentry>
169 <term><parameter>-Dman=false</parameter></term>
170 <listitem>
171 <para>Prevent the generation of man pages to avoid extra
172 dependencies. We will install pre-generated man pages for systemd
173 from a tarball later.</para>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry>
178 <term><parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
181 </para>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 </variablelist>
186
187 <para>Compile the package:</para>
188
189<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
190
191 <para>Install the package:</para>
192
193<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
194
195 <para>Install the man pages:</para>
196
197<screen><userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/share/man</userinput></screen>
198
199 <para>Remove a useless directory:</para>
200
201<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rf /usr/lib/pam.d</userinput></screen>
202
203 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
204 <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
205
206<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
207
208 <para>Setup the basic target structure:</para>
209
210<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl preset-all</userinput></screen>
211
212 <para>Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that
213 use a network configuration other than what is provided by
214 systemd-networkd:</para>
215 <!-- Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC -->
216
217<screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput></screen>
218
219<!-- dev: 50-pid-max.conf is not removed in BLFS, so I commented the following out.
220 If it causes any trouble, we can add this back and also copy it into BLFS -->
221<!--
222 <para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
223 some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
224
225<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
226-->
227
228 </sect2>
229
230 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
231 <!-- Multilib - 32bit -->
232 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
233
234 <sect2 arch="ml_32,ml_all" role="installation">
235 <title>Installation of systemd - 32-bit</title>
236
237 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
238
239<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
240
241 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
242
243<!-- screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen -->
244<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
245
246<!-- with cross-LFS we have util-linux in place:
247 <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
248 create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
249
250<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib32/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}*; do
251 ln -sf $file /usr/lib32/
252done</userinput></screen>
253-->
254
255 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
256
257 <screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib32/pkgconfig" \
258CC="gcc -m32 -march=i686" \
259CXX="g++ -m32 -march=i686" \
260LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
261meson --prefix=/usr \
262 --sysconfdir=/etc \
263 --localstatedir=/var \
264 -Dblkid=true \
265 -Dbuildtype=release \
266 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
267 -Dfirstboot=false \
268 -Dinstall-tests=false \
269 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
270 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
271 -Dldconfig=false \
272 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
273 -Drootprefix= \
274 -Drootlibdir=/usr/lib32 \
275 -Dsplit-usr=true \
276 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
277 -Dsysusers=false \
278 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
279 -Db_lto=false \
280 ..</userinput></screen>
281
282 <para>Compile the package:</para>
283
284<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
285
286 <para>Install the package:</para>
287
288<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
289cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
290rm -rf DESTDIR
291rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
292
293 </sect2><!-- m32 -->
294
295 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
296 <!-- Multilib - x32bit -->
297 <!-- - - - - - - - - - -->
298
299 <sect2 arch="ml_x32,ml_all" role="installation">
300 <title>Installation of systemd - x32-bit</title>
301
302 <para>Clean previous build:</para>
303
304<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
305
306 <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
307
308<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
309
310 <para>Fix an issue on x32:</para>
311
312<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '/log_debug/s@PRI_TIMEX@PRIi64@' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.c
313sed '/long drift_freq;/s@long @int64_t @' -i src/timesync/timesyncd-manager.h</userinput></screen>
314
315 <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
316
317<screen><userinput remap="configure">PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/libx32/pkgconfig" \
318CC="gcc -mx32" \
319CXX="g++ -mx32" \
320CFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
321CXXFLAGS+="-Wno-error=shift-overflow" \
322LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
323meson --prefix=/usr \
324 --sysconfdir=/etc \
325 --localstatedir=/var \
326 -Dblkid=true \
327 -Dbuildtype=release \
328 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
329 -Dfirstboot=false \
330 -Dinstall-tests=false \
331 -Dkill-path=/bin/kill \
332 -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
333 -Dldconfig=false \
334 -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
335 -Drootprefix= \
336 -Drootlibdir=/usr/libx32 \
337 -Dsplit-usr=true \
338 -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
339 -Dsysusers=false \
340 -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
341 -Db_lto=false \
342 ..</userinput></screen>
343
344 <para>Compile the package:</para>
345
346<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
347
348 <para>Install the package:</para>
349
350<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 DESTDIR=$PWD/DESTDIR ninja install
351cp -Rv DESTDIR/usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32
352rm -rf DESTDIR
353rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
354
355 </sect2><!-- mx32 -->
356
357 <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
358 <title>Contents of systemd</title>
359
360 <segmentedlist>
361 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
362 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
363 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
364
365 <seglistitem>
366 <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
367 hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
368 machinectl, networkctl, oomctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
369 systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
370 resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
371 (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
372 systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
373 systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt,
374 systemd-dissect, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-id128,
375 systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
376 systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
377 systemd-repart, systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
378 systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysext,
379 systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
380 systemd-umount (symlink to systemd-mount),
381 telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
382 <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
383 libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
384 libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /usr/lib/systemd),
385 and libudev.so</seg>
386 <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
387 /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
388 /etc/xdg/systemd, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
389 /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel,
390 /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd,
391 /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
392 /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
393 /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
394 </seglistitem>
395 </segmentedlist>
396
397 <variablelist>
398 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
399 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
400 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
401
402 <varlistentry id="bootctl">
403 <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
407 <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="busctl">
413 <term><command>busctl</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
416 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
417 <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
418 </indexterm>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
423 <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
424 <listitem>
425 <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
426 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
427 <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
428 </indexterm>
429 </listitem>
430 </varlistentry>
431
432 <varlistentry id="halt">
433 <term><command>halt</command></term>
434 <listitem>
435 <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
436 <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
437 then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
438 file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
439 brought down</para>
440 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
441 <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
442 </indexterm>
443 </listitem>
444 </varlistentry>
445
446 <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
447 <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
448 <listitem>
449 <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
450 settings</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
452 <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="init">
458 <term><command>init</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
461 the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
462 processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
463 systemd</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
465 <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="journalctl">
471 <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
475 <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
481 <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
484 from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
486 <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="localectl">
492 <term><command>localectl</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
495 settings</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
497 <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="loginctl">
503 <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
506 Manager</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
508 <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="machinectl">
514 <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
517 Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
519 <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="networkctl">
525 <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
528 links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
530 <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="oomctl">
536 <term><command>oomctl</command></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>Controls the systemd Out Of Memory daemon</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd oomctl">
540 <primary sortas="b-oomctl">oomctl</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="portablectl">
546 <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
549 system</para>
550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
551 <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
552 </indexterm>
553 </listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry id="poweroff">
557 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
558 <listitem>
559 <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
560 (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
562 <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="reboot">
568 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
571 <command>halt</command>)</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
573 <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
579 <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
582 <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
584 <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
590 <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
593 manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
594 DNS records, and services</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
596 <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="runlevel">
602 <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
605 last run-level record in <filename>/run/utmp</filename></para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
607 <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="shutdown">
613 <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
616 all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
618 <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="systemctl">
624 <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
627 and service manager</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
629 <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
635 <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
638 boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
640 <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
646 <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
649 using a question message specified on the command line</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
651 <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
656 <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
657 <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
660 with the systemd journal
661 </para>
662 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
663 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
664 </indexterm>
665 </listitem>
666 </varlistentry>
667
668 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
669 <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
670 <listitem>
671 <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
672 group hierarchy in a tree</para>
673 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
674 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
675 </indexterm>
676 </listitem>
677 </varlistentry>
678
679 <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
680 <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
681 <listitem>
682 <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
683 hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
685 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
691 <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
694 as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
696 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
702 <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
705 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
706 counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
708 <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
714 <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
717 environment, and adjusts udev accordingly</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
719 <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="systemd-dissect">
725 <term><command>systemd-dissect</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Is used to inspect OS disk images</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-dissect">
729 <primary sortas="b-systemd-dissect">systemd-dissect</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
735 <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
738 names</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
740 <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
746 <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
750 <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
756 <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
760 <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
766 <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
769 inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
770 until the process is completed</para>
771 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
772 <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
773 </indexterm>
774 </listitem>
775 </varlistentry>
776
777 <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
778 <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
779 <listitem>
780 <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
781 stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
782 randomly generated ID</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
784 <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
790 <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
794 <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
799 <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
800 <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
803 changes</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
805 <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
811 <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
814 container</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
816 <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
822 <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
826 <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
832 <term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
835 systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container)</para>
836 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
837 <primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
838 </indexterm>
839 </listitem>
840 </varlistentry>
841
842 <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
843 <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
844 <listitem>
845 <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
846 resource records, and services</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
848 <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
854 <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
857 unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
858 validating systemd units</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
860 <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
866 <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
869 a successful connection to the socket</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
871 <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="systemd-sysext">
877 <term><command>systemd-sysext</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Activates system extension images</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysext">
881 <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysext">systemd-sysext</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
887 <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
890 directories, based on the configuration file format and location
891 specified in
892 <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
894 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
900 <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
904 <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
905 </indexterm>
906 </listitem>
907 </varlistentry>
908
909 <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
910 <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
911 <listitem>
912 <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
913 requests</para>
914 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
915 <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
916 </indexterm>
917 </listitem>
918 </varlistentry>
919
920 <varlistentry id="telinit">
921 <term><command>telinit</command></term>
922 <listitem>
923 <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
924 to</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
926 <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
932 <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
935 </para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
937 <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="udevadm">
943 <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
946 daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
947 uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
948 triggers uevents for a given device</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
950 <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
956 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
960 <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="libudev">
966 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
970 <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 </variablelist>
976
977 </sect2>
978
979</sect1>
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